1. Part 5
Why Should I Trust the

2. Dan Brown, Author

4. DaVinci Code (2006)

5. Part 4
Why should I trust the Bible
1. Mistranslated/Miscopied
2. Not Historical
3. Picked by a committee
4. Contradicts
5. Written by Men

6. 1. Miscopied &
Mistranslated

7. The bible was translated, re-
translated, and re-translated; copied,
re-copied, and re-copied so that what
we have today is different from what
they wrote

8. The Telephone Game!

9. How we got the Bible

10. Old Testament
Autographs
Hebrew MSS
Greek LXX
Dead Sea Scrolls
Greek
OT
Hebrew OT
Latin Bible
1400 - 400 BC 100 BC - 100 AD 400 AD 2021 AD
Old Testament

11. NT Autographs
Greek NT
Manuscripts
Latin Bible
Greek NT
Coptic NT
Syriac
50 - 90 AD 100 - 200 AD 400 AD
New Testament

12. OT Autographs
NT Autographs Greek NT MSS
Hebrew MSS
Greek OT
Dead Sea Scrolls
Latin Bible
Modern
Bibles
Modern Bibles

13. Citations of the OT & NT
OT Citations in
Prayer Books
200 AD
OT Citations in
The Talmud
200 - 500 AD
OT Citations in
The New Testament
50 - 90 AD
NT Citations in the
Ante/Post Nicene Fathers
200 - 500 AD
OT Citations in
Pseudepirapha
300 BC - 100 AD
NT Citations in the
Ancient Church Liturgy
200 - 500 AD
Old Testament New Testament

14. ESV (2011) Oldest Copy of King James Bible, 1611

15. Leningrad Codex, National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, 1008 AD
Masoretic Text, 600 AD

16. Aleppo Codex, Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 900 AD
Masoretic Text, 600 AD

17. Codex Amiatinus, Latin Vulgate, British Museum 700 AD
Latin Vulgate 400 AD

18. Codex Sinaiticus, British Museum 330 AD
Greek Septuagint 100 BC

19. Great Isaiah Scroll (Q1 Isa a), Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 300 BC

20. Compare Historical Documents
Author Date
Earliest
Copy
# Copies Author Date
Earliest
Copy
# Copies
Plato 100 BC 900 AD 7 Herodotus 400 BC 900 AD 8
Homer 300 BC 1100 AD 643 Josephus 80 AD 1050 AD 120
Julius
Caesar
100 BC 900 AD 10
NT
Greek
90 AD 200 AD 5,800
Aristotle 300 BC 1100 AD 5
NT
Other
90 AD 400 AD 19,300
Tacitus 100 AD 1100 AD 20

21. With so many copies of the Bible
How can you tell which reading is
the original one?

22. • Which copy of the Gettysburg
address contains the original
reading of Lincoln’s speech?
Which copy is a forgery?
Gettysburg Address 19 November 1863

23. Nicolay Copy (1863)
It is rather for us, the
living…
…and that government of
the people by the people
for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

24. Nicolay Copy
Library of Congress (1863)
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived
in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal".
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so
dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We come to dedicate a
portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in
all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not
hallow, this ground -- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while
it can never forget what they did here.
It is rather for us, the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that, from
these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full
measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation,
shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

25. Hay Copy
Library of Congress (1863)
It is for us, the living…
and that this government of
the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish
from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

26. Hay Copy
Library of Congress (1863)
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty,
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated,
can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a
final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper
that we should do this.
But in a larger sense we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow this ground. The brave
men, living and dead, who struggled, here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly
carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom;
and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

27. Bancroft Copy
Cornell University (1864)
It is for us the living, rather…
—that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of
freedom, and that government of
the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from
the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

28. Bancroft Copy
Cornell University (1864)
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-
place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living
and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor
long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far
so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom,
and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

29. Everett Copy
Illinois State Historical Library
It is for us, the living, rather…
—that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that government
of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from
the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

30. Everett Copy
Illinois State Historical Library
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can
long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should
do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men,
living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here, have, thus far, so
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—
and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

31. Bliss copy
White House(1864)
It is rather for us to be here …
—that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that government
of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from
the earth.
https://www.sethkaller.com/freedomdocuments/gettysburg-address/

32. Bliss Copy
White House (1864)
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated
can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as
a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper
that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave
men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the
living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html

33. Gettysburg
Address
Back of the Envelope copy (nd)
It is for us the living, rather…
that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that
government of the people, by
the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth.
https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000717/

34. Gettysburg
Address
Back of the Envelope copy (nd)
Fake
Missouri Museum
reproduction
Of the Bliss copy
https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000717/

35. Gettysburg
Address
Bliss Copy (1864)
Believed to be actual
speech because:
1. Eye witness testimony that
Lincoln said “under God”
2. Written after the speech by
Lincoln claiming to be what he
said and not what he wrote.
https://www.sethkaller.com/freedomdocuments/gettysburg-address/

36. 2. Not Historical

37. The Exodus Story

38. Ten Commandments (1956)

39. Passover is a Myth
Rabbi David Wolpe, Mt. Sinai Temple, Los
Angeles
Virtually every modern archaeologist who
has investigated the story of the Exodus,
with very few exceptions, agrees that the
way the Bible describes the Exodus is not
the way it happened, if it happened at
all…It’s a well-known fact that millions of
Jews have doubts about the literal
veracity of Bible stories…I wanted the
millions of doubting Jews to know that
they can still be faithful Jews
If scholarly books are written that
question the literal veracity of Bible
stories, it does not help our credibility to
pretend that they don't exist
(Los Angeles Times, April, 2001)

40. Passover is a Myth
Israel Finkelstein,
Archaeologist
The Exodus story was written
during the time of King Josiah of
Judah in the 7th Century, 600 years
after the Exodus supposedly
occurred.”
(The Bible Unearthed, 2002)

41. David Rohl,
Exodus Myth or History (2015)

45. Semitic House in Avaris
1858 BC https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/

46. Kahun Semitic Settlement dated 1450 BC

47. Brooklyn Papyrus
1800 BC
https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/

48. Yahweh inscription
in Upper Egypt
1400 BC
https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/

49. Ipuwer Papyrus
1570-1069 BC
https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/

50. Avaris Plague Burial Pit (1450 BC)

51. Jericho (9,000 BC to Present)
Invasion of Canaan

52. Merneptah Stele
1200 BC

53. Amarna Letter Canaanite King Akhenaten to Pharaoh Amenhotep III
help against the invading Hapiru Army (1380 BC)

54. Excavation of Hazor 1400 BC

55. Kathleen Kenyon
(1906 - 1978)

56. Digging Up Jericho
(1957)

57. Tel Jericho, Archaeological Site

58. Balaam Insription
KAI 312
Deir ‘alla Jordan
800 BC

59. Balaam Inscription
Del ‘alla, Jordan (800 BC)
The gods came to Balaam at night.
And he beheld a vision in accordance with their utterance.
The people came to Balaam, son of Beor: and asked "So what will happen? Will
anybody survive the curse?” Balaam reported his vision to his friends: Then he
said to them: "Be seated, and I will relate to you what El Shaddai has planned,
“The gods had a meeting and decided to close up the heavens, spread out
darkness, and disaster shall come upon the nation. Heed the warning of the
gods.” And then disaster came upon the entire nation as he prophesied.
https://www.livius.org/sources/content/deir-alla-inscription/

60. Proclamation of
Cyrus of Persia

61. In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia…the
LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus …so that he
made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom
and also put it in writing: “Thus says Cyrus king
of Persia: The LORD, the God of heaven has
…charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem,
which is in Judah. Whoever is among you of all
his people, may his God be with him, and let him
go up to Jerusalem
(Ezra 1:1–3 ESV)

62. Cyrus Cylinder 530 BC