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INT-244 Topic 1d Protestant Christianity
- 2. Latin Vulgate Translated 500 AD Authorized Translation
- 3. Erasmus 1469 - 1536 • Rotterdam, Netherlands • Published a Hebrew Old Testament • And a Greek New Testament 24
- 4. Novum Instrumentum omne , 1516 Novum Instrumentum omne
- 5. GREEK TEXT LATIN TEXT Novum Instrumentum omne
- 6. Martin Luther 1483 - 1546 Augustinian Monk
- 7. Martin Luther 1512 • Professor of Theology • Wittenberg University • Studied NT in the original Greek
- 9. Theological Questions 1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only true Church? What about the Eastern Orthodox Church who have the original Greek NT
- 10. Theological Questions 1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church? 2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ? What about when there were 2 Popes?
- 11. Theological Questions 1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church? 2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ? 3. Does the Pope have the authority to free souls from Purgatory? Then why doesn’t he absolve all Christians from sin and save them?
- 12. Theological Questions 1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church? 2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ? 3. Does the Pope have the authority to free souls from Purgatory? 4. How is a person saved from their sins?
- 13. ⸀λογιζ ό µεθα ⸁γ ὰ ρ δικαιο ῦ σθαι ⸂π ί στει ἄ νθρωπον⸃ χωρ ὶ ς ἔ ργων ν ό µου. For we hold that one is justi fi ed by faith, apart from works of the law (ESV) For we account a man be justi fi ed by faith without the works of the law (Vulg) Romans 3:28
- 14. ⸀λογιζ ό µεθα ⸁γ ὰ ρ δικαιο ῦ σθαι ⸂π ί στει ἄ νθρωπον⸃ χωρ ὶ ς ἔ ργων ν ό µου. For we hold that one is justi fi ed by faith, apart from works of the law (ESV) For we account a man be justi fi ed by faith without the works of the law (Vulg) Romans 3:28
- 15. For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast. (Eph 2:8-9 ESV)
- 16. WORKS MERIT Salvation Grace imparted through the Sacraments Salvation Salvation Salvation Grace
- 17. WORKS MERIT Salvation As Christian receives grace, empowered to righteous works Salvation Salvation Salvation Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace
- 18. WORKS MERIT Salvation Acquiring Salvation at the end of their life Salvation Salvation Salvation Our Earned Merit
- 19. Salvation Luther’s Interpretation of Paul Salvation Salvation Salvation Saving Faith WORKS MERIT
- 20. Salvation Luther’s Interpretation of Paul Salvation Salvation Salvation Saving Faith WORKS MERIT C h r i s t ’ s M e r i t
- 21. 95 Thesis 31 October 1517 Wittenberg Church Door
- 22. Protestant Christianity 1. Bible alone 2. Faith alone 3. Priesthood of all Christians 4. Rejected purgatory 5. Rejected papal authority 6. Rejected veneration of saints 7. Two sacraments: Baptism & Communion 8. Church is ALL Christians
- 23. The Five Solas 1. Bible alone — Sola Scriptura 2. Faith alone — Sola Fide 3. Grace alone — Sola Gratia 4. Christ alone — Sola Christos 5. Glory to God alone — Soli Dei Gloria
- 25. Lutheran Church Martin Luther (1483-1546)
- 27. Lutheran • Bread and wine “contain” the body and blood of Christ • Baptism imparts grace (when there is faith)
- 28. Mennonite Churches Mennonite, Amish Menno Simons (1496-1561)
- 29. Anabaptists (Mennonites) • Believers Baptism (rejected infant baptism) • Church is independent of the State
- 31. Reform Churches Presbyterian Churches Christian Reform Churches John Calvin (1509 - 1564)
- 32. Calvinism • God elects who will be saved (predestination) • God elects who will NOT be saved (double predestination) • Christ only died for those who will be saved (limited atonement) • Christians cannot lose their salvation • Bread and Wine are only symbolic
- 33. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Reformed Church
- 34. Church of England Asked Pope to annul marriage To Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn and have an heir. King Henry VIII
- 35. Church of England Pope refused. Founded Church of England 3 November 1534 King Henry VIII
- 36. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Reform Church Episcopal Church
- 37. Methodist Church Methodist Churches Holiness Churches Church of the Nazarene John Wesley (1703-1791)
- 38. Methodism • Personal experience of conversion • Salvation is a personal choice • A person can lose their salvation • Sancti fi cation is a second experience AFTER conversion
- 39. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Episcopal Church Methodist Church John Wesley Reformed Church
- 40. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Episcopal Church Holiness Church Methodist Church John Wesley Pentecostalism Reformed Church
- 41. Puritan Churches First churches in New England Congregational Churches William Perkins (1558-1602)
- 42. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Reform Church Episcopal Church Holiness Church Methodist Church Pentecostal Church John Wesley Baptists Congregationalists Puritanism Brethren
- 43. Restoration Movement Church of Christ Disciples of Christ Alexander Campbell (1788 - 1866)
- 44. Restoration Movement • Bible Alone (no traditions) • Must be believers baptized by immersion to be saved • No Pastors. Everyone’s Equal • No denominations. All churches are autonomous • Refuse to fellowship with other churches
- 45. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Reformed Church Episcopal Church Holiness Church Methodist Church Pentecostal Church John Wesley Baptists Congregationalists Puritanism Brethren Restorationists Disciples of Christ Church of Christ America
- 46. Protestant Church Martin Luther John Calvin Church of England Anabaptists Free Church Lutherans Presbyterian Church Episcopal Church Holiness Church Methodist Church Pentecostal Church John Wesley Baptists Congregationalists Puritanism Brethren Restorationists Disciples of Christ Church of Christ Seventh Day Adventists America Reformed Church
- 48. Liberal Christianity • Father of Liberal Theology • Christianity is about feeling • Christianity is not about creeds • Bible is not a historical book • You cannot know anything from miracles Friedrich Schleiermacher 1768-1834
- 49. DeMythologize the Bible • The message of Scripture is cloaked in mythology. • Our job is to deMythologize the message of Scripture Rudolf Bultmann 1884-1976
- 50. BBC, 2011 “The Weekly”
- 51. What is a Liberal (Mainline) Protestant Church Like?
- 52. Mainline Protestant Church • Adhere to the historical Christian Creeds • Practice the historical Christian traditions
- 53. Mainline Protestant Church • Stress social justice • Stress moral teachings of Jesus • Stress religious feeling, moral duty • Promote inclusive Christianity
- 54. Mainline Protestant Church • Reject the historicity of the Bible • Rejects miracles and supernatural or • You cannot know anything from miracles
- 55. Mainline Protestant Church • Preach an Easter Message • But reject literal resurrection of Christ
- 59. Con fl ict between Science & Religion
- 60. The Fundamentals R. A. Torrey, 1909 Four Volumes on Core Christian Beliefs Adherents were called Fundamentalists
- 61. Early Fundamentalism (1909 - 1942) • Withdrawal from Culture • Refusal to engage with science and academics • Refusal to fellowship with mainline Christianity • Promotion of Anti-intellectualism
- 62. Evangelicalism Harold Ockenga, 1942 National Association of Evangelicals
- 63. Modern Evangelicalism (1942 - 2000) • Engagement with Culture • Engagement with science and academics • Engagement with mainline Christianity • Promotion of Scholarship, academics, and learning
- 64. Evangelical Schools • Biola University (1908) • Dallas Theological Seminary (1924) • Fuller Theological Seminary (1947) • Grand Canyon University (1949)
- 65. Billy Graham 1918 - 2018 Los Angeles Crusade, 1949 300,000 attended 3,000 converted
- 66. Billy Graham Founded Christianity Today Lausanne Consultation for World Evangelism (LCWE)
- 68. The Religious Right Moral Majority, founded 1979 Jerry Fallwell, Pat Robertson Targeted Evangelicals.
- 69. Evangelicalism & Conservatism By 1990s Evangelicalism became equated with Political Conservatism
- 71. The Evangelical Quadrilateral 1. Conversionism - People must be “born-again” to be saved 2. Biblicism - Bible is the ultimate authority for faith and practice 3. Activism - Expression of the gospel through missionary work 4. Crucicentrism - Centrality of the work of Christ on the cross Bebbington, David. (1989). Evangelicals in modern Britain. Routledge
- 72. Chicago statement on Biblical Inerrancy (1978) Biblical inerrancy is the doctrinal position that in its original form, the Bible is totally without error, and free from all contradiction; referring to the complete accuracy of Scripture, including the historical and scienti fi c parts. Biblical Inerrancy. (2022, January 21). New World Encyclopedia, . https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Biblical_Inerrancy&oldid=1063349.
- 73. Evangelicalism in Transition Split over Christian Nationalism Split over extreme conservative social positions Split over Trump administration
- 74. Evangelicals Mainline Unaf fi liated Catholic Ten Year Decline of Evangelical Christians Pew Religion & Public Life (2022). Pew Research Center % of Americans
- 75. Evangelicals Mainline Catholic Ten Year Decline of Evangelical Christians Pew Religion & Public Life (2022). Pew Research Center % of Americans Mainline Churches Grew faster than Evangelicals
- 77. Holiness Church Wesley taught there was a second experience after salvation called “Holiness” Holiness movement great in 1800s Holiness movement interracial movement
- 78. Azusa Street Revival 1906 Downtown Los Angeles William Joseph Seymour (1870-1922)
- 79. Apostolic Faith Mission 312 Azusa Street, Los Angeles 1,000 interracial attendance
- 80. Revival broke out April 6, 1906 Everyone began speaking in tongues
- 81. Amy Simple McPherson 1890-1944 Founded Angeles Temple in Los Angeles Founder of Foursquare international
- 82. Pentecostal Denominations • Foursquare International • Assemblies of God • Church of God In Christ • United Pentecostal Church
- 83. Pentecostal Theology 1. Baptism of the Holy Spirit as 2nd Work 2. Evidence is Speaking in tongues 3. Prophecy and Healing 4. Miraculous signs normal part of worship 5. Continuing Revelation (but not to Bible)
- 84. Pentecostal Churches • Egalitarian — Equality between women and men • Interracial — Unites Black and White Christians • Socially Concerned — poverty, sickness, food insecurity
- 85. Charismatic Movement (1970s) • Pentecostal church attendance grew rapidly • Charismatic Movement spread to mainline Christianity • Pentecostal seminaries and Bible colleges founded
- 89. Conservative Mainline Conservative / Evangelical Bible has errors Not historically accurate Other ways of salvation
- 90. Conservative Mainline Conservative / Evangelical Bible has errors Not historically accurate Other ways of salvation Bible is without error Historically accurate Only way of salvation
- 91. Conservative Mainline Denominational Splits Lutheran (ELCA) Presbyterian (PCUSA) American Baptist United Methodist Lutheran (LCMS) Presbyterian (PCA) Southern Baptist Church of Nazarene
- 92. Conservative Mainline Seminary Splits Princeton Seminary (Presbyterian) Drew Theological (Methodist) Northern Baptist Seminary (Baptist) Westminster Seminary Asbury Seminary Southern Theological
- 94. Contemporary (Low Church) Liturgical (High Church) Liturgical v Contemporary
- 95. Contemporary (Low Church) Liturgical (High Church) Liturgical v Contemporary Traditional Hymns Liturgical Prayers Ornate services Hierarchical Leadership Contemporary Songs Impromptu Prayers Informal services Flat leaderships
- 96. Contemporary (Low Church) Liturgical (High Church) Liturgical v Contemporary Traditional Hymns Liturgical Prayers Ornate services Hierarchical Leadership Contemporary Worship Impromptu Prayer Informal services Flatter Leadership
- 97. High Church (Liturgical) Low Church (Non-Liturgical) Mainline Evangelical Lutheran (LCMS) Presbyterian (PCA, EPA, OPC) Lutheran (ELCA) Presbyterian (PCUSA) Episcopal Church United Methodist Anglican Church Baptist (Southern, Indep.) Baptist (American) Pentecostal Quakers Free Methodist Disciples of Christ Church of Christ