DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com ,
balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com
carpets

carpets
 Carpets are often referred as soft floorings
/ grass floor coverings.
 They can be categorized by their
construction , patterns & types of yarn
used.
 A good carpeted floor usually enhances
look & appearance of your premises .

USE OF CARPETS
 GIVES PERSONALITY TO WORK PLACE RANGING FROM
BOLD TO FORMAL.
 IN HOSPITALITY SETTINGS IT CAN PROVIDE DIRECTIONAL
CLUES TO MOVE PEOPLE TO THE REGISTRATION COUNTERS
OR ELEVATORS.
 IN HEALTHCARE DIVISON CARPETS CAN BE SOOTHING &
EMOTIONAL HEALING.
 IT CAN BLOCK OUT SOUND IN A SCHOOL COMPUTER LAB
 IN RETAIL, CARPETS ARE A WELCOME ADDITION.
 THE POPULARITY OF CARPETS HAS GROWN
TREMENDOUSLY IN RESTAURANTS, HOTELS,
OFFICES,SHOPS AS CARPETED FLOOR OFFERS COMFORT,
INCREASES NOISE ABSORBANCY & HAS AN ASTHETIC
APPEAL.

CARPET CONSTRUCTION
 THEY HAVE THREE
COMPONENTS:
 A) UNDERLAY/
PADDING
 B) SECONDARY
BACKING
 C) PILE- (2 types)
hard, looped

UNDERLAY & BACKING

CARPET PILES

Types of piles
 Plush Pile carpets, where each tuft is cut at the same
height, have long been admired for their luxurious good looks.
 Twist pile . Is made by twisting two yarns
 Loop Pile Each yarn remains in a loop, rather than
being cut to create a tuft
 Cut & loop piles combination of both cut &
loop piles

TYPES OF CARPETS
CARPETS
WOVEN NON WOVEN
WILTON
AXMINSTER
ORIENTAL
TUFTED
BERBER
BONDED (3 types)
KNITTED

Bonded carpets
Bonded
Pile bonded
Electrostatically
flocked
Needle punched
carpets

CARPETS TYPES
 A) WOVEN CARPETS
 b) NON-WOVEN CARPETS

WOOVEN CARPETS
 THE HIGHEST QUALITY
CARPETS ARE MADE BY THE
WEAVING METHOD
 It is produced on loom which
is very similar to woven cloth
 THEY ARE MADE FROM
DIFFERENT COLOURED
YARNS & ARE CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING VERY INTRICATE
PATTERNS
 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF
CARPETS WILTON ,
AXMISTER, ORIENTAL

woven wilton carpets

Woven wilton carpets
 Wilton carpets MAY BE PRODUCED AS
 PATTERENED-this are woven in a loom known as
“Jacquard”
 2. PLAIN WILTON- they are made without the loom.
 3. CORD- they have an uncut pile
 4. BRUSSELS-they are patterned wilton that have an uncut
pile.

PATTERNED CARPETS

Plain wilton carpets

cord

brussels

Axminster carpet
 An Axminster carpet is woven.
 Each individual yarn colour that goes to make up the carpet
pattern is selected by a gripper and woven with the weft.
 It is cut automatically to the required pile height.
 An Axminster carpet provides quality, longevity and
durability .
 The quality of an axminster and the fact that a maximum of
12 colours can be used ensure that it is often the flooring of
choice for prestigious buildings such as Royal
residences, where durability and an element of luxury are
simultaneously required.

types
 Axminster carpet are of two types
1. Spool
2. gripper

AXMINSTER CARPETS
CONTINUED
 SPOOL AXMINISTER - THIS IS THE MOST
POPULER ONE & CAN HAVE MANY COLOUR
COMBINATION
 GRIPPER AXMINISTER - HERE ONLY
EIGHT COLOURS CAN BE USED.

spool

Gripper carpets

Difference between wilton &
axminister
 Axminister like wilton carpet, is woven.
 However the difference between the two
methods is the way in which the carpet is
woven.
 The Axminster yarn is woven into each weft and
then cut to the required pile height and then
reinserted when that colour is needed again –
the Wilton carpet yarn is a continuous strand
woven all the way through.

WOOVEN ORIENTAL CARPETS
 TYEY ARE HAND WOVEN
 THEIR ORIGIN IS FROM
MIDDLE -EAST,& INDIAN
SUBCONTINENTS
 BASED ON COUNTRY
ORIGIN THEY ARE CALLED
INDIAN ,AFGHAN,
PERSIAN & SO ON
 THET ARE BASED ON
EITHER FLORAL
DESINGSOR GEOMETRIC
DESIGNS
 THEY ARE DURABLE
BUTCOSTLY

Countries producing carpets
 Afghan carpets
 Turkish carpets
 Spanish carpets
 French carpets
 English carpets
 Oriental carpets

OTHER WOVEN CARPETS ARE:
 KNOTTED PILE - WEFT THREAD WILL ALTERNATE WITH A
WEFT.
 FLAT WEAVE - EXAMPLE ARE ORIENTAL CARPETS .
 HOOKED RUG -IT IS A SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION OF RUG
WHICH IS HAND MADEBY PULLING THREADS OF COTTON
OR WOOLEN CLOTH.THIS TYPE OF RUG IS CALLED
HANDICRAFTS.

Moquette woven carpet
 moquette mean wall-to-wall carpeting.
These textiles have a low pile and are
thinner than hand knotted pile carpets.
This form of carpeting, made as early as
the 16th century, is constructed on a
mechanized loom.

EMBROIDERED CARPETS
 Unlike woven carpets, embroidery carpets are
not formed on a loom. Their pattern is
established by the application of stitches to a
cloth (often linen) base. The tent stitch ( is a
type of an embroidery stitch) and the cross
stitch are two of the most common.
 Embroidered carpets were traditionally made by
royal and aristocratic women in the home, but
there has been some commercial manufacture
since steel needles were introduced.

NON WOOVEN
CARPETS
 THIS CARPETS ARE
PRODUCED BY ATTACHING
THE SURFACE PILE TO A
PRE FABRICATED
BACKING.
 THEY ARE OF 4 TYPES
tufted, berber,flocked &
knitted.
 ECONOMICAL

NON WOVEN TUFTED CARPETS
 THEY ARE AVAILABLE in PLAIN OR PATTERNED &
ARE USUALLY MADE OF SYNTHETIC FIBRE WITH A
BLEND OF WOOL.
 THEY DO NOT FRAY & ARE CUT INTO ANY SHAPE.
 This type of carpet is produced on a tufting machine
using a single colour yarn .

Tufted carpets
 Tufted carpet is the more economical of the
carpet producing methods.
 Unlike Axminster and Wilton carpet, a tufted
carpet is produced by adding yarn onto a pre-
existing backing using a special adhesive. This
method is an extremely fast (one roll of
Axminster might take 8 hours to make whereas
one roll of tufted takes approx 1 hr) way of
manufacturing carpet

Cut pile

Loop pile

NON WOOVEN BERBER
CARPETS
 HAVE NEUTRAL COLOURS
SUCH AS WHITE, BEIGE ,
GREY DARK BROWN ETC.
 Berber carpet is a type of
weave of carpet, not a type
of carpet. The fibers of this
carpet can be made of
wool, nylon, polyester.

NON WOVEN BONDED
CARPETS
 NEITHER WOVEN NOR
TUFTED.
 THEY ARE GLUED OR HEAT-
FUSED OR IN SOME WAY
BONDED.
 ECONOMICAL FLOOR
COVERING.
 THEY ARE OF 3 TYPES PILE
BONDED---
ELECTROSTATICALLY
FLOCKED, NEEDLE PUNCHED

BONDED CARPETS CONTINUED
 PILE BONDED- PILE OF NYLON STUCK TO PVC.
 ELECTROSTATICALLY FLOCKED –
 (THOUSANDS OF SMALL FIBRES ARE ELECTROSTATICALLY
BONED TO AN ADHESIVE COATED BACKING.)
 NEEDLE PUNCHED – THE NEEDLE LOOM IS USED
FOR BONDING.

Electro statically flocked
 . Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of
objects due to contact with other surfaces. It is the effect of charge
exchange.
 Flocking is the process of depositing many small fiber particles
(called "flock") onto a surface. It also refers to the texture produced
by the process. ...

Flocking is where short, chopped fiber or flock is adhered, usually by
electrostatic processes, to a base fabric resulting in a very short pile
material with a velvety texture. Flocked carpet resembles velour.
Flocked carpets are resilient and crush-resistant. A secondary backing
material usually is applied to this structure, adding body and
dimensional stability. A few flocked carpets are made for bedrooms
and bathrooms, but the majority is used in vehicles: cars, planes, and
buses.

Needle punch
 Needle-punched carpeting is made by felting
needles into a center fabric. This forms a flat
fabric like carpet mainly used for indoor-outdoor
carpeting, artificial grass surfaces, and some
carpet tiles. Needle-punched carpet can be
printed, flocked or embossed. Different textural
effects, can be attained by mixing fiber and
angling the needle in various ways. A coating of
weather-resistant latex or similar material is
applied to the back

other types of carpets are:
 Saxony
 Plush/ velvet
 Frieze
 Cut & loop piles
 Cut pile
 Loop pile
 Students activity : to find out about the above
mentioned carpets.

Other carpets (which gets their name from the origin
countries)
 Turkish
 Spanish
 French
 English
Students to search details of the above mentioned carpets

SELECTION OF CARPETS
 SIZE
 PURPOSE
 COST
 AVAILIBILTY
 TRANSPORTATION
 PILE TYPE-DENSITY&
WEIGHT
 PILE FIBRE
 REPUTATION OF THE
DEALER
 AESTHETICS-
COLOUR, TEXTURE ETC.
 RESILIENCE-( ability of the
pile to return to its original
appearance)
 DYEING
 BACKING
 PADDING
 INSTALLATION

NEED FOR CARPET CARE
 CARPETS ATTRACTS DUST & DEBRIS.
 WHEN WET CARPETS GIVES OUT BAD ODOUR &
CAN HARBOUR MOULDS.
 PROPER CARPET CARE CAN SUPPORT GREEN
CLEANING & HELP IMPROVE INDOOR AIR
QUALITY.
 KEEPING THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT DRY IS
ESSENTIAL FOR HYGIENE .

Demand for carpet cleaning
 Usually carpet cleaning services are
outsourced.
 Daily cleaning is done by HK Dept. & deep
cleaning is given to specialised companies.
 With increasing awareness carpet users
are laying stress on professional cleaning.
Students should find out at least 5 names of such outsourced companies.

Preparation before cleaning
 Collect all equipments & chemicals.
 Block the area.
 Remove furniture’s.

Frequency of cleaning
 Daily Cleaning (routine maintenance) -
superficial cleaning which includes daily
vacuuming of areas at regular intervals.
 Weekly Cleaning- will include spot
cleaning .
 Monthly Cleaning ( periodic maintenance)
- deep cleaning programs.

Deep Cleaning
 Shampooing
 Hot water extraction method / steam extraction
 Dry foam method
 Dry powdering method
 Bonnet cleaning method

Carpet shampooing
 Carpets are
Shampooed with
Machine uniformly.
 All stains are
removed using
detergents and
spotting techniques.
 Spray shampoo
solution or pre-spray
carpet to moisten the
surface.

Carpet shampoo
 Carpet shampoo is a specially-formulated liquid
detergent compound used to clean carpets and rugs.
 Carpet shampoo is often used in conjunction with a
rotary-style carpet cleaning machine or a cylindrical
model which uses compressed air to generate foam
before agitation.
 The general idea of using carpet shampoo is to create a
thick foam which will attract and suspend dirt particles
scrubbed out of the carpet pile. Once this dirty foam has
dried, the residue can be cleaned away.

Wet Extraction
 a hot water cleaning solution is forced into the carpet
and then sucked out of the carpet.
 This method is also referred to as steam cleaning even
though stream is not used.
 Some of the disadvantages of wet extraction are
overwetting, shrinking, streaking, stretched carpet, color
changes, mold/mildew.
 The carpet may take 8 hours to 3 days to dry, depending
on humidity.
 The second carpet cleaning method is called dry
extraction / dry foam method.
 .

Dry foam method
 When a carpet cleaner
uses dry-foam, he applies
shampoo to your carpet,
allows it to dry, and then
sucks the dried shampoo
into a vacuum.
 This method can leave a
residue in your carpet,
which is one reason dry
foam is not very effective.

Bonnet cleaning
 This is another method similar
to 'Shampoo'.
 Bonnet cleaning employs an
absorbent pad ('bonnet')
attached to the bottom of a
rotary machine.
 Detergent solution is sprayed
onto the carpet ad the rotary
pad is used to agitate and
remove the soil suspended in
the solution from the carpet.
 Once one side of the pad gets
soiled, the sides can be
reversed. And when both sides
get soiled, the pad can be
replaced and later cleaned.

dry powder method
 In the dry powder method, absorbent granules
containing dry cleaning solvent are sprinkled over a
section of carpet and worked into the pile by mechanical
or hand brush.
 The dry cleaning solvent dissolves oils
and greasy soil. These are then absorbed by the
granules.
When thoroughly dry, the carpet is vacuumed. A
powerful
vacuum is essential for total removal of cleaning
granules.

Buying considerations
 There are certain primary things that one needs to keep in
mind while carpet shopping.
» Style - wall to wall carpeting requires a different material
and style than an accent carpet or area rug.
» Material - Natural materials, such as wool, cotton and
silk have much greater durability than synthetics.
» Traffic or the purpose of the carpet as per your lifestyle
is another determining factor.
» Selecting the right dealer is as important for an
authentic dealer practically tackles all these problems on
his own and advises accordingly
 budget
 Easy to clean & maintain
 Maintenance cost should be reasonable

DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com ,
balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com