C and Data Structures

SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com

Computer Programming Lab Solutions
(as per JNTU Hyderabad Syllabus)

Prepared by

Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
Full Time Research Scholar, CSE Department,
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY, TAMIL NADU,
Date: February 01, 2013, Phone: 08220 172 182 (TN), 09490 456 987 (AP),
Email: SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Week I (a) Write a program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num,d,sum,temp;

printf("nEnter a positive integer : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
sum=0;
while(num)
{
d=num%10;
sum=sum+d;
num/=10;
}
printf("nSum of digits of %d is %d",temp,sum);
}

Enter a positive integer : 1234

Sum of digits of 1234 is 10

Srinivas Reddy Amedapu, Full Time Research Scholar, CSE Department
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY, TAMIL NADU 1

Week I (b) A Fibonacci Sequence is defined as follows: the first and second terms in the sequence are
0 and 1. Subsequent terms are found by adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C
program to generate the first n terms of the sequence.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int f1,f2,f3,n,i;

printf("nHow many Fibonacci Sequence numbers you want? ");
scanf("%d",&n);
f1=0, f2=1;
printf("nThe follwing are %d Fibonacci Numbersn",n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf(" %d",f1);
f3=f1+f2;
f1=f2;
f2=f3;
}
}

How many Fibonacci Sequence numbers you want? 11

The follwing are 11 Fibonacci Numbers
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55

Week I (c) Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n is a value
supplied by the user.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,num,j;

printf("nEnter upper limit for prime numbers : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("nPrime numbers between 1 and %d aren1",n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
num=i;
for(j=2;j<num;j++)
if(num%j==0)
break;
if(j==num)
printf(" %d",num);
}
}
Enter upper limit for prime numbers : 55
Prime numbers between 1 and 55 are
1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53

Week 2 (a) Write a C program to calculate the following Sum:
Sum=1-x2/2!+x4/4!-x6/6!+x8/8!-x10/10!
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
float sum,term;
int n,x,i;

printf("nSequence is 1-x^2/2!+x^4/4-x^6/6!+x^8/8!-x^10/10! . . .");
printf("nHow many terms you want to calculate in the sequence");
printf("nEnter x and n valuesn");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&n);
term=1.0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum=sum+term;
term=-term*x*x/((i*2)*(i*2-1));
}
printf("nSum=%8.2f",sum);
}

Sequence is 1-x^2/2!+x^4/4-x^6/6!+x^8/8!-x^10/10! . . .
How many terms you want to calculate in the sequence
Enter x and n values
34
Sum= -1.14

Sequence is 1-x^2/2!+x^4/4-x^6/6!+x^8/8!-x^10/10! . . .
How many terms you want to calculate in the sequence
Enter x and n values
47
Sum= -0.65

Week 2 (b) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,descr;
float r1,r2;

printf("nQuadratic equation program");
printf("nEnter a,b and c valuesn");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
descr=b*b-4*a*c;

if(descr==0)
{
printf("nRoots are equal");
r1=r2=-b/(2.0*a);
printf("nRoot1=Root2=%5.2f",r1);
}
else
{
if(descr>0)
{
printf("nRoots are unequal");
r1=(-b+sqrt(descr))/(2.0*a);
r2=(-b-sqrt(descr))/(2.0*a);
printf("nRoot1=%5.2f",r1);
printf("nRoot2=%5.2f",r2);
}
else
printf("nRoots are imaginary");
}
}

Quadratic equation program
Enter a,b and c values
121

Roots are equal
Root1=Root2=-1.00

1 -1 -6

Roots are unequal
Root1= 3.00
Root2=-2.00
123

Roots are imaginary


Week 3 (a) Write C programs that use both recursive and non-recursive functions
(i) To find the factorial of a given integer.
Non-Recursive
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num,fact;
int factorial();

printf("nEnter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
fact=factorial(num);
printf("nFactorial of %d is %d",num,fact);
}

int factorial(int n)
{
int i,f;

f=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
f=f*i;
return f;
}

Enter a positive integer: 5
Factorial of 5 is 120



Recursive
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num,fact;
int factorial();

printf("nEnter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
fact=factorial(num);
printf("nFactorial of %d is %d",num,fact);
}


int factorial(int n)
{
int f;

if(n<=1)
return 1;
else
f=n*factorial(n-1);
return f;
}




(ii) To find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two given integers.
Non-Recursive
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,val;
int GCD();

printf("nEnter two positive integersn");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
val=GCD(a,b);
printf("nGCD of %d and %d is %d",a,b,val);
}
int GCD(int x,int y)
{
int temp;

while(x%y!=0)
{
temp=x%y;
x=y;
y=temp;
}
return y;
}


Enter two positive integers
24 16
GCD of 24 and 16 is 8

35 275

Non-Recursive Solution 2
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,val;
int GCD();

val=GCD(a,b);
}
{
int i,temp;

if(x>y)
{
temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
}
for(i=y;i>=1;i--)
if(x%i==0&&y%i==0)
break;
return i;
}

24 16

78 24


Recursive
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,val,temp;
int GCD();

val=GCD(a,b);
}

{
int g,temp;

if(x%y!=0)
GCD(y,x%y);
else
return y;
}

78 25

78 24

iii) To solve Towers of Hanoi problem.

Week 4 a) The total distance travelled by vehicle in ‘t’ seconds is given by distance = ut+1/2at2 where
‘u’ and ‘a’ are the initial velocity (m/sec.) and acceleration (m/sec2). Write C program to find the
distance travelled at regular intervals of time given the values of ‘u’ and ‘a’. The program should
provide the flexibility to the user to select his own time intervals and repeat the calculations for
different values of ‘u’ and ‘a’.


Week 4 (b) Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and one operator from the user,
performs the operation and then prints the result. (Consider the operators +, -, *, /, % and use
Switch Statement)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,val;
char op;

printf("nEnter two integers and operatorn");
scanf("%d%d %c",&a,&b,&op);
switch(op)
{
case '+': val=a+b;
break;
case '-': val=a-b;
break;
case '*': val=a*b;
break;
case '/': val=a/b;
break;
case '%': val=a%b;
break;
}
printf("n %d %c %d = %d",a,op,b,val);
}
Enter two integers and operator
10 12 +
10 + 12 = 22
10 12 -
10 - 12 = -2
10 12 *
10 * 12 = 120
22 5 /
22 / 5 = 4
22 5 %
22 % 5 = 2


Week 5 (a) Write a C program to find both the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x[100],n,i,large,small;

printf("nHow many values you want to enter into an array? ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("nEnter %d integersn",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
large=x[0];
small=x[0];
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(large<x[i])
large=x[i];
if(small>x[i])
small=x[i];
}
printf("nArray values aren");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" %d",x[i]);
printf("nLargest = %d",large);
printf("nSmallest = %d",small);
}

How many values you want to enter into an array? 7
Enter 7 integers
33 22 77 99 66 11 55

Array values are
33 22 77 99 66 11 55
Largest = 99
Smallest = 11

Week 5 (b) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following:
i) Addition of Two Matrices
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20][20],b[20][20],c[20][20];
int m1,m2,m3,n1,n2,n3;
void read2D(),print2D(),add();

printf("nEnter size of matrix A : ");
scanf("%d%d",&m1,&n1);
read2D(a,m1,n1);

printf("nEnter size of matrix B: ");
read2D(b,m2,n2);
add(a,m1,n1,b,m2,n2,c,&m3,&n3);
printf("nMatrix An");
print2D(a,m1,n1);
printf("nMatrix Bn");
print2D(b,m2,n2);
printf("nMatrix Cn");
print2D(c,m3,n3);
}
void add(int a[20][20],int m1,int n1, int b[20][20],int m2,int n2,int c[20][20],int *mp,int *np)
{
int i,j;

if(m1!=m2||n1!=n2)
{
printf("nAddition of matrices is not possible");
exit(0);
}
for(i=0;i<m1;i++)
for(j=0;j<n1;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
*mp=m1;
*np=n1;
}

void print2D(int x[20][20],int m,int n)
{
int i,j;

printf("nContents of matrix aren");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%5d",x[i][j]);
}
}

void read2D(int x[20][20],int m,int n)
{
int i,j;

printf("nEnter values into %d X %d matrixn",m,n);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);
}

Enter size of matrix A : 3 4
Enter values into 3 X 4 matrix
1234
1234
1234
Enter size of matrix B: 3 4
1111
2222
3333

Matrix A
Contents of matrix are
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4

Matrix B
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
Matrix C
2 3 4 5
3 4 5 6
4 5 6 7

123
456
11
22
Addition of matrices is not possible


Week 5 (b) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following:
ii) Multiplication of Two Matrices

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20][20],b[20][20],c[20][20];
int m1,m2,m3,n1,n2,n3;
void read2D(),print2D(),multiply();

printf("nEnter size of matrix A : ");
read2D(a,m1,n1);
printf("nEnter size of matrix B: ");
read2D(b,m2,n2);
multiply(a,m1,n1,b,m2,n2,c,&m3,&n3);

printf("nMatrix An");
print2D(a,m1,n1);
printf("nMatrix Bn");
print2D(b,m2,n2);
printf("nMatrix A x Bn");
print2D(c,m3,n3);
}

void multiply(int a[20][20],int m1,int n1, int b[20][20],int m2,int n2,int c[20][20],int *mp,int *np)
{
int i,j,k;

if(n1!=m2)
{
printf("nMultiplication of matrices is not possible");
exit(0);
}
for(i=0;i<m1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n2;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=1;k<n1;k++)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
*mp=m1;
*np=n2;
}


void print2D(int x[20][20],int m,int n)
{
int i,j;

printf("nContents of matrix aren");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
}
}

void read2D(int x[20][20],int m,int n)
{
int i,j;

printf("nEnter values into %d X %d matrixn",m,n);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);
}

1234
1111
1234

Matrix A

1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
Matrix B
1
2
3
4
Matrix A x B
29
9


1234
5678

444
777
Multiplication of matrices is not possible

1234
5678
9 10 11 12
11111
22222
33333
44444

Matrix A

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Matrix B
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
Matrix A x B

29 29 29 29 29
65 65 65 65 65
101 101 101 101 101


Week 6
a) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
i) To insert a sub-string in to a given main string from a given position.
ii) To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.
b) Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not

To insert a sub-string in to a given main string from a given position.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[500],sub[100];
int n1,n2,i,j,loc;

printf("nEnter main string: ");
scanf("%s",str);
printf("nEnter sub string: ");
scanf("%s",sub);
printf("nEnter position: ");
scanf("%d",&loc);

printf("nMain string: %s",str);
printf("nSub string: %s",sub);

n1=strlen(str);
n2=strlen(sub);

if(loc>n1)
{
printf("nPosition is out of range");
exit(0);
}

for(i=n1;i>=loc;i--)
str[i+n2]=str[i];

j=0;
while(sub[j])
{
str[loc+j]=sub[j];
j++;
}

printf("nMain string: %s",str);
printf("nSub string: %s",sub);
}


INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter main string: JntuHyderabad
Enter sub string: ASReddy
Enter position: 4

Main string: JntuHyderabad
Sub string: ASReddy

Main string: JntuASReddyHyderabad
Sub string: ASReddy

Enter main string: AravindReddyJNTUH
Enter sub string: 12011U0502
Enter position: 12

Main string: AravindReddyJNTUH
Sub string: 12011U0502

Main string: AravindReddy12011U0502JNTUH
Sub string: 12011U0502

To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[500];
int n,i,loc;

printf("nEnter a string: ");
scanf("%s",str);
printf("nEnter number of characters to be deleted: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("nEnter position from which deletion should be done: ");
scanf("%d",&loc);

if(loc+n>strlen(str))
{
printf("nDeletion not possible");
printf("nToo many characters from the given location");
exit(0);
}


i=loc;
while(str[i+n])
{
str[i]=str[i+n];
i++;
}
str[i]=str[i+n];
printf("nString after deletion: %s",str);

}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter a string: AravindReddyJNTU
Enter number of characters to be deleted: 5
Enter position from which deletion should be done: 7

String after deletion: AravindJNTU

Enter a string: AravindReddyNarmetta12011U0502
Enter number of characters to be deleted: 8
Enter position from which deletion should be done: 12

String after deletion: AravindReddy12011U0502

b) Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[500];
int n,i;

printf("nEnter a string: ");
scanf("%s",str);

n=strlen(str);
for(i=0;i<n/2;i++)
if(str[i]!=str[n-i-1])
break;
if(i==n/2)
printf("n%s is palindrome",str);
else
printf("n%s is not palindrome",str);
}


Enter a string: madam
madam is palindrome

Enter a string: aravind
aravind is not palindrome

Enter a string: aravindnivara
aravindnivara is palindrome

Enter a string: jntutnj
jntutnj is palindrome

Enter a string: JNTUH
JNTUH is not palindrome

Week 7
a) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the string S where the string T begins, or
– 1 if S doesn’t contain T.
b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[500],sub[100];
int n1,n2,i,j,loc;

printf("nEnter main string: ");
scanf("%s",str);
printf("nEnter sub string: ");
scanf("%s",sub);

i=0;
while(str[i])
{
j=0;
while(str[i+j]&&sub[j]&&str[i+j]==sub[j])
j++;
if(sub[j]==NULL)
break;
i=i+1;
}
if(sub[j]==NULL)
printf("nSub string available at %d location",i+1);
else
printf("nSub String not available : %d",-1);
}


INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter main string: AravindReddy
Enter sub string: Reddy
Sub string available at 8 location

Enter main string: AravindJNTUcse
Enter sub string: JNTU

Enter main string: SrinivasReddy
Enter sub string: vas

Enter main string: FirstYear
Enter sub string: irt
Sub String not available : -1

Week 7 (b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.

Week 8 (a) Write a program to generate Pascal’s triangle.
First Model using Arrays
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x[50][50],i,j,spaces,l,n;

printf("nThis is a program to generate Pascal triangle");
printf("nHow many lines you want : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
if(j==0||j==i)
x[i][j]=1;
else
x[i][j]=x[i-1][j-1]+x[i-1][j];
spaces=36;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("nn");
for(l=0;l<=spaces;l++)
printf(" ");
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
spaces=spaces-2;
}
}

This is a program to generate Pascal triangle
How many lines you want : 7

1

1 1

1 2 1

1 3 3 1

1 4 6 4 1

1 5 10 10 5 1

1 6 15 20 15 6 1

Second Model Without Arrays

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,l,n,ncr,spaces;

printf("nEnter number of lines to be printed: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=38;
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("nn");
printf(" ");

for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j==0||j==i)
ncr=1;
else
ncr=fact(i)/(fact(i-j)*fact(j));
printf("%4d",ncr);
}
spaces=spaces-2;
}
}


int fact(int n)
{
int i,f=1;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
f=f*i;
return f;
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter number of lines to be printed: 5

1

1 1

1 2 1

1 3 3 1

1 4 6 4 1

1 5 10 10 5 1

Week 8 (b) Write a C program to construct a pyramid of numbers.
(i)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,l,n,sp;

printf("nHow many lines you want ? ");
scanf("%d",&n);
sp=35;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(l=1;l<sp;l++)
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",1);
sp=sp-2;
}
}


How many lines you want ? 7

1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(ii)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,k,l,n,spaces;

clrscr();
printf("nThis is a dymand pattern program");
printf("nEnter n value ");
scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=36;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",i);
spaces-=2;
}
spaces=spaces+4;
for(i=n-1;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",i);
spaces+=2;
}
}


This is a dymand pattern program
Enter n value 7

1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2
1
(iii)
void main()
{
int i,j,k,l,n,spaces;

printf("nThis is a dymand pattern program");
printf("nEnter n value ");
scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=36;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",j);
for(j=i-1;j>=1;j--)
printf("%4d",j);
spaces-=4;
}
spaces=spaces+8;
for(i=n-1;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",j);
for(j=i-1;j>=1;j--)
printf("%4d",j);
spaces+=4;
}
}

This is a dymand pattern program
Enter n value 7
1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 1
1

Some more patterns

void main()
{
int i,j,n;

printf("nThis is a pattern program");
printf("nEnter how many lines you want : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++) //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
{ //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
printf("n"); // 9490 456 987
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",j);
}
}

This is a pattern program
Enter how many lines you want : 7

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7


void main()
{
int i,j,n;

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",i);
}
}


1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

//Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
//SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
void main() // 9490 456 987
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
x=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x+1;
}
}
}



1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28

void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
x=n*(n+1)/2;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x-1;
}
}
} //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
This is a pattern program // 9490 456 987

28
27 26
25 24 23
22 21 20 19
18 17 16 15 14
13 12 11 10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1


void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
x=n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",x);
x=x-1;
}
}


7
6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

//Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
void main() // 9490 456 987
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
x=n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
x=n-i+1;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x+1;
}
}
}


7
6 7
5 6 7
4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

printf("nThis is a pattern program"); //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
printf("nEnter how many lines you want : "); //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
scanf("%d",&n); // 9490 456 987
x=n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
x=n;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x-1;
}
}
}


7
7 6
7 6 5
7 6 5 4
7 6 5 4 3
7 6 5 4 3 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1


void main()
{
int i,j,n,l,spaces;

scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=25;
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
for(l=1;l<=spaces;l++) //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
printf(" "); //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
for(j=1;j<=i;j++) // 9490 456 987
printf("%4d",j);
spaces=spaces+4;
}
}


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1
void main()
{
int i,j,n;

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",i);
}
}



7 7 7 7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2
1

void main()
{
int i,j,n,x; //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
printf("nThis is a pattern program"); // 9490 456 987
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
x=i*(i+1)/2-i;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
x=x+1;
printf("%4d",x);
}
}
}


22 23 24 25 26 27 28
16 17 18 19 20 21
11 12 13 14 15
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1


void main()
{
int i,j,n,x,diff,temp;

scanf("%d",&n);
temp=0;
diff=n;
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
temp=temp+diff; //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
diff=diff-1; //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
x=temp; // 9490 456 987
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x-1;
}
}
}

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
13 12 11 10 9 8
18 17 16 15 14
22 21 20 19
25 24 23
27 26
28

void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
x=1;
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",x);
x=x+1;
}
}


1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
3 3 3 3 3 //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
4 4 4 4 // 9490 456 987
5 5 5
6 6
7

void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
x=n;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x-1;
}
}
}


7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2
7 6 5 4 3
7 6 5 4
7 6 5
7 6
7


void main()
{
int i,j,n,x;

clrscr();
scanf("%d",&n); // 9490 456 987
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
{
printf("n");
x=n-i+1;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",x);
x=x+1;
}
}
}


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7
5 6 7
6 7
7
void main()
{
int i,j,n,l,spaces,x;

scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=35;
x=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++) //Program done by Srinivas Reddy Amedapu
{ //SrinivasReddyAmedapu@yahoo.com
printf("%4d",x); // 9490 456 987
x=x+1;
}

spaces=spaces-2;
}
}

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

void main()
{
int i,j,n,l,spaces;

scanf("%d",&n);
spaces=35;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i*2-1;j++)
printf("%4d",i);
spaces=spaces-4;
}
}


1
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4

void main()
{
int i,j,n,l,spaces;

scanf("%d",&n); // 9490 456 987
spaces=35;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{

printf("n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%4d",j);
for(j=i-1;j>=1;j--)
printf("%4d",j);
spaces=spaces-4;
}
}


1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1

Week 9
Write a C program to read in two numbers, x and n, and then compute the sum of this geometric
progression: 1+x+x2+x3+………….+xn. For example: if n is 3 and x is 5, then the program computes
1+5+25+125. Print x, n, the sum. Perform error checking. For example, the formula does not make
sense for negative exponents – if n is less than 0. Have your program print an error message if n<0,
then go back and read in the next pair of numbers of without computing the sum. Are any values of x
also illegal ? If so, test for them too.

Week 10
a) 2’s complement of a number is obtained by scanning it from right to left and complementing all
the bits after the first appearance of a 1. Thus 2’s complement of 11100 is 00100. Write a C program
to find the 2’s complement of a binary number.
b) Write a C program to convert a Roman numeral to its decimal equivalent.


Week 11
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
i) Reading a complex number
ii) Writing a complex number
iii) Addition of two complex numbers
iv) Multiplication of two complex numbers
(Note: represent complex number using a structure.)

struct complex
{
int real;
int imag;
};
void main()
{
struct complex c1,c2,c3,c4;
void read(),display();
struct complex add(),mult();

read(&c1);
read(&c2);

printf("nEntered complex numbers aren");
display(c1);
display(c2);

c3=add(c1,c2);
c4=mult(c1,c2);

printf("nAddition of two complex numbersn");
display(c3);

printf("nMultiplication of two complex numbersn");
display(c4);
}
void read(struct complex *p)
{
printf("nEnter Complex number (real imaginary)");
scanf("%d%d",&p->real,&p->imag);
}

void display(struct complex c)
{
printf("nComplex number is ");
printf("n%d %di",c.real,c.imag);
}


struct complex add(struct complex x, struct complex y)
{
struct complex z;

z.real=x.real+y.real;
z.imag=x.imag+y.imag;
return z;
}

struct complex mult(struct complex x, struct complex y)
{
struct complex z;

z.real=x.real*y.real-x.imag*y.imag;
z.imag=x.imag*y.real+x.real*y.imag;
return z;
}

Enter Complex number (real imaginary)2 3
Enter Complex number (real imaginary)4 7

Enter complex numbers are
Complex number is
2 3i
Complex number is
4 7i

Addition of two complex numbers
Complex number is
6 10i

Multiplication of two complex numbers
Complex number is
-13 26i


Week 12
a) Write a C program which copies one file to another.

#include<stdio.h>
void main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char ch;

if(argc!=3)
{
printf("nUse Command Properly");
printf("nCommand SourceFileName TargetFileName");
exit(0);
}

fp1=fopen(argv[1],"r");
if(fp1==NULL)
{
printf("nSource File Not Existing");
exit(1);
}

fp2=fopen(argv[2],"w");
ch=fgetc(fp1);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch,fp2);
ch=fgetc(fp1);
}
printf("nFile Copied");
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}

C:TCBIN>dir asrc*.*
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 60A8-805B

Directory of C:TCBIN

01/05/2013 11:46 PM 485 ASRCPY.BAK
01/05/2013 11:46 PM 485 ASRCPY.C
01/05/2013 11:46 PM 12,280 ASRCPY.EXE
5 File(s) 15,883 bytes
0 Dir(s) 36,109,975,552 bytes free


C:TCBIN>asrcpy asrcpy.c aravind.c
File Copied

C:TCBIN>asrcpy sss.c yyy.c
Source File Not Existing

C:TCBIN>asrcpy asrcpy.c yy.c zz.c
Use Command Properly
Command SourceFileName TargetFileName

C:TCBIN>asrcpy aravind.c jntuh.c
File Copied

C:TCBIN>dir jnt*.*
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 60A8-805B

Directory of C:TCBIN

01/05/2013 11:49 PM 485 JNTUH.C
1 File(s) 485 bytes
0 Dir(s) 36,109,844,480 bytes free

C:TCBIN>exit

b) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file.
(Note: The file name and n are specified on the command line.)

#include<stdio.h>
{
FILE *fp;
int n,n2;
char ch;

n=atoi(argv[2]);
n2=n;
fp=fopen(argv[1],"r");
fseek(fp,n+1,0);
while(n>0)
{
fseek(fp,-2,1);
ch=fgetc(fp);
printf("%c",ch);
n=n-1;
}

fseek(fp,n2,0);
ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
INPUT/OUTPUT

C:TCBIN>type text.dat
This is Srinivas Reddy Amedapu, Full Time Research Scholar at NIT Trichy, TN.

C:TCBIN>asrfile4 text.dat 25
mA yddeR savinirS si sihTedapu, Full Time Research Scholar at NIT Trichy, TN.

TIN ta ralohcS hcraeseR emiT lluF ,upademA yddeR savinirS si sihTTrichy, TN.

seR emiT lluF ,upademA yddeR savinirS si sihTearch Scholar at NIT Trichy, TN.

C:TCBIN>type aravind.dat
I am Aravind Reddy Ravula, studying B.Tech(+MBA) First Year, JNTU Hyderabad.

C:TCBIN>asrfile4 aravind.dat 35
gniyduts ,aluvaR yddeR dnivarA ma I B.Tech(+MBA) First Year, JNTU Hyderabad.

C:TCBIN>asrfile4 aravind.dat 55
tsriF )ABM+(hceT.B gniyduts ,aluvaR yddeR dnivarA ma IYear, JNTU Hyderabad.
C:TCBIN>exit

Week 13
a) Write a C programme to display the contents of a file.

#include<stdio.h>
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

if(argc!=2)
{
printf("nCommand FileName");
exit(0);
}

fp=fopen(argv[1],"r");
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("nSource File Not Existing");
exit(1);
}

ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

C:TCBIN>asrtype yy.c

Source File Not Existing
C:TCBIN>asrtype simple.c
void main()
{
printf("nWelcome to JNTU--Aravind Reddy CSE");
}
C:TCBIN>asrtype simple.c asrtype.c

Use Command Properly
Command FileName
C:TCBIN>exit

b) Write a C programme to merge two files into a third file ( i.e., the contents of the first file followed
by those of the second are put in the third file)

#include<stdio.h>
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3;
char ch;

if(argc!=4)
{
printf("nCommand SourceFileName1 SourceFileName2 TargetFileName");
exit(0);
}


if(fp1==NULL)
{
printf("nSource File1 Not Existing");
exit(1);
}

fp3=fopen(argv[3],"w");
ch=fgetc(fp1);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch,fp3);
ch=fgetc(fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);

if(fp2==NULL)
{
printf("nSource File 2 Not Existing");
fclose(fp3);
exit(2);
}

ch=fgetc(fp2);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch,fp3);
ch=fgetc(fp2);
}
fclose(fp2);
fclose(fp3);
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

C:TCBIN>asrmerg simple.c hworld.c aravind.c

C:TCBIN>type simple.c
void main()
{
}


C:TCBIN>type hworld.c
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("nHello World!");
printf("nThis is Aravind Reddy");
printf("nRoll No. 12011U0502, CSE");
}

C:TCBIN>type aravind.c
void main()
{
}
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("nHello World!");
printf("nThis is Aravind Reddy");
printf("nRoll No. 12011U0502, CSE");
}

C:TCBIN>exit

Week 14
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations on singly linked list.:
i) Creation ii) Insertion iii) Deletion iv) Traversal

#include<stdio.h>
#include<alloc.h>

struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};

typedef struct node* nodeptr;

void main()
{
int val,pos;
nodeptr list;
nodeptr create();
void print(),insertnth(nodeptr*,int,int);
int deletenth(nodeptr*,int);


list=create();
print(list);
printf("nEnter Element to be inserted and position : ");
scanf("%d%d",&val,&pos);
insertnth(&list,val,pos);
print(list);
printf("nWhich position node you want to delete? ");
scanf("%d",&pos);
val=deletenth(&list,pos);
printf("nDeleted node value is %d",val);
print(list);
}
int deletenth(nodeptr *lp,int pos)
{
int val=-1;
nodeptr p,q,r;
if(*lp==NULL)
printf("nLinked List is empty, delete not possible");
else
{
p=*lp;
if(pos==1)
{
*lp=p->link;
val=p->data;
free(p);
}
else
{
pos=pos-2;
while(p&&pos)
{
p=p->link;
pos=pos-1;
}
if(p)
{
q=p->link;
p->link=q->link;
val=q->data;
free(q);
}
else
printf("nLess nodes than given node number");
}
}
return val;
}

void insertnth(nodeptr *lp,int val,int pos)
{
nodeptr p,q,r;
nodeptr getnode();

q=getnode();
q->data=val;
q->link=NULL;
if(*lp==NULL)
*lp=q;
else
{
p=*lp;
pos=pos-1;
while(p&&pos)
{
r=p;
p=p->link;
pos=pos-1;
}
q->link=r->link;
r->link=q;
}
}

nodeptr create()
{
int val;
nodeptr p,q,r;
nodeptr getnode();

printf("nEnter 0 (zero) to stopn");
scanf("%d",&val);
p=getnode();
r=p;
while(val)
{
q=getnode();
q->data=val;
p->link=q;
p=q;
scanf("%d",&val);
}
p->link=NULL;
p=r->link;
free(r);
return p;
}

void print(nodeptr p)
{
printf("nContents of Linked List aren");
while(p)
{
printf(" %d",p->data);
p=p->link;
}
}

nodeptr getnode()
{
nodeptr p;

p=(nodeptr)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
return p;
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter 0 (zero) to stop
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 0

Contents of Linked List are
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99

Enter Element to be inserted and position : 678 6
11 22 33 44 55 678 66 77 88 99

Which position node you want to delete? 3
Deleted node value is 33
11 22 44 55 678 66 77 88 99


Week 15
Write C programs that implement stack (its operations) using
i) Arrays ii) Pointers

Arrays

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100

void main()
{
int stack[MAX],top=-1,val,op;
void push(),display(),options();
int pop();

clrscr();
options();
while(1)
{
printf("nSelect option : ");
scanf("%d",&op);
switch(op)
{
case 1: printf("nEnter value to be pushed : ");
scanf("%d",&val);
push(stack,&top,val);
break;
case 2: val=pop(stack,&top);
printf("nValue poped is %d",val);
break;
case 3: display(stack,top);
break;
case 4: exit(0);
break; //optional ie, non reachable code
default:options();
break; //optional, last case
}
}
}
void push(int stk[],int *tp,int val)
{
if(*tp==MAX-1)
printf("nStack full, %d not inserted",val);
else
{
*tp=*tp+1;
stk[*tp]=val;
}
}

int pop(int stk[],int *tp)
{
int val=-1;

if(*tp==-1)
printf("nStack empty, no value deleted");
else
{
val=stk[*tp];
*tp=*tp-1;
}
return val;
}

void display(int stk[],int top)
{
int i;

printf("nContents of Stack aren");
for(i=top;i>=0;i--)
printf("ntt%4d",stk[i]);
}

void options()
{
printf("nAvailable optons aren");
printf("ntt0. Options");
printf("ntt1. Push");
printf("ntt2. Pop");
printf("ntt3. Display");
printf("ntt4. Exit");
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Available optons are
0. Options
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

Select option : 1
Enter value to be pushed : 11

Select option : 1

Select option : 1

Select option : 3
Contents of Stack are
88
99
11

Select option : 2
Value poped is 88

Select option : 2
Value poped is 99

Select option : 2
Value poped is 11

Select option : 2
Stack empty, no value deleted
Value poped is -1

Select option : 4

Pointers

#include<stdio.h>

struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};

void main()
{
int op,val;
nodeptr sp=NULL;
void push(),display(),options();
int pop();

clrscr();
options();
while(1)
{
printf("nSelect option : ");
scanf("%d",&op);

switch(op)
{
case 1: printf("nEnter value to be pushed : ");
scanf("%d",&val);
push(&sp,val);
break;
case 2: val=pop(&sp);
printf("nValue poped is %d",val);
break;
case 3: display(sp);
break;
case 4: exit(0);
break; //optional ie, non reachable code
default:options();
break; //optional, last case
}
}
}

void push(nodeptr *spp,int val)
{
nodeptr p;
nodeptr getnode();

p=getnode();
p->data=val;
p->link=*spp;
*spp=p;
}
int pop(nodeptr *spp)
{
int val=-1;
nodeptr p;

if(*spp==NULL)
printf("nStack Empty");
else
{
p=*spp;
*spp=p->link;
val=p->data;
free(p);
}
return val;
}


void display(nodeptr p)
{
printf("nContents of Stack aren");
while(p)
{
printf("nt%4d",p->data);
p=p->link;
}
}

void options()
{
printf("nAvailable optons aren");
printf("nt0. Options");
printf("nt1. Push");
printf("nt2. Pop");
printf("nt3. Display");
printf("nt4. Exit");
}

nodeptr getnode()
{
nodeptr p;

return p;
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Available optons are
0. Options
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

Select option : 1

Select option : 1

Select option : 1

Select option : 2
Value poped is 44


Select option : 3
Contents of Stack are
22
11

Select option : 2
Value poped is 22

Select option : 2
Value poped is 11

Select option : 2
Stack Empty
Value poped is -1

Select option : 4

Week 16
Write C programs that implement Queue (its operations) using
i) Arrays ii) Pointers

Arrays

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100

void main()
{
int val,op;
int queue[MAX],front=0,rear=-1;
int delet();
void insert(),display(),options();

options();
while(1)
{
printf("nSelect option: ");
scanf("%d",&op);
switch(op)
{
case 1: printf("nEnter value to be inserted: ");
scanf("%d",&val);
insert(queue,&rear,val);
break;
case 2: val=delet(queue,&front,rear);
printf("nDeleted value is %d",val);
break;

case 3: display(queue,front,rear);
break;
case 4: exit(0);
break;
default: options();
break;
}
}
}

int delet(int q[],int *fp,int r)
{
int val=-1;

if(*fp>r)
printf("nQueue empty");
else
{
val=q[*fp];
*fp=*fp+1;
}
return val;
}

void insert(int q[],int *rp,int val)
{
if(*rp==MAX-1)
printf("nQueue full");
else
{
*rp=*rp+1;
q[*rp]=val;
}
}

void display(int q[],int f,int r)
{
int i;

printf("nContents of queue are:n");
for(i=f;i<=r;i++)
printf(" %d",q[i]);
}


void options()
{
printf("nAvailable operations");
printf("nt1. Insert");
printf("nt2. Delete");
}

Available operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

Select option: 1
Enter value to be inserted: 11

Select option: 1

Select option: 1

Select option: 3
Contents of queue are:
11 66 88

Select option: 2
Deleted value is 11

Select option: 4

Pointers

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100

struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};


void main()
{
int val,op;
nodeptr front=NULL,rear=NULL;
int delet();
void insert(),display(),options();

options();
while(1)
{
printf("nSelect option: ");
scanf("%d",&op);
switch(op)
{
case 1: printf("nEnter value to be inserted: ");
scanf("%d",&val);
insert(&front,&rear,val);
break;
case 2: val=delet(&front,&rear);
printf("nDeleted value is %d",val);
break;
case 3: display(front);
break;
case 4: exit(0);
break;
default: options();
break;
}
}
}

int delet(nodeptr *fp,nodeptr *rp)
{
int val=-1;
nodeptr p;

if(*fp==NULL)
printf("nQueue is Empty");
else
{
p=*fp;
val=p->data;
*fp=p->link;
if(*fp==NULL)
*rp=NULL;
}
return val;
}

void insert(nodeptr *fp,nodeptr *rp,int val)
{
nodeptr p;
nodeptr getnode();

p=getnode();
p->data=val;
p->link=NULL;
if(*rp==NULL)
*fp=*rp=p;
else
{
(*rp)->link=p;
*rp=p;
}
}

void display(nodeptr p)
{
printf("nContents of queue are:n");
while(p)
{
printf(" %d",p->data);
p=p->link;
}
}

void options()
{
printf("nAvailable operations");
printf("nt1. Insert");
printf("nt2. Delete");
}

nodeptr getnode()
{
nodeptr p;

return p;
}


Available operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

Select option: 1

Select option: 1

Select option: 1

Select option: 2
Deleted value is 11

Select option: 3
12 14

Select option: 2
Deleted value is 12

Select option: 2
Deleted value is 14

Select option: 2
Queue is Empty
Deleted value is -1

Select option: 3

Select option: 4


Week 17
Write a C program that uses Stack operations to perform the following:
i) Converting infix expression into postfix expression
ii) Evaluating the postfix expression

Converting infix expression into postfix expression

#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<alloc.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct node
{
char data;
struct node* link;
};

void main()
{
char in[100],post[100];
int i,j;
nodeptr sp=NULL;
void push();
char pop();

printf("nEnter valid infix expression");
printf("nThis program will work for + - * / % ^ operatorsn");
scanf("%s",in);
i=0,j=0;
while(in[i])
{
if(in[i]>='a'&&in[i]<='z')
{
post[j]=in[i];
j++;
}
else
{
if(in[i]=='+'||in[i]=='-'||in[i]=='*'
||in[i]=='/'||in[i]=='%'||in[i]=='^')
{
while(sp&&compare(in[i],sp->data)<=0)
{
post[j]=pop(&sp);
j++;
}
push(&sp,in[i]);
}

else
{
printf("nInvalid Symbol in the expression");
exit(0);
}
}
i++;
}
while(sp)
{
post[j]=pop(&sp);
j++;
}
post[j]='0';
printf("nInfix expression: %s",in);
printf("nPostfix expression: %s",post);
}

int compare(char sym1,char sym2)
{
int diff;

diff=priority(sym1)-priority(sym2);
return diff;
}

int priority(char sym)
{
int p;

switch(sym)
{
case '+':
case '-': p=1;
break;
case '*':
case '/': p=2;
break;
case '%': p=3;
break;
case '^': p=4;
break;
}
return p;
}


char pop(nodeptr *spp)
{
int val=-1;
nodeptr p;

p=*spp;
*spp=p->link;
val=p->data;
free(p);
return(val);
}

void push(nodeptr *spp,char val)
{
nodeptr p;
nodeptr getnode();

p=getnode();
p->data=val;
p->link=*spp;
*spp=p;
}

nodeptr getnode()
{
nodeptr p;

p=(nodeptr)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); // malloc -> alloc.h included
return p;
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter valid infix expression
This program will work for + - * / % ^ operators
a+b*c/d-e%f^g
Infix expression: a+b*c/d-e%f^g
Postfix expression: abc*d/+efg^%-

a+b@
Invalid Symbol in the expression

a+b%c-d/f+g^h+i*j
Infix expression: a+b%c-d/f+g^h+i*j
Postfix expression: abc%+df/-gh^+ij*+

Evaluating the postfix expression

#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<alloc.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct node
{
int data;
struct node* link;
};

void main()
{
int i,val,val1,val2,temp;
char post[100];
nodeptr sp=NULL;
int evaluate(),pop();
void push();

printf("nEnter postfix expressionn");
scanf("%s",post);
i=0;
while(post[i])
{
if(post[i]>='0'&&post[i]<='9')
{
temp=post[i]-'0';
push(&sp,temp);
}
else
{
if(post[i]=='+'||post[i]=='-'||post[i]=='*'
||post[i]=='/'||post[i]=='^')
{
val2=pop(&sp);
val1=pop(&sp);
if(val1==-1||val2==-1)
{
printf("nExpression Error");
exit(0);
}
val=evaluate(val1,val2,post[i]);
push(&sp,val);
}


else
{
printf("nInvalid Symbol");
exit(1);
}
}
i=i+1;
}
val=pop(&sp);
printf("n%s = %d",post,val);
getch(); // getch -> conio.h included
}

int evaluate(int a,int b,char sym)
{
int val;

switch(sym)
{
case '+': val=a+b; break;
case '-': val=a-b; break;
case '*': val=a*b; break;
case '/': val=a/b; break;
case '^': val=pow(a,b); // pow -> math.h is included
}
return val;
}

int pop(nodeptr *spp)
{
int val=-1;
nodeptr p;

p=*spp;
*spp=p->link;
val=p->data;
free(p);
return(val);
}
void push(nodeptr *spp,int val)
{
nodeptr p;
nodeptr getnode();

p=getnode();
p->data=val;
p->link=*spp;
*spp=p;
}

nodeptr getnode()
{
nodeptr p;

p=(nodeptr)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); // malloc -> alloc.h included
return p;
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter postfix expression
23+

23+ = 5

45+63/-42^+

45+63/-42^+ = 23

45*

45* = 20

Week 18
Write a C program that implements the following sorting methods to sort a given list of integers in
ascending
order
i) Bubble sort
ii) Selection sort

Bubble Sort

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100
void main()
{
int arr[MAX],n,temp,i,j;
void read1D(),print1D(),bubble();

printf("nEnter number of terms: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
read1D(arr,n);
bubble(arr,n);
print1D(arr,n);
}

void bubble(int a[],int n)
{
int i,j,temp;

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++)
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}

void read1D(int arr[],int n)
{
int i;

printf("nEnter %d valuesn",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}

void print1D(int arr[],int n)
{
int i;

printf("nValues of array are:n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" %d",arr[i]);
}

Enter number of terms: 7
Enter 7 values
11 66 33 99 88 22 44

Values of array are:
11 22 33 44 66 88 99

Enter number terms: 12
Enter 12 values
22 88 33 77 100 222 777 123 876 456 767 121

Values of array are:
22 33 77 88 100 121 123 222 456 767 777 876

Week 18 Write a C program that implements the following sorting methods to sort a given list of
integers in ascending order
ii) Selection sort

Week 19
Write C programs that use both recursive and non recursive functions to perform the following
searching operations for a Key value in a given list of integers :
i) Linear search ii) Binary search

Iterative Linear Search

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[100],n,val,loc;
void read1D();
int lsearch();

printf("nHowmany elements you want to enter? ");
scanf("%d",&n);
read1D(arr,n);

printf("nEnter element to be searched: ");
scanf("%d",&val);

loc=lsearch(arr,n,val);
printf("n%d availabel at %d location",val,loc);
}

int lsearch(int arr[],int n,int val)
{
int i;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(arr[i]==val)
return i;
return -1;
}

{
int i;

printf("nEnter %d values:n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
}


INPUT/OUTPUT

Howmany elements you want to enter? 1
Enter 1 values:
1
Enter element to be searched: 1
1 availabel at 0 location

Enter 8 values:
11 55 33 77 89 98 22 66

Enter 12 values:
12 56 89 65 32 11 66 44 99 92 23 48
10 availabel at -1 location

Enter 5 values:
12345

Iterative Binary Search

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
void read1D();
int bsearch();

scanf("%d",&n);
read1D(arr,n);

scanf("%d",&val);

loc=bsearch(arr,0,n-1,val);
}


int bsearch(int arr[],int lb,int ub,int val)
{
int mid;

while(lb<=ub)
{
mid=(lb+ub)/2;
if(arr[mid]==val)
return mid;
else
if(arr[mid]<val)
lb=mid+1;
else
ub=mid-1;
}
return -1;
}

{
int i;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
}

INPUT/OUTPUT

Enter 7 values:
11 33 45 67 88 90 112

Enter 5 values:
1 4 7 9 15

Enter 10 values:
11 14 17 25 28 45 47 56 67 78


Recursive Binary Search

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
void read1D();
int bsearch();

scanf("%d",&n);
read1D(arr,n);

scanf("%d",&val);

loc=bsearch(arr,0,n-1,val);
}

int bsearch(int a[],int low,int high,int key)
{
int mid;

if(low<=high)
{
mid=(low+high)/2;
if(a[mid]==key)
return mid;
else if(key<a[mid])
return bsearch(a,low,mid-1,key);
else if(key>a[mid])
return bsearch(a,mid+1,high,key);
}
else
return -1;
}

{
int i;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
}


Enter 5 values:
11 22 33 44 55

Enter 7 values:
12 23 34 45 56 67 78

Enter 10 values:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Week 20
Write C program that implement the Quick sort method to sort a given list of integers in ascending
order:

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100
int split(int*,int,int);
void getdata(int arr[],int n);
void display(int arr[],int n);
int main()
{

int arr[MAX],i,n;
void quicksort(int*,int,int);

printf("nEnter the total number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

getdata(arr,n);
quicksort(arr,0,n-1);
display(arr,n);

return 0;
}


void getdata(int arr[],int n)
{
int i;

printf("nEnter the elements which to be sort:n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
}

void display(int arr[],int n)
{
int i;

printf("nAfter merge sorting elements are:n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",arr[i]);
}

void quicksort(int a[],int lower,int upper)
{
int i ;
if(upper>lower)
{
i=split(a,lower,upper);
quicksort(a,lower,i-1);
quicksort(a,i+1,upper);
}
}
int split(int x[10],int lower,int upper)
{
int pivot,j,temp,i;

pivot=lower;
i=lower;
j=upper;

while(i<j)
{
while(x[i]<=x[pivot]&&i<upper)
i++;
while(x[j]>x[pivot])
j--;
if(i<j)
{
temp=x[i];
x[i]=x[j];
x[j]=temp;
}
}

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