3. The word topography is derived from two Greek
Words topos & graphia.
Topos = place Graphia = writing
The configuration of a surface including its relief
and position of its natural and man-made
features is called topography.
4. Objective
To determine the position of any feature such
as latitude, longitude and altitude.
To identifying features and recognizing typical
landforms patterns.
A topographic study may be made for military
planning and geological exploration.
5. Techniques of topography
Techniques of topography depend on;
The scale and size of the area under study.
Accessibility of the area.
The quality of existing surveys.
Direct survey
Remote sensing
6. Forms of topographic data
Raw survey data
Remote sensing data
Topographic mapping
Digital elevation modeling
Topological modeling
26. Effect of slope on soil genesis
Slope controls the following soil properties
within a specific geographic region:
Depth of the solum
Thickness & organic matter content of the
horizon
Relative wetness of the profile
27. Colour of the profile
Degree of horizon differentiation
Soluble salt content
Kind and degree of pan development
Temperature
Character of the initial material