FOR KNOW THY SALVES.

1. HUMAN NEEDS

3. AIR
WATER
EAT
FOOD
SLEEP
SEX

4. EAT
Needs: (Pvwn`v)are internal biological state that help to
initiate, guidance and maintain behavior. Air, water,
food, cloths… Pvwn`v n‡”Q gvby‡li Af¨šÍixb kixi e„wËi GKwU ¯Íi hv
Avgv‡`i AvPiY‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, cwiPvjbv †`q|
Drives (‡cÖlYv): are internal states of tension or
arousal/RvMªZ K‡i stimulation that initiates actions that
will try to satisfy the underlying need. Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨
gvby‡li g‡b †h †cÖlYv RvMÖZnq... gvbyl Kvw•LZe¯‘ cvevi Rb¨†h
AvPiY Ki‡Z DØy× nq...
Biological Needs and Drives:

5. EAT
Homeostasis: is an automatic physiological process
(kixi e„wËq avc/¯Íi) that responds to drives in order to
reduce the internal tension(Af¨šÍixb Pvc Kgv‡Z cwiPvwjZ
K‡i Ges wb‡Rig‡a¨ fvimvg¨ iKelv K‡i) and maintain a
physiological balance.
Biological Needs and Drives:

6. Need hierarchy theory (Maslow)
• The theory can be summarized as follows:
Human beings have needs and desires which influence their
behavior. Only unsatisfied needs influence behavior, satisfied
needs do not. Since needs are many, they are arranged in
order of importance, from the basic to the complex.
gvby‡li wewfbœPvwn`v GesAvKvsLvZvi AvPiY‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
Z‡e AZ„ß ev Am¤úyY© Pvwn`v¸‡jv †ekx Zvi AvPi‡Y cÖfve †d‡j|
‡h‡nZzA‡bK Pwn`v,ZvB me‡P‡q `iKvix †hwU Zv AMÖvwaKvi
wfwˇZmvRv‡bvnq| cÖ_‡g mnR Av‡¯ÍAv‡¯ÍRwUj/KwVb
Pvwn`v...

7. Need Hierarchy/ social structure
Theory (Maslow)
The person advances to the next level of needs only
after the lower level need is at least minimally
satisfied.The further the progress up the hierarchy,
the more individuality, humanness and psychological
health a person will show. The needs, listed from
basic (lowest-earliest) to most complex (highest-
latest) are as follows:
e¨w³ZLbB Ab¨ Pvwn`v Abyfe K‡ihLb Zvi †gŠwjKPvwn`vwU
c~iYnq|Gfv‡e ax‡iax‡iAvZ¥-cÖwZôviP‚ovq Av‡ivnb
Ki‡ZAweivg mvabvB---Aveªvnvg gvm‡jvÕi µ‡gv”P
nvwn`vZ¡Ë|

9. Aveªvnvggvm‡jvÕiµ‡gv”P Pvwn`vmg~n:
Aveªvnvg gvm‡jvÕi G wcivwgWcÖKvk K‡i†h, gvby‡li
kvixwiKPvwn`v†hgb: Lv`¨,e¯¿,... BZ¨vw`hLbc~iYnq
ZLbB µ‡gv”P Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| Gfv‡e hLb
PZz_© av‡ci Pvwn`v c~iYnq; ZLbB GKRbZvi wb‡Ri
Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤^‡Ü wPšÍv K‡i,Zvi gnvb m„wóKZv©iAw¯ÍZ¡
†Lvu‡Rcvq †hgb: gv`vi ‡Z‡iRv, mvay d«vwÝmAd
Avwmwm..

10. g‡bvweÁvbxAveªvnvg gvm‡jvÕi g‡Z, mKj kvixwiK
Pvwn`v ¸‡jv Afve RwbZ †cÖlYv†_‡K Av‡m| Zvi
g‡Z gvbyl A‡bKfvj; Zvi cÖv_wgKPvwn`v ¸‡jv
myôzfv‡e cyiY n‡j; Zvi †h m¤¢vebvgqZv Zvi weKvk
NUv‡Z cv‡i Ges mvg‡_©i myôz e¨envi K‡i wb‡R wb‡R
AMÖMwZiw`‡KavweZ n‡Z cv‡i|

11. weL¨vZ g‡bvweÁvbx †nbix †gv‡i (1981), Zvi
K‡qKRb m½x‡K wb‡qgvby‡li gvbwmKPvwn`vi
Dci we‡klM‡elYvK‡i 44wU Pvwn`vi GKwU
ZvwjKv ‰ZwiK‡ib| G ZvwjKvi Dci wfwËK‡i
GKRb wLª÷vb hvRK I g‡bvweÁvbx dv`vi †ivjv Zvi
m½x‡`i wb‡q21wU MyiæZ¡c~Y© Pvwn`vi Dci
we‡kl¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib; hv gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K,
gvbwmK I †hŠwËKZv‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZK‡i|
g‡bvweÁvbx †nb&ix †gv‡i (1981)

12. NEEDS…
GB 21wU Pvwn`v‡K Avevi wZbwUfv‡MfvM
K‡i‡Qb|
1. Dissonant Needs: HK¨nxb,AmvgÄm¨Zv 7wU
2. Consonant Needs: mvgÄm¨Zv, m½wZc~Y©, Dc‡hvMx
7wU
3. Neutral Needs: wbi‡cÿ7wU

13. 1. nxbgb¨Zv: Abasement
2. Kó‡K Gwo‡q Pjv: Harm avoidance
3. fzj Ki‡Z fq cvIqv: Avoid failure/
defendense,
4. AvµgYvZ¥K fve, ivM: Aggression
5. mnvbyf‚wZ cvevi cÖeYZv: Succorance
6. Rvwni Kiv: Exhibition
7. ‡hŠbZ…wß/cÖeYZv: Sexual
DISSONANT NEEDS

14. 1. mdjZv ARb© : Acheivement
2. cÖwZcvjbev †mev Kiv: Nurturance
3. mymgcK©¯’vcb Kiv: Affiliation
4. Ávb : Knowledge
5. KZ…©Z¡ Kiv: Domination
6. cÖwZK‚jwµqv: Counteraction
7. k„sLjv‡eva/¸wQ‡qivLv: Order
CONSONANT NEEDS

15. 1. ¯^xK…wZcÖ`vb: Recognition/Social Approval
2. mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv: Acquisition/Acquirement
3. ¯^vaxb‡PZv: Autonomy
4. cwieZ©bkxj: Change/Novelty
5. AbyMZ: Submission/ deference
6. Av‡gv`wcÖq:Play/Excitement
7. AvZ¥ghv©`v: Self-esteem
NEUTRAL NEEDS

16. DISSONANT
NEEDS

17. DISSONANT NEEDS: Abasement
nxbgb¨Zv Abasement : e¨w³ nxYgb¨Zvq †fv‡M,
mn‡RAvZ¥ mgc©Y K‡i, nZvkv-wbivkvq†fv‡M,evwn¨Kkw³i
Kv‡Q mn‡Rgv_v bZ K‡i, SzwuK wb‡Z fq cvq|
- wb‡Ri`yfv‡M¨©i Rb¨Ab¨‡K †`vlviæc K‡i, ‡h KvR Rv‡b,Zv-I
Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| M‡elYvq †`Lv†M‡Q60% eªZavwibx GB
nxbgb¨Zvq †fv‡M|eªZxqRxe‡b AmyLx nIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY G
nxbgb¨Zv|

18. DISSONANT NEEDS: Harm Avoidance
Kó‡KGwo‡qPjv: kvwiixK†KvbAvNvZ, Amy¯’Zv,
GgbwKg„Zz¨‡KcÖPÐ fq cvq| me mgq cwiwPZI wbivc`
cwi‡e‡k_vK‡Z I KvRKi‡ZcQ›` K‡i|wec`RbKcwiw¯’wZ‡K
Gwo‡q P‡j, †KvbKvR Kivi Av‡MB wPšÍv K‡iwKfv‡e
†invB†c‡Z cv‡i Ges mveavb g~jKe¨e¯’v Aej¤^b K‡i|

19. DISSONANT NEEDS: Avoid failure/defendence
fzj Ki‡Z fqcvIqv: weeªZKicwiw¯’wZ†_‡K Av‡MB
m‡I `vouvq, AeÁvRwbZNUbv †_‡K Av‡MBcjvqbK‡i,
Dcnvm,AeÁv I wZi¯‹vi‡Kfq cvq| K_bIwb‡Ri †`vl ¯^xKvi
Ki‡ZPvqbv, wb‡R‡K wb‡`v©lcªgvYKi‡ZAvcÖvY †Póv
K‡i|hw` e¨_©nq Z‡e AvZ¥nZ¨viûgwK†`q| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z
nq †h hZ†ekx fzj K‡i†m ZZ †ekxKvR K‡i|

20. DISSONANT NEEDS: Aggression
AvµgYvZ¥K fve:†h †Kvb Ae¯’vqcÖwZ‡kv‡aifve
†ekx _v‡K| Ab¨‡K mn‡R AvNvZ K‡i, A‡b¨i weiæ‡×
AvµgYvZ¥K e¨envi I AvPiY K‡i;mn‡R Ab¨‡K †evKv
evbvq, A‡b¨i cÖwZKwVbI iæpAvPiY K‡i|Ab¨‡K
wg_¨v Acev` †`q, wecixZK_v e‡j|ivM Avgv‡`i
Hk¦wiK ¯^fveweiæ×| b¨q m½Z Kvi‡YivM Ki‡jI
D‡ËwRZ nIqvwVKbq|

21. DISSONANT NEEDS: Succorance
mnvbyfzwZ cvevicÖeYZv: me mgq mnvbyfzwZ,
mg‡e`bv cvevi †Póv K‡i,mvgvb¨ Kó‡Keo K‡i†`Lvq| hv‡Z
mgMÖ KwgDwbwUZviRb¨ wPwšÍZI †mevq wbqwRZnq|
me©`v mywcwiI‡iimg_©b Pvq, mevB †hb Zvi cÖksmv K‡i
,hZœ K‡i,fvjev‡m,fzj Ki‡jI†hb ivMbv K‡i, mevB †hb
cÖkÖq †`q| K‡ói mgq †KŠk‡jKvbœvKvwUK‡iA‡b¨i
¯^všÍ¦bv †Lvu‡R|mywcwiI‡iiLye KvQvKvwQ_vK‡ZcQ›`
K‡i,Dc‡`k kyb‡Z Pvq wKš‘cvjb K‡iïay hv Zvi g‡bvgZ|

22. DISSONANT NEEDS: Exhibition
Rvwni Kiv: me©`v wb‡R‡K A‡b¨i mvg‡b AvKlbx©qK‡i
†`Lv‡Z Pvq| Ggbfv‡e KvRK‡i†hb mevi bR‡i c‡o| ZvK
jvMv‡bvi g‡Zv KvR Ki‡ZI GKUzK‡iBeo K‡iRvwniKi‡Z
cQ›` K‡i|Zviv †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b A‡bK `yógwZi KvR K‡i
wKš‘evB‡i Lye mšÍc©‡bP‡j| wb‡Ri†`vl A‡b¨i DciPvcv‡Z
Pvq|

23. DISSONANT NEEDS: Sexual gratification
‡hŠb Z…wß/‡hŠb cªeYZv: Lyemn‡R †Mvcb
†cÖ‡g Rwo‡qc‡o, †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡bLvivc g¨MvwRb,cÎ-
cwÎKv..co‡Z cQ›` K‡i|Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †emvgvj AvPiY jÿ¨Kiv
hvq, Lye †m‡R-¸‡R A‡b¨i mvg‡b AvKlYx©qK‡iZyj‡Z cQ›`
K‡i|eÜzyZ¡ K‡i†Mvc‡b...

24. CONSONANT
NEEDS

25. CONSONANT NEEDS: Achievement
mdjZv AR©b: KwVb Ae¯’vqI mdjZv AR©‡bi Rb¨AvcÖvY
†Póv K‡i, Ck¦I cÖ`Ë ¸‡Yi myôz e¨enviKi‡Z I fvj dj jvf Ki‡Z e× cwiKi|
ÁvbAvn‡iv‡bicÖej evmbvZv‡`I _v‡K,Zviv K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi
gva¨‡g Ávbjvf K‡i|
eZxq Rxe‡bevYx cÖPv‡i, wkÿKZvi Kv‡R,civgk©`v‡b, Dc‡`k `v‡b
Gai‡Yi e¨w³ LyeKvh©Kix fzwgKv iv‡L|Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡ÎG
ai‡Yi e¨w³Lye ¯^v_©ci, Ab¨Kv‡RAe‡njvGesD”PvKvsLx n‡q _v‡K|
Zviv Zv‡`i mdjZvi Rb¨A‡b¨iKvQ †_‡K cÖksmv Kzov‡Z GKUvi ci
GKUv †Uªwbswb‡Z evD”P wkÿviRb¨`vex K‡i|

26. CONSONANT NEEDS: Nurturance
cÖwZcvjb ev hZœ Kiv: G ai‡Yi e¨w³‡`i Afvex, Amnvq,
AbwfÁ,Ae‡nwjZ,Aejv‡`i cÖwZgvZ„Z¡‡eva, hZœI mnvbyfzwZ
_v‡K| ¯^Rbnviv,AZ¨vPvwiZ, Ae‡nwjZ‡`I cv‡k Zviv mn‡R Qz‡U
hvq| Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨Kivi, m¦všÍbv †`qvi, mg_©b Kivi Rb¨†`Š‡o hvq|
†mevw`‡qBZv‡`I Z…wß|

27. CONSONANT NEEDS: Affiliation
mym¤úK© ¯’vcb: Ab¨‡`iLye Kv‡Q Uvb‡Z cv‡I,mn‡R mevi
mv‡_ eÜyZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i,Ab¨‡`i mv‡_gZ wewbgqKi‡Z Rv‡b|Zviv
Lye mn‡hvMxGeseÜz‡`i cÖwZLye AvbyMZ¨I wek¦¯Ín‡h _v‡K|
Z‡e wbR¯^v‡_© G¸Yvejx e¨enviKi‡j ¯^v_©ci nq, m¤úK© Lvivc
nevi m¤¢vebv_v‡K|

28. CONSONANT NEEDS: Knowledge
Ávb: Zviv Ávbwccvmy, ÁvbAvn‡iv‡bi Rb¨wewfbœeB,
g¨vMvwRb,wbDR†ccvi, wewfbœZ_¨ m¤^wjZwelq co‡ZcQ›` K‡i|
wewfbœwU.wf †cÖvMÖvg hv †`L‡jÁvbevo‡eZv †`L‡Z AvMÖnx
_v‡K| Zviv A‡bK cÖkœ K‡i, wewfbœZ_¨ msMÖn K‡i, Ávbx
e¨w³‡`i m½I e³e¨ïb‡Z cQ›` K‡i|

29. CONSONANT NEEDS: Domination
KZ…©Z¡ Kiv: Ab¨‡`i civgk© w`‡q,Av‡`kw`‡qev eywS‡q-
mywS‡q, wb‡la K‡i, ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i, eva¨K‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ab¨‡`ibv gvbvi cÖeYZv, KZ…©Z¡ Kivi fve †ekx jÿYxq|
cÖwZK‚jwµqv(Counteraction) : nZvkv,wbivkv `y:L-Kó,
Acgvb weeªZKi cwiw¯’wZ A¯^xKvi K‡i, †gvKv‡ejv Kiv| wb‡R‡K
wbR`vwqZ¡cvjb †_‡K mwi‡q ‡bq| gv‡S gv‡S Ggb fve †`Lvq†hb
Zvi wKQyB nqwbA_P wfZ‡i A‡bK Kó cvq; Avevi ZvivcwRwUf
fv‡e †`L‡jcÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZmy›`i fv‡e†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cixÿvq †dj Ki‡j..

30. CONSONANT NEEDS: Order
k„sLjv‡eva/ MywQ‡qivLv: †h †Kvb KvR g„sLjvi
mv‡_ Kiv. wRwbmcÎ ¸wQ‡qivLv, mvwR‡q K_v ejv,
me wKQz mnRfv‡e †g‡b†bqvi ÿgZv, †Kvb wel‡q
cÖwZev`Ki‡Z n‡j ax‡i-my‡¯’ eywS‡qejvev AvPiY
Ki‡Z cviv, mn‡R †i‡M bv hvIqv G Pwi‡Îigvby‡li
ˆewkó¨|

31. NEUTRAL
NEEDS

32. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Recognition/Social approval
¯^xK…wZ/cwiwPwZ PvIqv:K…ZK‡g©iRi¨
¯^xK…wZcÖZ¨vkv Kiv, hw` ¯^xK…wZ cvqZ‡e
bZzb D`¨‡g KvR K‡i hvq| Avi hw` bv cvq G‡Kev‡I
†f‡½ c‡o, wm‡¯ÍR-wb®‹g©v n‡q c‡o,cÖksmvB†hb
Zvi PvwjKvkw³| Gai‡Yigvbyl wb‡R cÖk©mv Pvq
wKš‘ Ab¨‡K cÖksmv Ki‡ZKvc©Y¨ K‡i|

33. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Recognition/Social approval
mvdj¨ AR©bKiv: †h †Kvb KvR A_©c~Y©fv‡e
Kó K‡I n‡jI mdjZvi mv‡_Ki‡Z mÿg nIqv, wb‡Ri I
A‡b¨I Kj¨v‡Y fvj wKQz K‡I mdjZvAR©Y Kiv| Zviv
myRbkxj, `ÿ-KvwiMi ‡h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K fvj
wnQz AR©Y K‡i|

34. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Autonomy
¯^vaxb‡PZv: ¯^vaxbfv‡e _vK‡ZPvq, cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e
Ab¨‡K cwiPvjbvw`‡Z Pvq; DaŸ©Zb KZ…©cÿ†h
wb‡`©kbv †`b Zv cvj‡bAeva¨Zv jÿYxq, Zviv Lye
mvnmx †bZvn‡Z cv‡i;Z‡e eªZxq Rxe‡bmveavb
bv n‡j wb‡RIKó cvq Ab¨‡KI Kó †`q|

35. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Change/Novelty
cwieZ©Ykxj: †h‡Kvbcwi‡e‡ki mv‡_Zvj
wgwj‡qPj‡Z cv‡i,mn‡RiywUbMZ Rxeb
e`jv‡ZI cv‡i| †hLv‡b †hgb; †Zgbfv‡eB Pj‡Z
cv‡i| mn‡RA‡b¨iv Zvi myweav †fvM Ki‡Z
cv‡i|

36. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Submission
AvbyMZ¨: G ai‡Yie¨w³ mn‡R A‡b¨i ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi
K‡I,eva¨Zvi eªZ Zvi Rb¨ mnR| mn‡R bwZ ¯^xKvi
Kiv, A‡b¨i cÖksmv Kiv, wbqgKvbyb BwZevPK
`„wó‡Z MÖnYKiv, KZ…©c‡ÿicÖwZkÖ×v‡eva,
mn‡R †g‡b†bqv Zv‡`i PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨| Z‡e G
ai‡Yi e¨w³‡`I †giæ`Ð k³ _v‡K bv|

37. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Play
Av‡gv` wcÖq:Zviv Zv‡`I mvd‡j¨ D‡ËwRZ nq, Zviv
†Ljv, bvP-Mvb, µxovqAskMÖnY K‡i Avb›` cvq| Zviv
nvwm-Zvgvkv, iwmKZvKi‡Z cQ›` K‡I;Zviv Av‡gv`
wcÖq, `y:L mn¨ Ki‡Z Pvqbv| KwVbcwikÖgZviv
Ki‡Z Pvqbv, w`ev ¯^cœ†`L‡Z cQ›`, wb‡Ri wfZ‡ii
Ae¯’v Ab¨‡`i †`Lv‡Z Pvq bv|

38. NEUTRAL NEEDS: Self-Esteem
AvZ¥ghv©`v/ AvZ¥-cÖZ¨q: wb‡R hv Zv wb‡q
mš‘ó, wb‡Ri¸Yv¸‡Yi cÖksmv K‡I, AvZ¥ Z…ß, wb‡R
wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ †`q, wb‡Righ©v`v Aÿzbœ
ivL‡Z AvcÖvY†Póv K‡i|Zviv A‡bKevi mn‡R Ab¨‡`i
ÿgv Ki‡Zcv‡i bv|