Sean V. Shadomy: FAO Activities Related to Multi-Sectoral Collaboration, One Health and Health Security

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date
1
FAO Activities Related to Multi-Sectoral
Collaboration, One Health and Health Security
Sean V. Shadomy, DVM, MPH, DACVPM
Veterinary Epidemiologist, FAO Animal Health Service
U.S. CDC One Health Office Liaison to FAO
SHARP Joint Action One Health Conference, Helsinki, Finland, October 14-15, 2019

Meeting/Workshop title • place and dateSHARP Joint Action One Health Conference, Helsinki, Finland, October 14-15, 2019

One Health Challenges
Balancing needs of people, domestic animals, wildlife, agriculture & natural or
human-modified ecosystems in the face of limited natural resources
& increasing global populations & consumption
Natural
Ecosystems,
Biodiversity &
Wildlife
Livestock &
Aquaculture
Humans
Agricultural
Suburban &
Urban
Ecosystems

FAO and One Health
How can FAO address these challenges?

• UN lead technical agency
specializing in food and
agriculture
• 194 Member Countries
(plus 2 associate members
and EU as member
organization)
Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO)

The FAO Mandate
• Lead international efforts to defeat hunger
• Help developing countries modernize &
improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries
practices and ensure good nutrition
• Improve food security, livelihoods,
sustainable agriculture, and natural
resources management
 all potentially components of a OH
programme but the challenge is how to
make this happen!

One Health
Ecosystem
Health
Livestock
Health
Human
Health
Wildlife
Health

Livestock Disease Threats:
• Livestock contribute to ~43% of Agriculture GDP
(For USA it was 46% in 2011; in Sudan 83%!!)
• Increasing importance for nutrition and food security
• Animal Diseases decrease production efficiency 25-33% (if the
animal lives!)
• Animal Disease agents top the list of potential biowarfare/
bioterrorism agents
• Zoonotic agents: anthrax, brucellosis, RVF….
• TADs: ASF, FMD, Rinderpest, PPR….
Animal Disease Threats and Health Security

Zoonotic Disease threats:
• 60% of existing human infectious
diseases are zoonotic
• At least 70% of emerging infectious
diseases of humans (including Ebola,
HIV, and influenza) have an animal
origin
• Out of 5 new human diseases appear
every year, three are of animal origin.
• 80% of agents with potential
bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens
www.oie.int/onehealth
Animal Disease Threats and Health Security

healthy
humans
food
consumption
food
distribution +
marketing
feed/food
crops
waste
soil/water
food
animal
processing
live animal
trade and
transport
food animal
production
wildlife
arthropod
vectors
pets + feral
dogs/cats
feed
processing
healthy eco-
systems
healthy
animals
healthy
plants
healthy
fisheries and forestry
public health
Safe food
and nutrition
Healthy Food Systems
healthy food
and agriculture

ASF situation - Europe and Asia
(genotype 2)
Europe: 13 countries
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Romania,
Republic of Moldova,
the Russian
Federation, Ukraine,
Slovakia and Serbia –
genotype 2
Asia: 10 countries:
China, Mongolia, Viet
Nam, Cambodia,
Democratic People
Republic of Korea,
Laos, Myanmar,
Philippines, the
Republic of Korea and
Timor-Leste

ASF - Socio-economic impact
Month Pig inventory Sow inventory
Compared with last
month
-9.8% -9.1%
Compared with same
month in last year
-38.7% -37.4%
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
(MARA) of the People’s Republic of China
Pig inventory, China , August 2019
Source: MARA and Rabobank, 2019

• Global sale of pork USD 39.2 bn in 2017
• Pork = 32% of global meat consumption
• Substantial ASF-related economic burden to
livestock sector (farmers, processing, etc)
• Influence on other sectors -feed production
(corn and soya) and pharmaceutical industry
• Food security - especially most vulnerable
• Ecological impacts – carcass disposal,
antimicrobial use
ASF - Socio-economic impact

Ideas Action
Partners & the International Community
• FAO works with partners to build and strengthen the
capacities of countries to prevent, detect and respond to
high impact animal diseases and related health threats
• Tackling Disease at Source: prevention of animal
diseases is more cost-effective than their control.
• Prevention and control of animal diseases preserves
public health, safeguards livelihoods, and guarantees
nutrition and food security.
• Through established multi-partner networks, working
groups, ongoing collaborations

What is FAO Doing?
• Prevention of threats of animal origin
• Promoting cooperation – institutional and cross-
sectoral
• Building country capacity for inter-sectoral and
interdisciplinary approaches
• Disease Driver identification
– Prevention, detection, response
• Resonates and coherent with GHS

Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) initially developed for
Foot and Mouth Disease in animals by FAO and EuFMD*
Slide credit: Dr. Katinka de Balogh, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
*European Commission for the Control of Foot and Mouth Disease

Rabies: Stepwise Approach towards Rabies
Elimination (SARE)

Stepwise Approach for Progressive
Control of Brucellosis
• Developed by FAO (first version 2012)
• Human disease control activities-
input from U.S. CDC
• Methodological tool to assist
countries in launching and updating
brucellosis control programmes
• Aims at progressive control and
ultimately elimination of
brucellosis in animals and humans

Meeting/Workshop title • place and dateSHARP Joint Action One Health Conference, Helsinki, Finland, October 14-15, 2019
Stepwise Approach for Progressive
Control of Brucellosis

Progressive Management Pathway to support
countries with National Action Plans on AMR

Disease Intelligence: Global Early Warning
System (GLEWS)
• Joint FAO/OIE/WHO initiative launched in 2006 combining strengths of the
three organizations to improve disease intelligence at global level and
supports their respective response activities.
– A global early warning system that formally brings together human and
veterinary public health systems
• to share zoonotic disease outbreak information
• to share epidemiological and risk analysis
• to deliver early warning messages on areas at risk.
• Combines official reporting data, rumour tracking, trends analyses, forecasting
and tracking movement of people and goods
www.glews.net

Disease Intelligence: EMPRES-i - Emergency
Prevention System
FAO Global Animal Disease
Information System
• Web-based application to support FAO/GLEWS,
veterinary services and international animal
health community
• Global disease information exchange and risk
analyses on emergent TADs and other diseases.
• Provides mobile and desktop data entry,
management and analysis tools for Disease
Tracking, Early Warning and Risk Analysis
activities at regional and global level.
• Used by FAO epidemiologists, risk modeling
experts and other disease information systems
(e.g. Health Map…)
http://empres-i.fao.org/empres-i/home

Disease Risk Assessment
and Early Warning October 2016: Rapid assessment of
RVF outbreak in Niger for animal and
human health risk in Niger, and
warning for risk of spread to
neighboring countries
January 2018: FAO risk maps
developed in collaboration with
NOAA of Southern African
countries at risk for RFV outbreaks

• EMC (previously CMC) launched in 2006 at
FAO HQ, Rome, in partnership with the OIE
• EMC-AH supports countries’, regional and
international emergency preparedness
including prevention, detection, response
and recovery
• 2 types of missions at country request:
Emergency Preparedness Missions
Emergency Response Missions
GEMP: Good Emergency Management Practice
Emergency Management Centre - Animal Health

EMC-AH Emergency Missions to Date
October 2006 – June 2019
Newcastle Disease
Mers-CoV
Fish Kill

• Putting technical resources into the hands of national ministries
and agencies staff for systems assessment and development of
action plans tailored to their needs
• Surveillance
• Lab systems
• AMR
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/tools.html
FAO Operational Tools Development

• SET methodology
 Comprehensive assessment of animal/zoonotic
disease surveillance capacities
 10-day missions in collaboration with local vet
services
 Interviews with stakeholders centrally & in field
 Including inter-sectoral collaboration with
ministries of health and environment
• Results
 Strengths/weaknesses surveillance system
 Country-specific action plans for improvements
 Provides baseline for future capacity-building
activities
• Status of evaluations
 14 countries in Africa & 2 countries in Asia
 Reports posted online when validated by Vet
Services
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/tools_SET.html
FAO Surveillance Evaluation Tool (SET) –
Evaluation for Action

Conceptual Model of How One Health Tools
Fit Together
Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2019, 38 (1), 71-89

Published March 11, 2019
Tripartite and external contributors

Multisectoral Coordination
(MCM)
in development
Surveillance and
Information Sharing (SIS)
in development
Joint Risk Assessment (JRA) in piloting
Other OTs
in planning
Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach:
A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic
Diseases in Countries
Surveillance
and
Information
Sharing
Multisectoral,
OH
Coordination
Mechanisms
Joint Risk
Assessment
Strategic
Planning and
Emergency
Preparedness
Coordinated
Investigation
and
Response
Risk Reduction,
Risk
Communication
and Community
Engagement
Workforce
Development

JRA Country Pilots Completed/Proposed 2018-2019

Joint / Coordinated
Surveillance &
Information Exchange
Mechanisms
Visualization
Dashboards
Analysis
Alerting
Public health
surveillance data
Weather/climate data
Animal health
surveillance data
Vector surveillance
data
Water quality &
environmental data
Data/information transfer (API,
file upload,…)
Surveillance and Information Sharing Operational Tool:
Hypothetical Coordinated Surveillance and Information
Exchange Platform

Better animal health => Better animal production => Better
food security, better income, better environment => Better
human health
T
H
A
N
K
Y
O
U
Contact information: sshadomy@cdc.gov / sean.shadomy@fao.org
+1.470.240.9845 / +39.06.5705.2438
Outcomes

Acknowledgements
• FAO Animal Health Service
– Andriy Rozstalnyy, Gael Lamielle, Ahmed ElIdrissi, Juan
Lubroth
• FAO Emergency Management Centre - Animal
Health
– Maria Romano, Eibhlinn Lynam
• US CDC One Health Office
– Casey Barton Behravesh, Ria Ghai

Sean V. Shadomy: FAO Activities Related to Multi-Sectoral Collaboration, One Health and Health Security

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Sean V. Shadomy: FAO Activities Related to Multi-Sectoral Collaboration, One Health and Health Security