A single interface for accessing life sciences (LS) data is a natural consequence to master the data deluge in this domain. The data in the LS requires integration and current integrative solutions increasingly rely on the federation of queries for distributed resources. We introduce a federated query processing system name ``BioFed", customised for LS-LOD. BioFed federates SPARQL queries over more than 130 public SPARQL endpoints.

1. Semantic Web Solutions For Large-Scale
Biomedical Data Analytics (SEWEBMEDA)
Workshop at ESWC2017, Portoroz,
Slovenia
May 28th, 2017
Federated Query Formulation and
Processing through BioFed
Ali Hasnain, Syeda Sana E Zainab, Dure Zehra,
Qaiser Mehmood, Muhammad Saleem and Dietrich
Rebholz-Schuhmann
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2. OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. BioFed query processing
 Source selection
 Query re-writing
3. Evaluation
4. Biofed demo
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Linked, decentralized
and distributed architecture
 9,960 datasets
 ~150B triples
 Complex information needs
 Need for federated queries
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4. INTRODUCTION: EXAMPLE
Return the party membership and news pages about all US presidents.
 Party memberships
 US presidents
 US presidents
 News pages
 Computation of results require data from both sources
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5. Integrator
Source Selection
Parse Query
SERVICE Annotation
Road
Map
BIOFED: QUERY PROCESSING
Get Individual Triple
Patterns
Identify relevant
sources
Generate optimized
query Execution Plan
Integrate sub-queries
results
Execute sub-queries
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Federator Optimizer
Rewrite query, i.e.,
add SPARQL SERVICES
BioFed
Engine

6. BIOFED: SOURCE SELECTION
Two steps triple pattern-wise source selection:
1. Road Map lookup for predicate of each triple pattern
 Select those sources that contain the predicate
 Select all sources if predicate is unbound
2. If subject or object of triple pattern is bound
 Send SPARQL ASK query to each of the selected source in step 1, asking
for the complete triple pattern
 Prune relevant sources that returns false for the SPARQL ASK query
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7. BIOFED: SOURCE SELECTION
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 =
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
7
Step 1: Road Map lookup
for rdf:type
S2 S3 S4
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

8. BIOFED: SOURCE SELECTION
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 =
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
8
S2 S3 S4
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
Step 2: Prune step 1 sources
using SPARQL ASK queries
ASK{ ?president rdf:type
dbpedia:President}
S1 S2 S3 S4

9. BIOFED: SOURCE SELECTION
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 =
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
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DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

10. MOTIVATION: SOURCE SELECTION
10
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

11. MOTIVATION: SOURCE SELECTION
11
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 =
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

12. MOTIVATION: SOURCE SELECTION
12
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 = S4TP4 =
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

13. MOTIVATION: SOURCE SELECTION
13
Source Selection Algorithm
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 = S4TP4 =
S1TP5 = S2 S4
FedBench (LD3): Return for all US presidents their party
membership and news pages about them.
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President .
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States .
?president dbpedia:party ?party .
?x nyt:topicPage ?page .
?x owl:sameAs ?president .
}
//TP1
//TP3
//TP4
//TP5
//TP2
DBpedia
RDF
KEGG
RDF
ChEBI
RDF
NYT
RDF
S1 S2 S3 S4

14. BIOFED: QUERY RE-WRITING
SPARQL 1.0 To SPARQL 1.1 conversion
14
Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 = S4TP4 =
S1TP5 = S2 S4SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President . //TP1
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States . //TP2
?president dbpedia:party ?party . //TP3
?x nyt:topicPage ?page . //TP4
?x owl:sameAs ?president . //TP5
}

15. BIOFED: QUERY RE-WRITING
SPARQL 1.0 To SPARQL 1.1 conversion
 Combine triple patterns having same, one and only one relevant source
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Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 = S4TP4 =
S1TP5 = S2 S4
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
SERVICE <S1> {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President . //TP1
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States . //TP2
?president dbpedia:party ?party . } //TP3
SERVICE <S4> { ?x nyt:topicPage ?page . } //TP4
?x owl:sameAs ?president . //TP5
}

16. BIOFED: QUERY RE-WRITING
SPARQL 1.0 To SPARQL 1.1 conversion
 Combine triple patterns having same, one and only one relevant source
 Use UNION and SERVICE for triple patterns with more than one relevant sources
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Triple pattern-wise source selection
S1TP1 = S1TP2 =
S1TP3 = S4TP4 =
S1TP5 = S2 S4
SELECT ?president ?party ?page
WHERE {
SERVICE <S1> {
?president rdf:type dbpedia:President . //TP1
?president dbpedia:nationality dbpedia:United_States . //TP2
?president dbpedia:party ?party . } //TP3
SERVICE <S4> { ?x nyt:topicPage ?page . } //TP4
{ SERVICE<S1> { ?x owl:sameAs ?president . }} //TP5
UNION {
SERVICE<S2> { ?x owl:sameAs ?president . }} //TP5
UNION {
SERVICE<S4> { ?x owl:sameAs ?president . }} //TP5
}

17. COMPARISON ON
LARGERDFBENCH
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18. COMPARISON ON
LARGERDFBENCH
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19. http://vmurq09.deri.ie:8007/
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20. THANK YOU
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