Transcultural Nursing
PREPARED BY :-
PHD.STUDANT: TAGHREED HAWSAWI
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF:
PROF .DR. ZEINAB HUSSEIN ALI
PROFESSOR & HEAD OF MEDICAL & SURGICAL
NURSING DEPARTMENT

Learning Objectives
On completion of this lecture , the learner will be able to:
Define transcultural.
 Define transcultural nursing.
Understand Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
Recognize Importance of transcultural in nursing field.
Identify Factors affecting transcultural in nursing field.
 Implement Transcultural nursing assessment.
Articulate Transcultural nursing Role in transcultural.
Finding Transcultural barriers

Outline
 Introduction.
Definition of transcultural.
 Definition of transcultural nursing.
Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
Importance of transcultural in nursing field.
Factors affecting transcultural in nursing field.
 Transcultural nursing assessment.
Transcultural nursing Role in transcultural.
Transcultural barriers

Introduction.
The transcultural approach can be applied at all levels of health care institutions; but nurses are
in a privileged position in this approach. According to Leininger’s model, only nurses can provide
transcultural health services. Because the main aim of nursing is to provide a caring service that
respects people’s cultural values and lifestyles. Nurses should offer acceptable, affordable and
culturally suitable care to individuals under the conditions of the day.
The nurses should explore new ways of providing cultural care in multicultural societies,
understand how cultures affect health-disease definitions, and bridge the gap between care for
individuals in different cultures.
Transcultural nursing provides effective nursing care to meet the cultural needs of individuals,
families and groups.
The concept of “Transcultural Nursing” derived from the need to care for individuals in different
cultures in nursing was first used by Madeleine Leininger in 1979.

Definition
Culture is defined as the sum of all the material and spiritual values created in the process of social
development and the tools that are used to create and hand these values down to next generations
and show the extent of the man’s authority and control over their natural and social environment.
Transcultural is defined as "seeing oneself in the other“ The extending through all human cultures"
or "involving, encompassing, or combining elements of more than one culture. (Bielefeld: Aisthesis,
2018)
Transcultural nursing is defined being an ongoing process with a goal of achieving the ability to work
effectively with culturally diverse persons, and additionally, to care for these individuals with a keen
awareness of diversity, a strong knowledge base and skills in transcultural nursing, and especially a
strong personal and professional respect for others from various cultures (Leininger, 2002).

Pioneer of transculturing nursing model

Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
Concept of theorist:-
nurses had to acquire an in- depth knowledge of different cultures in order to
provide care to people of various ethnicities.
focused on the relationship between culture and care on health and wellness.
Purpose and goal:-
of her theory is for nurses to understand diverse and universal culturally based care
factors.

Cross-Cultural Communication
Cross-cultural communication includes certain factors that must be considered when nurses interact with patients and
their family members from cultural backgrounds that differ from their own (Andrews, 2003).
Cross-cultural communication factors:-
1-Cultural identity
2-Racial identity
3-Ethnic identity
4-Gender roles
5-Individual personalities
6-Social class
7-Age
8-Roles identity

These values and
attitudes can have an
impact on
communication across
cultures because each
person's norms and
practices will often be
different and may
possibly clash with those
of co-workers brought
up in different parts of
the world
Racial identity refers to
how one's membership
to a particular race
affects how they interact
with co-workers of
different races.
Ethnic identity highlights
the role ethnicity plays
in how two co-workers
from different cultures
interact with one
another. Addressing
different ethnicities in a
workplace as a way of
educating all co-workers
to the dynamics that
may arise between
individuals of the same
or different ethnic
groups.
Factor that impacts
intercultural
communication is
gender. This means that
communication between
members of different
cultures is affected by
how different societies
view the roles of men
and women.

a person communicates
with others from other
cultures depends on their
own unique personality
traits and how they
esteem themselves.
These differences will have
an effect on the way that
multiple individuals from
the same culture
communicate with other
individuals.
The social identity factor
refers to the level of
society that person was
born into or references
when determining whom
they want to be and how
they will act accordingly.
The age identity factor
refers to how members of
different age groups
interact with one another.
This might be thought of in
terms of the "generation
gap".
The roles identity factor
refers to the different roles
a person plays in his or her
life including their roles as
a husband or wife, father,
mother or child, employer
or employee, and so forth.
How two members of a
workforce from two
different cultures view
these various roles
influences how they will
interact with their fellow
colleague or counterpart.

Importance of transcultural in nursing
field
Culturally competent nursing care:-
Helps ensure patient satisfaction and positive outcomes.
Identifying particular cultural patterns so that an individualized care plan is formulated that will
help meet the established healthcare goals.
Providing holistic nursing practice includes physical, psychological, social, emotional, and
spiritual needs of patients.
Achieved efficacy in communication skills, cultural assessments, and knowledge acquisition
related to health practices of different cultures.
Establish cross-cultural communication to provide individualized care that is based on cultural
practices.

Transcultural nursing assessment
The Transcultural Assessment Model was developed in response to registered nurses’ need to
assess and design care for culturally diverse patients (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002).
This model provides a framework that can be incorporated into nursing patient assessment. The
model assesses differences between individuals in cultural groups by inquiring about six cultural
dimensions:
communication, time, space, social organization, environmental control, and biological
variations. This assessment framework can be utilized by registered nurses to facilitate the
design and delivery of sensitive care (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002)

Communication
Time
Space
C
T
S
When communication
barriers were present,
patients often
expressed concerns
and fears of being
misunderstood as
well as a strong sense
of insecurity during
interactions with
nursing staff
(Cioffi, 2003)
To understand
individualistic views of
culture, student nurses
must assess patient views
about passage of time,
points in time, and
duration of time. Many
countries and cultures
are oriented with a focus
on the past. These
cultures value tradition
and doing things as their
predecessors have done.
Humans vary greatly
in their comfort level
related to personal
space. Some of these
spatial concerns are
related to personal
preferences, while
others are a reflection
of cultural principles.
Transcultural nursing assessment

Environmental
Control
Biological Variation
E
T
Environmental control
can be explained in the
patient’s ability, within
their cultural system, to
plan activities that
control their
environment as well as
their perception of
personal control over
factors in the
environment (Giger &
Davidhizar, 2004).
When assessing a patient’s
cultural underpinnings,
biological variations need
to be evaluated carefully to
avoid stereotypes and
discrimination. These
factors include race, body
structure, genetic
variations, nutritional
preferences and
psychological
characteristics (Davidhizar,
& Giger, 2008).
Humans often learn and
adopt cultural beliefs
through social
organization. Individuals
from culturally diverse
backgrounds will all
manifest different
degrees of acculturation
into the beliefs of their
dominant culture. In
some circumstances,
Transcultural nursing assessment
Social Organization
S

Transcultural nursing Role in transcultural.
Determine the client's cultural heritage and language skills.
Determine if any of his health beliefs relate to the cause of the illness or to the problem.
Collect information that any home remedies the person is taking to treat the symptoms.
Nurses should evaluate their attitudes toward ethnic nursing care.
Self-evaluation helps the nurse to become more comfortable when providing care to clients
from diverse backgrounds
Understand the influence of culture, race &ethnicity on the development of social emotional
relationship .

Transcultural nursing Role in transcultural
Collect information about the socioeconomic status of the family and its influence on their
health promotion and wellness
Identify the religious practices of the family and their influence on health promotion belief in
families.
Understanding of the general characteristics of the major ethnic groups, but always
individualize care.
The nursing diagnosis for clients should include potential problems in their interaction with the
health care system and problems involving the effects of culture.
The planning and implementation of nursing interventions should be adapted as much as
possible to the client's cultural background.
Evaluation should include the nurse's self-evaluation of attitudes and emotions toward
providing nursing care to clients from diverse sociocultural background

Transcultural nursing approach
Culture of the nurse:
The only factor influencing the patient-nurse relationship is not the patient himself/herself. The
nurses’ own customs and traditions, beliefs and values are also important in transcultural
relationships. The nurse’s self-awareness can be the starting point to understand the patient
culturally.
Culture of the environment:
The last element of the transcultural trio is the culture of the environment. The environment is
an integral part of the culture. Individuals as physical, ecological, sociopolitical and cultural
beings are continuously interacting with each other. Nurses may have to intervene in the patient
and family relationship because of frequent bureaucratic arrangements and procedures.

THANK YOU FFOR
YOUR LISINING