TCI 2015 Mixing the Worlds of Clustering and Agrifood, Experiences from the Netherlands
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By Frank Eetgerink, presented at the 18th TCI Global Conference, Daegu, 2015.
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TCI 2015 Mixing the Worlds of Clustering and Agrifood, Experiences from the Netherlands
- 1. Mixing the Worlds of Clustering and Agrifood, Experiences from the Netherlands Frank Eetgerink Blue River Concepts The Netherlands Parallel Session 3.2: Clusters Promoting Cooperation and Effective Convergence between Industries
- 2. Collaboration in agrifood Historical roots โข Often very old resilient traditions, conservative โข Hardened by dependency on unpredictable external conditions (weather, diseases, war, etc.) โข From local community collaboration to cooperatives and large farms โข Strong individual / family entrepreneurship
- 3. Agriculture: from traditional production towards chain production Raw Materials Processing
- 4. Simplified Value Chain Raw materials Agriculture Food processing Retail Consumer Logistics Trade Innovation
- 5. Modern agrifood Competitive market driven entrepreneurship โข Up scaling, intensification, industrialization โข Long and complex (global) value chains โข Global markets โข Innovation driven (IT, Robotics, Gene Tech, light) โข From farmer to industrial entrepreneur
- 6. Vertical integration in chains Example: Broiler Chain Primary Production Raw Materials Primary Processing Secondary Processing Trade & Logistics Retail Breeding Egg Production Broilers Slaughtering Trade & Logistics Retail Mother Animals Genetics CornandSoy Production Raw Materials Concentrates Production Processing
- 7. Horizontal integration between chains Primary Production Raw Materials Primary Processing Secondary Processing Trade & Logistics Retail Trade & Logistics Retail Primary Production Raw Materials Primary Processing Secondary Processing Primary Production Raw Materials Primary Processing Secondary Processing Primary Processing Secondary Processing
- 8. Future Agriculture: from chain production towards Food Clusters (Agropark) Raw Materials Processing Raw Materials Processing Raw Materials Processing Food Clusters
- 9. Clusters & Agrifood โข Agrifood is changing into modern industrial business, process industry โข Different roots/background โข Special: spatial and environmental constraints โข Quadruple helix essential โ license to produce โข Different but similar collaboration systems
- 10. Case Almelo, NL โข Problem owner/client: local government โข Challenge: turn unsalable land into profitable rural development โข Goal: economic growth and employment and compensation for financial losses Process starts with concept design and stakeholder involvement
- 11. Verkenning Transitiestrategie Noordflank Almelo 27 juni 2013 9|ยฉ Twynstra Gudde | Agriculture: urban farming Agriculture: intensive livestock farming Care: care farmTourism: theme park Energy farming Education: institute Nature: village estate Agropark: Rondeel eggs Most suitable option Chosen option
- 12. Learning points โข No entrepreneurs were willing to take the risks โข Threat for more traditional farmers and local people โข No consortium was organized to deliver the business case โข Collaboration on closing loops and resource use efficiency was needed, complex task, too early โข Clustering could have been a solution (Now: discussion re-emerges)
- 13. Case
- 14. Umbrella organization for 5 clusters โข Mushroom Cluster โข Avenue Trees Cluster โข Fruit Cluster โข Horticulture Bommelerwaard โข Horticulture Arnhem-Nijmegen Greenport Gelderland
- 15. Good practice โข Mature triple helix, 10th anniversary โข Entrepreneurs strongly involved, project oriented โข Umbrella organization facilitates clusters, interface for government โข Every cluster a cluster manager, pact facilitator โข Every cluster is different in goals, ambitions; locally grounded, regionally funded โข Inspired by mature cluster organization Food Valley
- 16. Final remarks โข From farmers to normal industrial entrepreneurs โข Collaboration evolved from individual entrepreneur into cooperatives and now into clusters โข Modern agrifood businesses can learn from clusters: โnormalโ clusters โข Cluster manager, common agenda, trust building, shared vision and goals, branding, managing external relations โข Spatial element and license to produce differ
- 17. Join the discussions: TCI Working Group Metropolitan Food Clusters https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=8197201 Frank Eetgerink frank@eetgerink.com / +31 6 5342 0839
- 18. Q&A
Editor's Notes
- Coming from small communities and hierarchical feudal traditions, farmers were not used to, neither did they need to collaborate. Subsistence farming was the dominant figure. Because of tough conditions like bad weather, plagues of diseases, war, farmers were kept in their place. To survive you needed a kind of tough entrepreneurship, tied to the family and to tenancy (land leasing)
- From subsistence farming or self sufficient farming, on local or regional scale To production for the local market to create extra income To production for national and international market(s) Growth in scale Value chain evolution From preferred supplier, with more specialization, more trade and logistics, extra steps in processing To orchestration form the market, from trade and retail
- Simplified the value chain looks like this
- Soy beans grown in South America, exported to Netherlands, mixed with corn from US in feed for pigs, raised and processed in Netherlands, hams exported to Italy, turned into Parma Ham, then exported worldwide. Other parts go into other complex value chains. See e.g.. TED talk of Christie Meindertsma Pig 05059 If your trace back the origins of every ingredient of a simple pizza, it will at least as complex, in terms of value chains as a computer. GIS usage, satellite imaging Self driving tractors Automated feeding and stable systems etc. Closed glasshouse systems, totally controlled and automated. Natural light is not good enough anymore: artificial lighting can be optimally tuned to the need of plants Farming is high tech business nowadays
- From specialization in the value chain to integration of two or more steps in the chain But it is not only a linear chain, but much more complex. Side resources, products and services are delivered to the main stream of value creation For example, concentrates production in poultry raising for meat production, but also machinery and equipment.
- But there is also a very important spatial element in these processes. This spatial clustering is like the proximity discussion in clusters. Collaboration creates agroparks, where the use of resources is optimized to prevent waste, circlular ssytems, closed loops No or little waste. Shared facilities, like energy systems, waste water treatment, manure digestion. Combining pig raising, with mushroom growing, with horticulture with aquaponics (fish, algae) Or in combination with existing industries with valuable waste streams. Heat, cellulose, fertilizer
- Old peat excavation area, low value agriculture soils Between two small cities Designated for a large house building project, but unsellable because of the economic crisis
- Importance Greenport Gelderland 1600 (horticulture) businesses 7.600 ha acreage Ca. 800 miljoen euro added value per year Employment more than 20.000 jobs 10% of the Dutch horticulture Horticulture in Gelderland grows faster than in the total of Holland Horticulture is one of the most powerful economic clusters in the province of Gelderland
- Farmers are becoming normal entrepreneurs and can be engaged in a similar way Collaboration in agrifood changed overtime from individual entrepreneurs via cooperations (Banking systems, slaughter houses, milk processing etc) Into agroparks and clusters. They only need to be told Economic development and agriculture are different governmental cyloโs Few bridges between the cycloโs Perception of sectors differs a lot