The document discusses the principles and systems behind magnetic levitation (Maglev) trains. Maglev trains use magnetic fields produced by electromagnets to levitate above tracks and propel the train without friction. There are two main suspension systems - electromagnetic suspension uses electromagnets on the train attracted to a T-shaped guide rail, while electrodynamic suspension uses superconducting magnets on the train to float above tracks powered by changing magnetic fields. Maglev trains offer advantages like less energy use, lower noise, lower operating costs, and virtually no risk of derailment compared to traditional trains.

1. MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAIN

2. PRINCIPLE BEHIND
MAGLEV
 The working of maglev is totally depends upon
magnetic field which is produced by high power
electromagnet. The maglev train can be levitated
above the track and guideway,and propelled
forward. Wheels contact with the track, and
moving parts are eliminated on the maglev train,
allowing the maglev train to essentially move on
air without friction.

3. Propulsion
system
•The basic principle is that, “Opposite poles
attract each other and like poles repel each
other. That means the north pole repels north
pole and attract the south pole of a magnet.
Likewise the south pole of a magnet will
repel south pole and attract the north pole.
•An alternating current is then produced, from
the large power source, and passes through
the guide way, creating an electromagnetic
field which travels down the rails
•This propulsion is unique in that the current
is able to be turned on and off quickly
•Therefore, at one instance there can be a
positive charge running through a section of
the track, and within a second it could have a
neutral charge. This is the basic principle
behind slowing the vehicle down and
breaking it.
•The levitation, guidance, and propulsion of
the electromagnetic suspension system must
work together in order for the Maglev train to
move.

4. Levitation system
 Magnetic levitation means “to rise and float in air”.
The basic principle behind Maglev is that if you put
two magnets together in a certain way there will be a
strong magnetic attraction and the two magnets will
clamp together. This is called "attraction". If one of
those magnets is flipped over then there will be a
strong magnetic repulsion and the magnets will push
each other apart. This is called "repulsion".
 If a long line of magnets are alternatively placed
along a track and a line of alternatively placed
magnets on the bottom of the train. If these magnets
are properly controlled, the trains will lift of the
ground by the magnetic repulsion or by magnetic
attraction.

5. Different methods on which
Maglev train works
 Electromagnetic Suspension system
 Electrodynamic Suspension system
 Inductrack method(under development)

6. Electromagnetic suspension
system
 This suspension uses conventional electromagnets
located on structures attached to the underside of
the train; these structures then wrap around a T-
shaped guiderail.
 The magnets on the train are then attracted towards
this ferromagnetic guiderail when a current runs
through the guiderail and the electromagnets of the
train are turned on,This attraction lifts the car
allowing it to levitate and move with a frictionless
ride. In addition to guidance, these magnets also
allow the train to tilt, pitch, and roll during turns. To
keep all distances regulated during the ride, the
magnets work together with sensors to keep the train
centered

7. Electrodynamic suspension
system
 The first major difference between EDS and EMS is
the type of track. Whereas with EMS the bottom of the
train hooks around the edges of the track, an EDS
train literally floats on air.
 EDS uses superconducting magnets (SCM) located
on the bottom of the train to levitate it off of the track.
By using super cooled superconducting magnets, the
electrical resistance in superconductors allows current
to flow better and creates a greater magnetic field.
 This propulsion is unique in that the current is able to
be turned on and off quickly
 The current through the guiderails is reversed causing
the train to slow, and eventually to competely stop.
Additionally, by reversing the current, the train would
go in the reverse direction.

8. Comparison of three different tracks

9. Advantages of Maglev
trains
 It uses less energy than existing transportation systems
 The train makes little noise because it does not touch the track
and it has no motor. Therefore, all noise comes from moving air.
This sound is equivalent to the noise produced by city traffic.
 Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads.
 The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train
 The trains are virtually impossible to derail because the train is
wrapped around the track.
 Collisions between trains are unlikely because computers are
controlling the trains movements.
 There is very little maintenance because there is no contact
between the parts.
 The ride is smooth while not accelerating.

10. Conclusion
 Railways using MagLev technology are on the horizon. They have
proven to be faster than traditional railway systems that use metal
wheels and rails and are slowed by friction. The low maintenance
of the MagLev is an advantage that should not be taken lightly.
Energy saved by not using motors running on fossil fuels allow
more energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.
 Using superconducting magnets instead of fossil fuels, it will not
emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Energy created by
magnetic fields can be easily replenished
 Since a Maglev train levitates above the track, it will experience
no mechanical wear and thus will require very little maintenance.
Overall, the sustainability of Maglev is very positive. Although the
relative costs of constructing Maglev trains are still expensive,
there are many other positive factors that overcome this.