It is my hard work

1. Seminar Report
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“SOLAR MOBILE CHARGER”
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SubmittedBy: - Under theguidance of: -
Name: AKASH MANNA DURGA PRASANNA MOHANTY
Regd. No:1821294019
BRANCH: EE
Semester: 7th
Session:2021

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DECLARATION
I, AKASH MANNA a bearing Regd.
No.1821294019 hereby declare that the seminar topic
entitled “SOLAR MOBILE CHARGER” presented by me
is original and this has not been submitted to anywhere
else for the award of any other degree.
Student name- AKASH MANNA
Regd. No: 1821294019
Semester:7th
Branch: ELECTRICAL ENGGINEERING

4. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that AKASH MANNA, student of 7th
semester, Electrical Engineering Department of R.E.C College of
BHUBANESWAR bearing Regd.No.1821294019 has presented a
seminar on the topic entitled “Solar Mobile Charger” for the
partial fulfillment of Bachelors of Technology degree in
Electrical Engineering under Biju Patnaik University of
Technology (BPUT).
Further it is certified that the matter presented here
has not been submitted anywhere else for the award of any other
degree.

5. ABSTRACT
It works on the principle that when light falls on the solar
cell, electron -hole pairs are created in the n-type
emitter and in the p-type base. The generated electrons
(from the base) and holes (from the emitter) then diffuse
to the junction and are swept away by the electric
field, thus producing. Certain modules are selected and
worked out to suitable specifications. The developmentof
solar charger goes from the fundamental level like
soldering lamination and making the panel etc. The
developed charger is planned for 6 Volts with ma capacity
at bright sunlightand step down to 5Volts using
regulator. IN the report, the detailed experimental
characteristics of mobile charger are noted

6. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Photovoltaic cell
 Principle of PV cell
 Manufacturing of solar cells
 Applications
 Solar mobile charger unit
 Specification of charger
 Design of charger
 Cell in series
 Final work
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

7. INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is the energy produced directlyby the sun and collected
elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun createsitsenergy through a
thermonuclear process. Theprocess createsheat and electromagnetic
radiation. Only a very small fractionof the totalradiationproduced reaches
the Earth. The radiation thatdoes reachesthe Earth is the indirect sourceof
nearly every type of energy used today. The radiationthat doesreach the
Earth is the indirect sourceof nearly every type of energy used today. The
exceptionsaregeothermalenergy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even
fossil fuels owe their originsto thesun; they were once living plants and
animalswhose life was dependent upon the sun. Much of the world's
required energycan be supplied directlyby solar power. Morestill can be
provided indirectly. Thepracticalityofdoing so will be examined, as well as
the benefitsand drawbacks. Inaddition, theuses solar energy is currently
applied to will be noted. Due to the natureof solar energy, two components
are required tohave a functionalsolar energygenerator. These two
componentsarea collector and a storageunit. The collector simplycollects
the radiationthat fallson it and converts a fractionofit to other forms of
energy (either electricityand heat or heat alone). The storageunit is
required becauseof thenon-constant natureof solar energy; at certaintimes
only a very small amount of radiationwillbe received. At night or during
heavy cloud cover, for example, the amount of energyproduced by the
collector will be quitesmall. The storageunit canhold the excess energy
produced during theperiodsof maximumproductivity, and release it when
the productivitydrops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added,
too, for the situationswhenthe amount of energy required is greater than
both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.

8. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL: -
The term "photovoltaic" comesfrom the Greek(photo) means
"light", and "voltaic", means electric, from the name of the Italian
physicist “VOLTA "after whom a unit of electro-motiveforce, the volt is
named. The sun is a star madeup of hydrogenand helium gas and it
radiatesanenormousamount of energy every second. A photovoltaic cell
is an electricaldevicethat convert the energy of light directlyinto
electricitybyphotovoltaic effect.
Photovoltaics:
It is the field of technology and research related tothe practical
applicationof photovoltaic cells in producing electricityfrom light, though
it is often used specificallytorefer to the generationof electricityfrom
sunlight. Cells can be described as photovoltaic even when the light
source is not necessarily sunlight (lamplight, artificiallight, etc.). In such
cases thecell is sometimesused as a photodetector (for example infrared
detectors, detecting light or other electromagnetic radiationnear the
visible range, or measuring light intensity. The operationof a photovoltaic
(PV) cell requires3 basic attributes: The absorptionoflight, generating
either electron-hole pairsor excitons. The separationof chargecarriersof
opposite types. The separateextractionof those carrierstoan external
circuit. In contrast, a solar thermalcollector collects heat by absorbing
sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or indirect electrical
power generation. "Photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemicalcell), on
the other hand, refers either a type of photovoltaic cell (like that
developed by A.E. Becquereland modern dye-sensitized solar cells or a
device that splitswater directlyintohydrogen and oxygen using only solar
illumination.Photovoltaic power generationemploys solar
panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a photovoltaic
material. Materialspresentlyused for photovoltaics

9. include monocrystallinesilicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous
silicon, cadmium telluride, andcopper/sulfide. Due to the increased
demand for renewableenergy sources, the manufacturingofsolar cells
and photovoltaic arrays hasadvanced considerablyinrecent years. Solar
photovoltaicsis a sustainable energysource. By theend of 2011, a totalof
71.1 GW had been installed, sufficient to generate85 TWh/year. And by
end of 2012, the 100 GW installed capacitymilestonewas achieved. Solar
photovoltaicsisnow, after hydro and wind power, the third most
important renewableenergysourcein termsof globally installed capacity.
More than100 countriesuse solar PV. Installationsmaybe ground-
mounted (and sometimesintegrated with farmingand grazing) or built
into theroof or walls of a building (either building-integrated
photovoltaics or simply rooftop).Drivenby advancesin technology and
increasesin manufacturingscaleand sophistication, thecost of
photovoltaicshasdeclined steadily sincethe first solar cells were
manufactured, and the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) from PV is
competitivewith conventional electricitysourcesin an expanding list of
geographic regions. Net meteringand financialincentives, such as
preferentialfeed-intariffs for solar-generated electricity, havesupported
solar PV installationsin many countries. With current technology,
photovoltaicsrecoup theenergy needed to manufacturethem in3 to 4
years. Anticipated technologywould reducetimeneeded to recoup the
energy to 1 to 2 year.
PRINCIPLE OF PV CELL: -Solar cell works on the principleof
photovoltaic effect. Sunlight iscomposed of photons, or "packets“of
energy. These photons containvariousamountsof energy corresponding
to the different wavelengthsof light. When photonsstrike a solar cell, they
may be reflected or absorbed. Whena photon is absorbed, theenergy of
the photon is transferred toan electronin an atom of the cell (which is

10. actuallya semiconductor). With itsnew found energy, theelectron is able
to escapefrom itsnormal positionassociated with that atom tobecome
part of the current in an electric

11. MANUFACTURING OF SOLAR CELLS
• Raw Materials: Thebasic component ofa solar cell is puresilicon, which
is not pure in itsnaturalstate
• Purifying thesilicon
• Making singlecrystalsilicon
• Making siliconwafers i.e., making small small siliconcrystal.
• Doping: Doping is used to increasethe strength of the material.
• The anti-reflective coating: It is a typeof opticalcoating applied tothe
surfaceof lenses. It improvesefficiency.
• Encapsulating thecell
APPLICATION:
• For low-power portableelectronics, like calculatorsor small fans, a
photovoltaic arraymaybea reasonableenergy source rather thana
battery.
• In other situations, such as solar batterychargers, watches, and
flashlights, the photovoltaic arrayisused to generateelectricity.
• Solar chargerscanchargelead acid or Ni-Cd batterybankup to 48 V and
hundredsof ampere-hours(up to 400 Ah) capacity.
• For such typeof solar chargers, generallyintelligent chargecontrollers
are used. A series of solar cell arrayplatesare installed separatelyon roof
top and can be connected to batterybank. Such arrangement canalsobe
used in additiontomainssupply chargersfor energy saving during day
times.

12. • Most portablechargerscanobtainenergyfrom the sun only. Portable
knobs are also sold. Some, including the KinesisK3, canwork either way.
Examplesof solar chargersinpopular use include:
• Small portablemodelsdesigned to charge a rangeof different mobile
phones, cell phones, iPodsor other portableaudioequipment.
• Fold out models designed to sit on the dashboard ofan automobileand
plug intothe cigar lighter, tokeep the batterytopped up whilst not in
use.
• Torches, often combined with a secondarymeansof charging, such asa
kinetic chargingsystem.
• Public solar chargerspermanentlyinstalled in public places, such as
parks, squaresand streets, which passers-bycan use for free.
SOLAR MOBILE CHARGER UNIT:
 Portable Solar MobileCharger for mobilephone can be charged with
Sun light and electricalpower. It stores power from the sun and
charge mobile phone, iPod, etc.
 Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to chargecell phone
batteries. Theyarean alternative toconventional electricalcellphone
chargers and in some cases canbe plugged into anelectricaloutlet.
 There arealso public solar chargersfor mobilephones which can be
installed permanentlyin public placessuch as streets, park and
squares.
 The model which is according toEuropeanCommissionproclaimed
as the first in the world is the StrawberryTree, public solar charger
invented by StrawberryenergyCompany. This solar stationwon the
first place at "EU Sustainableenergyweek (EUSEW) 2011" in the
Consuming category.

13.  Some models of cell phones have a built-insolar charger and are
commercially availablefor GSM cell phone models.
 Solar cell phone chargerscomein different shapes and configurations
including folding and rotating types.
SPECIFICATIONS OF CHARGER:
 Uses high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon
 Solar panel: 5.5V/1000mA
 Output voltage: 5.5V
 Output current: 300-550mA
DESIGN OF CHARGER:
• A multicrystallinesolar cellis takenand itscut into12 parts.
• By taking tabbingwireand applying flux, pasteis done.
• Thisis done from top of one cell to bottom of the other cell. They are
connected in series. The aboveprocess is continued for remaining cells.
• A wirecomes from positiveside of cell and another wirecomes from the
negativeside.
• The whole arrangementisthen placed on top of an acrylic sheet, Teflon.
• On top these panels EVA is placed and areattached with fevi-quick
• These wiresare connected tothe terminalsof a regulator.
• Using multimeter weverify the voltageis brought down to 5 V.
• Regular terminalsarefurther connected to multipincable.
• The pin is then connected tomobile to charge it.

14. CELL IN SERIES
FINAL WORK:

15. SPECIFICATIONS OF BATTERY
For Samsung
• Make: Samsung
• Model: GT-B5310
• Voltage: Max-5V
Min-3.7V
• Capacity: 930ma/hr
For Nokia
• Type: RH-105
• Make: Nokia
• Model: 1208
• Voltage: Max-5V
Min-3.7V
• Capacity: 1020ma/hr
ADVANTAGES
 Solar energy is a renewable energy source. We get solar energy
directly from resources i.e., from sun. The solar charger power
source comes from the solar energy which is a reliable
alternative.
 Solar energy comes in free of charge. The energy from the sun
is free. The source of energy is practically free because we get
sunlight directly from sun.
 Solar cells panel on the solar charger does not require much
maintenance. As, the solar cells panel is very reliable as it can
last longer than other Source of energy.

16.  The solar charger also does emit zero pollution and is very
environmentally friendly which helps in reducing global
warming and greenhouse effect.
 . It also helps reduces cost such as electric bills as the solar
charger source of energy is free.
 The solar charger also operates quietly and this does not
contribute to noise pollution.
DISADVANTAGES
 Solar charger need light to work.
 The efficiency of the photo-voltaic panels has increased greatly
over the last decade or so, reaching the point where they do
not need direct sunlight to work but will now create a
satisfactory current even under overcast conditions. But it is
still something we should be aware of depending where in the
world we are based.
 Charging a device by solar charger is much slower than the main
charger.
 This is due to the current generated by the solar panels being a
lot less than what you would find at home

17. CONCLUSION
• To make sure we have plenty of energy in the future, it's up to
all of us to use energy wisely.
• We must all conserve energy and use it efficiently. It's also up to
those who will create the new energy technologies of the future.
• All energy sources have an impact on the environment.
Concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming, air
pollution, and energy security have led to increasing interest
and more development in renewable energy sources such as
solar, wind, geothermal, wave power and hydrogen
• In solar mobile charger ripples will not be there as we use DC
power directly to charge the mobile.
• Battery life is more as high voltages are not developed.
• Versatility of Solar mobile charger is high.
• Life of the battery will be high as we use solar mobile charger.
• Adaptability is high.