Poverty and Non governmental organisations working for eradication of Poverty

1. Poverty
SUNAYANA N , 18OEL265, NPO

2. poverty
• Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for
a person's basic needs. Poverty may include social, economic, and political
elements. Absolute poverty measures compare income against the amount
needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter.

3. Relative poverty
• Relative poverty measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level
of living standards, compared to others in the same time and
place. Therefore, the floor at which relative poverty is defined varies
from one country to another, or from one society to another.

4. poverty
• Poverty is, by definition, an extremely unpleasant situation to live in so it is not
surprising that people go to considerable lengths to avoid it and try very hard to
escape from poverty once they have sunk into it. Therefore, a cross-sectional
poverty survey ought to find that the group of households sinking into poverty was
larger than the group escaping from poverty since, when income falls people will try
to delay the descent into poverty but, if the income of a poor person increases, she
will quickly try to improve her standard of living.
•

5. measure
In order to avoid overall poverty, you need to have enough money not only to cover all
things mentioned in the absolute poverty list above, but enough money to ensure that
you are able to:
• live in a safe environment/area;
• have a social life in your local area;
• feel part of the local community;
• carry out your duties/activities in the family and neighbourhood and at work;
• meet essential costs of transport.

6. Inequality and social exclusion
• Inequality and social exclusion are widening within many countries, rich and poor
alike. Labour markets are undergoing unprecedented changes driven in large part by
globalization and technical change. Workers with low educational attainment
increasingly find themselves without marketable skills, left unemployed or with
wages at poverty levels. As a result, inequalities of earnings have soared in the past
two decades, undermining the fairness, justice, and even basic human rights in many
societies. Of particular concern is the high youth unemployment in many countries,
rich and poor.

7. causes of poverty
• 1. Demographics – One of the biggest reasons for poverty in India is overpopulation. India is a highly populated
country. The growth of the population in India is way beyond the growth in the economy and the gross result is such
that the poverty figures have remained more or less constant. As far as the rural areas are concerned, the basic size of
the family is bigger which eventually leads to lowering the per capita income values and consequently lowering the
standard of living of an individual.
• 2. Economic – There are many economic reasons behind poverty. These are:
• a. Poor Agricultural Infrastructure – Agriculture is the backbone of the economy in India. India is an agricultural
country. The only area where India lacks is the agricultural infrastructure such as outdated and old farming practices;
obsolete technology and lack of formal agricultural education amongst the farmers. The income is too less for a
farmer to meet the economic needs of his/her family.
• b. Unequal distribution of assets – The Upper and middle-income groups in India see a faster increase in earnings
as compared to the lower-income groups. The scenario in India is such that 80% of the wealth in the country is
controlled by just 20% of the population.
• c. Unemployment – Unemployment is one factor that hugely increases and multiplies the effect of poverty by 10
times. Almost, 77% of families do not have a regular source of income in India.

8. causes of poverty
• 3. Social – The various social issues that contribute largely to poverty are:
• a. Education and illiteracy – Lack of education and growing illiteracy is majorly responsible for poverty in India.
Due to the increase in the illiteracy rates, unemployment rises and resultantly poverty rates increase.
• b. Outdated Social Customs – Social customs like the caste system cause segregation and marginalization of
certain sections of the society also play a major role in spreading poverty.
• c. Gender inequality– India is a country where still today there is discrimination based on gender. The weak status
attached to women is hugely responsible for the poor condition of women.
• d. Corruption – Although the government promises to make considerable efforts now and then to make India
corruption-free the reality is very different. Corruption is deep-rooted in India. It is immensely difficult to make India
corruption-free. Due to the rise in the rates of corruption every hour, poverty is increasing simultaneously.
• 4. Individual – Individual lack of efforts also becomes a huge reason behind the increase in the poverty rates. Some
people are lazy and do not wish to work hard. Such people suffer from poverty due to a lack of personal efforts

9. Effects of Poverty
• Effect on Health – The biggest effect of poverty is poor health. Those
who suffer from poverty do not have access to enough food, adequate
clothing, medical facilities, and clean surroundings. The lack of all these
basic facilities leads to poor health. Such individuals and their families
suffer from malnutrition.

10. Effects on Society
• a. Violence and crime rate
• b. Homelessness
• c. Stress
• d. Child labor
• e. Terrorism
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11. Effect on Economy
• Effect on Economy –Poverty is directly proportional to the success of the
economy. The number of people living in the poverty is reflective of how
powerful is the economy.

12. OXFAM
• The power of people against poverty
• Oxfam is a global movement of people, working together to end the injustice of
poverty. That means we tackle the inequality that keeps people poor. Together,
we save, protect and rebuild lives when disaster strikes. We help people build better
lives for themselves, and for others. we take on issues like land rights, climate change
and discrimination against women. And we won’t stop until every person on the
planet can enjoy life free from poverty.
• Oxfam India is a registered Non-profit under Section 8 of the Indian Companies
Act, 2013.

14. Historic agreement signed by Nike, adidas and
Puma (June 2011)
• On Tuesday 7 June 2011 in Jakarta, Indonesia, Nike, adidas and Puma signed
a protocol which sets out guidelines on the implementation of freedom of
association (FOA) at supplier factories in Indonesia. This is a huge step in
allowing workers producing sportswear to join unions and negotiate for
better wages and conditions. Oxfam Australia’s labour rights team has
supported the FOA protocol negotiation process together with the Play Fair
Alliance for the past two years and will be watching closely to ensure the
protocol is implemented.

15. • best chance of ending the Covid-19 pandemic is to ensure
that everyone, everywhere has access to vaccines, free of
charge. This will only be possible with a transformation in
how vaccines are produced and distributed.
• The Covid-19 vaccines are owned by big pharmaceutical
corporations who are refusing to share the science and tech
that could speed up affordable mass production and
distribution for the entire planet. This is despite that
science being paid for by taxpayers around the world.

16. TRAIL WALKER -
Walk in their shoes
to know what
discrimination feels
like
teams of 4 walk 100kms within 48 hours across
some of the most picturesque, and challenging
trails, while raising funds to help Oxfam in the
fight against inequality. Sounds fun? It is fun,
and much more!
The fact that Oxfam Trailwalker has its roots
dating back to 1981 when Brigadier Mervyn
Lee designed a team training regimen for the
legendary Queen's Gurkha Signals in Hong
Kong, is proof enough to the toughness of the
event.

17. FUNDRAISER
• All the funds raised will
help transform the lives
of those in need.

18. OXFAM 2014
• Oxfam Trailwalker is a
global initiative by Oxfam, being
organised in 17 locations in 9
countries worldwide. Oxfam
Trailwalker India is a property of
Oxfam India.

19. Child labour
• According to data from Census 2011, the number of child labourers
in India is 10.1 million of which 5.6 million are boys and 4.5 million
are girls. A total of 152 million children – 64 million girls and 88
million boys – are estimated to be in child labour globally, accounting
for almost one in ten of all children worldwide.
• Child labour and exploitation are the result of many factors,
including poverty, social norms condoning them, lack of decent
work opportunities for adults and adolescents, migration and
emergencies. These factors are not only the cause but also a
consequence of social inequities reinforced by discrimination

20. • Children belong in schools not
workplaces. Child labour deprives
children of their right to go to school
and reinforces intergenerational
cycles of poverty. Child labour acts
as a major barrier to education,
affecting both attendance and
performance in school.

21. • UNICEF works with government and for-profit agencies to put in place the
necessary policy framework to end child labour. It works with businesses to
assess the supply chains and to find sustainable options to address business
practices that lead to child labour. It works with families to support the
ending of labour that is a result of bonded or debt labour.
• UNICEF supports state governments to integrate programmes that would
end child labour. We also support communities in changing their cultural
acceptance of child labour, while ensuring alternative income to families,
access to preschools, quality education and protection services.

22. • Kailash Satyarthi
The Nobel Peace Prize 2014
Kailash Satyarthi
Malala Yousafzai

23. Life
• Kailash Satyarthi was born in the Vidisha district of
Madhya Pradesh in India. After completing an electrical
engineering degree, he worked as a teacher in the area. In
1980, he left teaching and founded the organization
Bachpan Bachao Andolan, which has freed thousands of
children from slave-like conditions. He has also been
active in a wide range of other organizations working
against child labor and for children's rights to education.
Kailash Satyarthi is married and has a son and a daughter.

24. Bachpan Bachao Andolan
• Bachpan Bachao Andolan (BBA; Save Childhood
Movement) is an India-based movement campaigning
for the rights of children. It was started in 1980 by
Nobel Laureate Mr. Kailash Satyarthi. Its focus has
centred on ending bonded labour, child labour and
human trafficking, as well as demanding the right to
education for all children. It has so far freed more
than 88,000 children from the servitude, including
bonded labourers, and helped in their successful re-
integration, rehabilitation and education

25. The work

26. prevention, protection and rehabilitation
Prevention is encouraged through community intervention. . The BBA's Child-
Friendly Village program (in Hindi, Bal Mitra Gram, or BMG), has been accepted as a
best practice model for development and elimination of child labour and trafficking.
Protection: BBA works to recover fines from employers and traffickers and also to
obtain monies owed to those whose labour has been used.[5]
Rehabilitation: BBA tries to ensure that rehabilitation remains the responsibility of the
State (Govt.). Statutory rehabilitation is one of the key components of legal action.
This includes a fine of 20,000 Rs. on the employer, in cases of child labour, a further
compensation of Rs. 20,000 from the Govt., apart from other Govt. social welfare
schemes.

27. Public Interest Litigations
BBA works on policy and legislative changes through effectively
implementing the legal process and approaching the Supreme
Court of India or various High Courts for making and enforcing
policies in favour of children.
• Upholding the Constitutional validity of Right to Education
• Prohibition of employment of children in Circuses
• Recovery of fines and cancellation/ sealing of establishments
employing child labourers.
• Protection of girls being trafficked through unregulated
placement agencies.