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Pedestrian Safety in Construction
- 2. This Presentation Will Discuss: Covered walkways: sidewalk -Specifications and drawings, ADA compliance, and roof height, width and lighting Open walkways: sidewalk -Construction facing side and width and modification request Complete closure walkways -Special approval and directional signs at crosswalk, signs at ends of work zones and audible signals
- 12. This Presentation Discussed: Covered walkways: sidewalk -Specifications and drawings, ADA compliance, and roofs, height, width and lighting Open walkways: sidewalk -Construction facing side and width and modification request Complete closure walkways -Special approval and directional signs at crosswalk, signs at ends of work zones and audible signals
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Nationally recognized guidelines for street and highway design recommend that sidewalks be constructed in areas with pedestrian activity, especially in residential and school areas. Federal policy dictates that, “walking facilities will be incorporated into all transportation projects unless exceptional circumstances exist” (FHWA, 2000). The Federal Highway Administration urges state and local jurisdictions to revise programs to better construct and maintain an accessible pedestrian network.
- Hello Freddy. This is Steven Andrews, James Gallion, Stephanie Robbins, and Jenny Todd. We are going to discuss safety procedures for pedestrian construction for covered walkways; highlighting the specifications and drawings, ADA compliance, roofs, height, width, and lighting. We are also going to discuss open walkway safety; regarding the construction facing side, the width and modification requests. Last but not least, we will discuss complete closure walkways; emphasizing special approval and directional signs at crosswalks, signs at the ends of work zones and audible signals.
- Covered walkways do their job during rush hour however, it creates a potentially dangerous dark alley for people walking home once the sun has set. Improvements such as, lighting, mirrors, and perhaps periodic openings for egress are all necessary attributes for a workable temporary walkway. These considerations will be even more important if this walkway is still there in the late fall, when the sun sets before the commute has ended. I think the designers of this covered walkway had “saving money” on their agenda when this walkway was constructed, as they failed to add lighting for pedestrians that might need to utilize this walkway at night.
- Specifications and Drawings: Specifications and drawings of the covered walkway must be submitted with the traffic control plan and the public space occupancy permit application. The drawings must show the side view, front view and cross section of the covered walkway and must be stamped and signed by a “Professional Engineer” licensed by that city and state in which the work is be conducted. If and when the published specifications and standard drawings are stamped and signed by the Chief Engineer, these drawings may be used with the application. A traffic control plan for the construction of the covered walkway must also be provided with the application.
- In order to improve transportation systems for people with disabilities, accessibility should be integrated into the project planning process. ADA Compliance: All covered walkways constructed under this section must provide an accessible pedestrian route in accordance with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This includes, but is not limited to: constructing structural floors when required, that have a firm, stable and slip resistant surface, and that is compliant in slope, counter slope, vertical clearances, turning radii and surface discontinuities; providing compliant ramps connecting the structural floor to an existing pedestrian accessible route; and implementing sufficient measures to ensure the safety and welfare of the pedestrian(s) traversing the site. Also, all ramps with a rise greater than six inches shall be constructed with handrails on both sides of the ramp.
- Roof: Roofs of covered walkways shall consist of planking no less than the industry standard nominal thickness of 2”, be closely laid, made water tight, and covered with exterior grade fire resistant plywood. All sill plates and posts shall be “Ground Contact” rated pressure-preservative treated material. All fasteners shall be galvanized steel. The roof shall be designed to carry a live load of at least 200lbs/square foot. For covered walkways adjacent to buildings 100’ or less in height, the roof shall be designed to carry a live load of at least 150lbs/square foot. Height: Covered walkways shall have a clear and unobstructed ceiling height of not less than 8’. Width: Covered walkways shall have a clear unobstructed width of not less than 8’ in the “Central Business District” and 6’ in all other areas. Width is to be measured from wall to wall and not from handrail to wall or handrail to handrail. Additionally, the walkway shall not allow unprotected passage along the sidewalk on either side of the covered walkway. Lighting: The interior of the covered walkway shall be lighted at all times. Lights shall be installed on the ceiling and the level of illumination shall be the equivalent of that produced by 100 watt, 1,700 lumen minimum, standard incandescent lamps enclosed in vandal-resistant fixtures and spaced 15’ apart and 8’ above the floor level. The lights must be left on overnight and all lighting shall be inspected nightly, and replaced if it is burned out or inoperative
- Construction Facing Side: The construction facing side of an open walkway must be separated from the adjacent work zone by a chain link fence or other similar barrier. Any gate in the fence must swing inward toward the work zone and the fence must be properly anchored but cannot be bolted or attached in any similar manner into the sidewalk. Additionally, light debris mesh shall be used when necessary. However, no light debris mesh shall be installed within 30’ of the intersection of two roadways. Width: Also, the walkway must maintain a minimum of 8’ of unobstructed sidewalk width in the “Central Business District,” 6’ in all other areas.
- Modification Requests: All standards are subject to modification based on site specific conditions. Requests for modification must be made in writing with the submission of the traffic control plan and must explain the exact modification requested and the site-specific conditions for requesting the modification. Once approved, no modifications are allowed without the prior written approval of the work zone technician that approved the traffic control plan. In cases where, in the professional judgment of the site superintendent or his or her designee, field modification is required to prevent an imminent threat to public health or safety, field modifications are allowed. In such cases the work zone technician that approved the traffic control plan must be notified of the change within 24 hours and a traffic control plan showing the change must be submitted to that work zone technician with 72 hours. The work zone technician must either approve or disapprove the request in writing. If the change is approved, then the new traffic control plan becomes a part of the permit already issued for the original traffic control plan. If the work zone technician determines that the change is not required, then the superintendent or his or her designee must return the work zone to its original approved condition.
- This fully closed walkway received special approval due to the frigid winter weather. Special Approval: When closing a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway with more than two travel lanes and where at least one end of the sidewalk closure is more than 150’ from the nearest signalized crosswalk, the Traffic Control Plan showing the closure of the sidewalk requires the written approval of the “Department of Transportation Pedestrian Program” Coordinator or work zone technician assigned to review the traffic control plan.
- Directional Signs at Crosswalks: Regarding directional signs at crosswalks, you must provide Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)-compliant signs at nearest crosswalk on both sides of the work zone notifying pedestrians the sidewalk is closed ahead and directing them to cross. Signs at Ends of Work Zones: It is also necessary to provide MUTCD-compliant signs at ends of work zones notifying pedestrians of sidewalk closure. Audible Signals: DOT encourages the contracting and development communities to use audible signals at the approach sides of a sidewalk closure. Audible signals alert pedestrians with visual impairments that the sidewalk is closed ahead although audible signals are not a requirement of sidewalk closures.
- Sidewalks are critical transportation routes for communities. They allow pedestrians to travel from one place to another, stimulate business districts by encouraging leisure shopping, and keep communities safe by providing more activity on the street. Integrating pedestrians, including those pedestrians with disabilities, into the project planning process is critical to the success of a transportation network. Too often transportation policies focus on the needs of motorists and do not consider the needs of pedestrians. Similarly, accessibility is often thought of as a separate issue to be addressed after the planning and development process is complete. There shall be a sidewalk on at least one side of every street or roadway where pedestrians are legally permitted and all new street designs shall include sidewalks on both sides of the street.
- In conclusion, we have just discussed safety procedures for pedestrian construction for covered walkways; highlighting the specifications and drawings, ADA compliance, roofs, height, width, and lighting. We also discussed open walkway safety; regarding the construction facing side, the width and modification requests. Lastly, we discussed complete closure walkways; emphasizing special approval and directional signs at crosswalks, signs at the ends of work zones and audible signals. We hope you now have a better understanding of pedestrian safety in construction and you appreciate the importance of safe and accessible walkways. Thank you