2. • 1770 and 1850 – Economy Changed
• From agricultural to industrial
• Not one key invention, but range of
technological progresses
• Main result = Development of factories
• Steam Engines + Iron Industry = Better
Transportation
• Better transportation = Larger markets
3. • 1806 - 1859
• Brunel built bridges,
railways and the world's
biggest ship.
• Brunel showed the world
what engineers could
achieve.
• Brunel's work meant
that people could travel
and trade in a new way.
4. • Life was difficult for people
working in factories during
the Industrial Revolution.
• Long days and demanding
physical labor often lasted
from before sunrise, until
well after sunset.
• The industrial revolution
made many people rich but
for many poor families life
was the worst it had been
for a long time.
5. • in London the population grew
at a record rate.
• Large houses were turned into
flats and the landlords were
not concerned about the
upkeep or the condition of
these dwellings.
• People lived next to factories!
6. One family would occupy each floor.
The attic and cellar were used to
house families also. Toilets would be
at the end of the street.
7. ‘In one group of 26 streets…the ground
was covered with sewage which leaked
into the cellars. A pool, over a metre deep,
was found in one cellar under the bed
where the family slept.’
8. Many people could not afford the
rents being charged and they
were made homeless.
This included many children.
They were turned out of home
and left to look after themselves
at an early age.
Many more ran away because of
ill treatment.
9. ‘There are more than thirty
thousand 'naked, filthy, roaming
lawless and deserted children, in
and around the metropolis' .’
10. • At the end of the 18th century
it was not just crime that was
increasing but also poverty.
• As people moved into the
towns and cities, the crime
rate increased rapidly.
• Middle class people became
alarmed at the increase in
theft and rioting. Public
disturbances occurred quite
often throughout the country.
11. Victorians were worried about the
rising crime rate.
Offences went up from about
5,000 per year in 1800 to about
20,000 per year in 1840.
Sentences for both children, Many prisoners were sentenced to hard
women and men were strict. labor, including a treadmill that worked on
muscle engine powered by walking steadily
The punishment for stealing food upward. British prisoners spent six hours a
could include a sentence of hard day on the treadmill.
labor, even for children.
12. Please answer the questions and share your findings with the class!
What do these artifacts tell us about life during the Industrial Revolution?
14. During the reign of
Queen Victoria, (1837 -
1901), the population of
England doubled and
the Industrial
Revolution put new
pressures on her
society.
This caused an increase
in the crime rate and
the problem of where to
house these criminals
worsened.
Transportation of
convicts to Australia
had been abolished in
1868, due to increasing
opposition.
15. There was a need to reform the
police force of England.
Home Secretary Robert Peel (1829)
developed what was a crude but
partially effective police force.
To stop the activities of criminals,
who had in fact taken over whole
suburbs and made them their own.
He formed 'The Metropolitan Police
Force‟
In 1888, during the Jack the Ripper
investigation the police were
suffering from a severe shortage of
manpower.
16. In 1888, London was a divided city
for many reasons.
Just as it is today, the West End
was the most wealthy area.
The East End was much poorer.
At a time when Great Britain ran
the biggest empire since the
Romans, the people of the East
End of London were still living and
working in degrading conditions.
17.
18.
19. In London there is an East End and a West End.
In the West End are those fortunate ones who
are sent into the world with a kiss. In the East
End are the others. Here live the poor, the
shamed, those whom Fate, seeing how
shrunken and bent they are as they creep
through the gates of life, spat in their face for
good measure.
Jacob Adler (1855 – 1926)
20. Prostitution was one of the only
reliable means through which a
single woman or widow could
maintain herself.
The police estimated that in
1888 there were some 1,200
prostitutes in Whitechapel in the
East End of London.
Not including the women who
supplemented their small
earnings by occasional
prostitution.
21. In the late Victorian era,
London was terrorized by a
serial killer known as Jack the
Ripper.
Ripper slaughtered five or
more prostitutes working in the
East End of London.
The name originates from a
letter written by someone who
claimed to be the killer
published at the time of the
murders.
The killings took place within a
mile area and involved the
districts of Whitechapel,
Spitalfields, Aldgate, and the
City of London proper.
The case still remains unsolved
22. The murderer and his victim
always faced each other.
The Ripper seized the women by
their throats and strangled them.
The Ripper lowered his victims to
the ground.
He then cut the throats with a
knife from the right side to the
left side of her throat.
The Ripper then made his other
mutilations.
23. Dr Thomas Cream
He was an American Doctor who had
been arrested for poisoning prostitutes
and writing false letters to the police. He
was hanged in 1892 for murdering
prostitutes and his last words were “I am
Jack”. However, he was in prison in
September 1888 when the murders
happened.
Severin Klosowski (AKA George
Chapman)
He was suspected by the police at the
time of the murders. He had poisoned
two of his wives. He trained as a doctor
and worked as a barber near
Whitechapel. He was convicted of poisoning
and executed in 1903.
24. Alexander Pedachenko
He was a Russian doctor who worked in a
women‟s hospital. He went back to Russia
after the last murder and was then sent to
a mental hospital after murdering a
woman in St Petersburg.
Prince Albert Victor
He was the grandson of Queen Victoria and
was known for hanging around the gay
bars in Whitechapel late at night. He was a
keen hunter and also suffered from a brain
disease. He had secretly married a woman
his family disapproved of and the last
victim Mary Kelly worked for him for a
short while.
25. Jill the Ripper
Welsh-born Lizzie Williams, the wife
of surgeon Sir John Williams
(himself a prime suspect for the
Ripper), killed women because she
could not conceive.
26. Traditionally, Jack the Ripper is
considered to have killed five
women, all London prostitutes,
during 1888:
Mary Ann 'Polly' Nichols on August
31,
Annie Chapman on September 8,
Elizabeth Stride and Catherine
Eddowes on September 30
Mary Jane (Marie Jeanette) Kelly on
November 9
27.
28.
29. Jack the ripper operated in the East End
for a number of reasons.
How did the living conditions in the East
End of London help Jack the Ripper?
Use the information from the hand-out,
guess how the living conditions helped
Jack the Ripper with his gruesome crimes.
31. While not the first serial killer, Jack the
Ripper's case was the first to create a
worldwide media frenzy
32. Helped to bring about the positive
changes in the East End.
Newspaper coverage highlighted
problems of poor sanitation,
overcrowded slum housing and
extreme poverty.
Nearly one million people lived in
terrible conditions and people
outside of the East End were
horrified.
Government was in the process of
clearing slum housing, publicity
helped speed up the clearance.
34. During the early years of the Industrial
Revolution, life was tough and there
were few opportunities to relax.
Farm and factory workers had little free
time.
The workdays, even for many child
workers, were long and tiring.
Production took priority over play.
35. Working people were also discouraged
from gathering in large groups outside
the workplace.
The authorities perceived such groups
as dangerous because they wasted time
that could be used for work.
Additionally, they provided
opportunities for workers to organize
themselves and challenge the power of
factory owners.
36. Factory Act 1850 – Workers could not work
before 6 a.m. (7 a.m. in winter) or after 6
p.m. on weekdays (7 p.m. in winter);
On Saturdays they had to stop work at 2 p.m
Awareness that workers were being exploited
Growing calls for new open spaces and
funding of „healthy‟ leisure pursuits
It has been suggested that such
developments were a form of social control:
to tame the workforce and ensure industrial
progress
Recognition that weak and sickly workers
could not be productive
37. Sports participation was promoted
to ensure that workers were
physically able to perform their jobs.
There were growing calls for new
open spaces and funding of „healthy‟
leisure pursuits.
Personal fitness was highly
publicized, and there was an
emphasis on gymnastics and
outdoor exercises.
38. For the wealthy all these activities
required special clothing -- riding
habits, tailored suits for golf, shorter
skirts for tennis; and from the late
1860s bathing costumes were
featured in women's magazines.
39. To understand the love Brits have for football
we need to back go back in time!
Mob Football – middle ages sport involving a
ball made from a pig‟s bladder.
It was explicitly violent and played between
villages, at the time of celebration and
festivity.
It was so violent that people living nearby
would barricade their windows during
matches.
Both "teams" tried to force a ball into the
center square of the enemy village or they
might have played across different parts of
town, again centered at a market place or a
town square.
Blown up by
Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned air from the
in England alone by more than 30 royal and mouth.
local laws.
40. For centuries, football was a
bloody, no-holds-barred
'sport ' that often ended in
riots, injuries and even
deaths.
in the early 1800s, a
shocked Frenchman gasped:
'If Englishmen call this
playing, it would be
Our reputation for hooliganism begins!
impossible to say what they
would call fighting. '
41. It is believed that British
schools (Eton and Harrow, in
particular) took the game
away from the "mob" and
civilized it through an
organization of rules and
codes of conduct.
Up until the industrial revolution, football and rugby were
virtually indistinguishable, because the rules of play were
different depending on where you played.
42. This changed in 1863 with the
creation of The Football
Association (The FA).
Several football clubs chose to
withdraw from the FA because
of two rules: the use of hands
and tripping had been removed
from charter for the league.
FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in
These clubs formed the Rugby English football and is the oldest
association football competition in the
Football Union in 1871, which world
finally separated associations
of football and rugby
43. It was the small industrial
towns that had the most
successful clubs.
This occurred for one very
important reason: The
industrial revolution occurred
here.
Towns such as Manchester
and Liverpool.
44. For those arriving to the city,
their traditional country
activities were taken away.
Migrant workers from all over
Britain and Europe flocked to
these industrial cities for work.
They had no ties to their new
community.
In most cases, they didn't know
the language, had few friends,
and had no outlet outside of
work.
Football gave them something they could
belong to.
46. The traditional British kick-off time is 3 p.m.
Still considered to be a working class sport:'The
World Cup (1966) wasn't won on the playing
fields of England. It was won on the streets.' Sir.
Bobby Charlton
By regulating football during the Industrial
Revolution it also created a respect for laws,
orders and submission to authority, whether
these authorities are referees, employers, police
or political leaders.
However, „Mob Football‟ violence or hooliganism
still occurs today.
The Football Association from Great Britain has a
Permanent seat on the IFAB (International
Football Association Board) – which controls the
rules of Football along with FIFA.
