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C H A P T E R THIRTY

                                     QUICK BREADS




                              “  When I am in trouble, eating is the only thing that consoles me.
                                   …At the present I am eating muffins because I am unhappy.



                                                                                                          ”
                                                     Besides, I am particularly fond of muffins.
                                                      – Oscar Wilde, Irish dramatist and writer (1854-1900)




                                                                                                      Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                                                                  publishing as Pearson [imprint]
Labensky • Hause • Martel
After studying this unit                                                                                   2




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   You will be able to:
     – Use chemical leavening agents properly
     – Prepare a variety of quick breads using the
       biscuit method, muffin method and creaming
       method
     – Prepare a variety of griddle cakes, pancakes
       and waffles




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Quick Breads                                                                                               3




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Tender products with a soft crumb
   To keep gluten development to a minimum, flour is
    mixed in swiftly and gently
   Made with chemical leavening agents




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Chemical Leavening Agents                                                                                  4




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Baking soda
   Baking powder
     – Single-acting
     – Double-acting
   Baking ammonia




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Mixing Methods                                                                                             5




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   The mixing method that is employed is directly
    related to the type and consistency of the fat used
    in the recipe




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Biscuit Method                                                                                             6




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Cold solid fat is used
   Creates products that are light and flaky
     – Biscuits
     – Scones
     – Shortcakes




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Biscuit Method                                                                                              7




                                                                                                 QUICK BREADS
   Measure all ingredients
   Sift the dry ingredients together
   Cut in the cold, solid fat
   Combine the liquid ingredients, including any eggs
   Add liquid ingredients to dry
     – Mix just until ingredients are combined
   Place dough on the bench and knead lightly 10-15 times
     – Dough should be soft
     – Too much kneading toughens the dough




                                                           Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
     On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                       publishing as Pearson [imprint]
     Labensky • Hause • Martel
Muffin Method                                                                                              8




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Oil or melted fats are used
   Creates tender, cakelike baked goods
     – Muffins
     – Loaves




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Muffin Method                                                                                               9




                                                                                                 QUICK BREADS
   Measure all ingredients
   Sift dry ingredients together
   Combine liquid ingredients, including melted fat or oil
   Add the liquid to the dry ingredients and stir to combine
     – Do not overmix
     – The batter will be lumpy
   The batter is now ready for makeup and baking




                                                           Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
     On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                       publishing as Pearson [imprint]
     Labensky • Hause • Martel
Creaming Method                                                                                       10




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Soft but not liquid fats are used
   Comparable to the mixing method used for butter
    cakes
   Final product is cakelike with a fine texture
     – Muffins
     – Loaves




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Creaming Method                                                                                       11




                                                                                                QUICK BREADS
   Measure all ingredients
   Sift dry ingredients together
   Combine softened fat and sugar in a mixer bowl
     – Low speed until color lightens and mixture fluffs
   Add eggs gradually; mix well
   Add dry and liquid ingredients alternately
   The batter is now ready for makeup and baking




                                                          Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
    On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                      publishing as Pearson [imprint]
    Labensky • Hause • Martel
Troubleshooting Chart                                                                                                        12




                                                                                                                       QUICK BREADS
Problem                                                    Cause

Soapy bitter flavor                                        Chemical leavening not properly mixed
                                                           Too much baking soda
                                                           Overmixing
Elongated holes (tunneling)
                                                           Too much sugar
Crust too thick                                            Oven temperature too low

Flat top with only small peak in center                    Oven temperature too low

Cracked, uneven top                                        Oven temperature too high

No rise, dense product                                     Old batter
                                                           Damaged leavening agent
                                                           Overmixing




                                                                                 Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
     On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e
                                                                                             publishing as Pearson [imprint]
     Labensky • Hause • Martel

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Chapter 30

  • 1. C H A P T E R THIRTY QUICK BREADS “ When I am in trouble, eating is the only thing that consoles me. …At the present I am eating muffins because I am unhappy. ” Besides, I am particularly fond of muffins. – Oscar Wilde, Irish dramatist and writer (1854-1900) Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 2. After studying this unit 2 QUICK BREADS  You will be able to: – Use chemical leavening agents properly – Prepare a variety of quick breads using the biscuit method, muffin method and creaming method – Prepare a variety of griddle cakes, pancakes and waffles Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 3. Quick Breads 3 QUICK BREADS  Tender products with a soft crumb  To keep gluten development to a minimum, flour is mixed in swiftly and gently  Made with chemical leavening agents Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 4. Chemical Leavening Agents 4 QUICK BREADS  Baking soda  Baking powder – Single-acting – Double-acting  Baking ammonia Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 5. Mixing Methods 5 QUICK BREADS  The mixing method that is employed is directly related to the type and consistency of the fat used in the recipe Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 6. Biscuit Method 6 QUICK BREADS  Cold solid fat is used  Creates products that are light and flaky – Biscuits – Scones – Shortcakes Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 7. Biscuit Method 7 QUICK BREADS  Measure all ingredients  Sift the dry ingredients together  Cut in the cold, solid fat  Combine the liquid ingredients, including any eggs  Add liquid ingredients to dry – Mix just until ingredients are combined  Place dough on the bench and knead lightly 10-15 times – Dough should be soft – Too much kneading toughens the dough Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 8. Muffin Method 8 QUICK BREADS  Oil or melted fats are used  Creates tender, cakelike baked goods – Muffins – Loaves Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 9. Muffin Method 9 QUICK BREADS  Measure all ingredients  Sift dry ingredients together  Combine liquid ingredients, including melted fat or oil  Add the liquid to the dry ingredients and stir to combine – Do not overmix – The batter will be lumpy  The batter is now ready for makeup and baking Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 10. Creaming Method 10 QUICK BREADS  Soft but not liquid fats are used  Comparable to the mixing method used for butter cakes  Final product is cakelike with a fine texture – Muffins – Loaves Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 11. Creaming Method 11 QUICK BREADS  Measure all ingredients  Sift dry ingredients together  Combine softened fat and sugar in a mixer bowl – Low speed until color lightens and mixture fluffs  Add eggs gradually; mix well  Add dry and liquid ingredients alternately  The batter is now ready for makeup and baking Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel
  • 12. Troubleshooting Chart 12 QUICK BREADS Problem Cause Soapy bitter flavor Chemical leavening not properly mixed Too much baking soda Overmixing Elongated holes (tunneling) Too much sugar Crust too thick Oven temperature too low Flat top with only small peak in center Oven temperature too low Cracked, uneven top Oven temperature too high No rise, dense product Old batter Damaged leavening agent Overmixing Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 5e publishing as Pearson [imprint] Labensky • Hause • Martel