Overview on India's Five Year Planning.

3. What is Plan?
• A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use.
• It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which
are to be achieved within specific period of time.
• In India, plans are of five year duration and are called FIVE YEAR
PLAN.

5. • The planning commission is an organization in the
government of India which formulates India's five year
plan .
• It was Set up on 15 Mar, 1950 with prime minister
Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
• Now Mr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia holds the position
of deputy chairman.
PLANNING COMMISSION

6. • IN JULY 1951, THE PLANNING COMMISSION ISSUED THE
DRAFT OUTLINE OF THE FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN FOR THE
PERIOD APRIL 1951 TO MARCH 1956. IT WAS PRESENTED TO
THE PARLIAMENT IN DECEMBER 1952.
• IN THE FIRST PLAN, AGRICULTURE RECEIVED THE MAIN
THRUST, FOR SUSTAINING OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF INDUSTRIES WHICH WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT
A SIGNIFICANT RISE IN THE YIELD OF RAW MATERIALS AND
FOOD.
1st FIVE YEAR PLAN (1951-56)

7. • OBJECTIVES:
• TO INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION.
• TO FULLY UTILISE AVAILABLE RAW MATERIALS.
• TO CHECK INFLATIONARY PRESSURE.
• OUTLAY: THE TOTAL PROPOSED OUTLAY WAS RS. 3,870
CRORE.
• IT WAS MORE THAN A SUCCESS, BECAUSE OF GOOD
HARVESTS IN THE LAST TWO YEARS.
FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN (1951-56)1st FIVE YEAR PLAN (1951-56)

8. • THE MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO LAUNCH INDUSTRIALISATION
AND STRENGTHEN THE INDUSTRIAL BASE OF THE ECONOMY.
• IT WAS IN THIS LIGHT THAT THE 1948 INDUSTRIAL POLICY
RESOLUTION WAS REVISED AND A NEW RESOLUTION OF
1956 WAS ADOPTED.
• THE SECOND PLAN STARTED WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE
EXPANSION OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND AIMED AT THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOCIALISTIC PATTERN OF SOCIETY.
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)2nd FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)

9. • OBJECTIVES:
• A SIZEABLE INCREASE IN NATIONAL INCOME SO AS TO RAISE THE LEVEL
OF LIVING.
• RAPID INDUSTRIALISATION OF THE COUNTRY WITH PARTICULAR
EMPHASIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC AND KEY INDUSTRIES.
• OUTLAY: THE SECOND PLAN PROPOSED A TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR OUTLAY
OF RS. 4,800 CRORES THOUGH ACTUAL OUTLAY WAS ONLY RS. 4,672 CRORE.
• ADVOCATED HUGE IMPORTS WHICH LED TO EMPTYING OF FUNDS LEADING
TO FOREIGN LOANS. IT SHIFTED BASIC EMPHASIS FROM AGRICULTURE TO
INDUSTRY FAR TOO SOON. DURING THIS PLAN, PRICE LEVEL INCREASED BY
30%, AGAINST A DECLINE OF 13% DURING THE FIRST PLAN.
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)2nd FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)

10. • IN THE THIRD PLAN, THE EMPHASIS WAS ON LONG-TERM
DEVELOPMENT.
• THE THIRD PLAN REPORT STATED THAT DURING THE FIVE-
YEAR PERIOD CONCERNED, THE INDIAN ECONOMY "MUST
NOT ONLY EXPAND RAPIDLY BUT, AT THE SAME TIME,
BECOME SELF-RELIANT AND SELF-GENERATING."
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)3rd FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)

11. • OBJECTIVES:
• AN INCREASE IN NATIONAL INCOME OF MORE THAN 5 PER CENT ANNUALLY.
THE INVESTMENT PATTERN LAID DOWN MUST BE CAPABLE OF SUSTAINING
THIS GROWTH RATE IN THE SUBSEQUENT YEARS.
• AN INCREASE IN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AND TO ACHIEVE SELF
SUFFICIENCY BY INCREASING FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION.
• GREATER EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES, MORE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF
ECONOMIC POWER AND REDUCING WEALTH AND INCOME DISPARITIES.
• ALSO, IT WAS REALIZED FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF FIRST TWO PLANS THAT
AGRICULTURE SHOULD BE GIVEN THE TOP PRIORITY TO SUFFICE THE
REQUIREMENT OF EXPORT AND INDUSTRY.
• COMPLETE FAILURE DUE TO UNFORESEEN MISFORTUNES, VIZ. CHINESE
AGGRESSION (1962), INDO-PAK WAR (1965), SEVEREST DROUGHT IN 100
YEARS (1965-66).
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)3rd FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)

12. • PLAN HOLIDAY FOR 3YEARS.
• THE PREVAILING CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE AND SERIOUS FOOD SHORTAGE
NECESSITATED THE EMPHASIS ON AGRICULTURE DURING THE ANNUAL
PLANS.
• DURING THESE PLANS A WHOLE NEW AGRICULTURAL STRATEGY
INVOLVING WIDE-SPREAD DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES
OF SEEDS, THE EXTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS, EXPLOITATION OF
IRRIGATION POTENTIAL AND SOIL CONSERVATION WAS PUT INTO
ACTION TO TIDE-OVER THE CRISIS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION.
• DURING THE ANNUAL PLANS, THE ECONOMY BASICALLY ABSORBED THE
SHOCKS GIVEN DURING THE THIRD PLAN, MAKING WAY FOR A PLANNED
GROWTH.
3rd FIVE YEAR ANNUAL PLAN (1966-69)

13. • AFTER THE ‘PLAN HOLIDAY', THE FOURTH PLAN WAS BEGUN IN 1969.
• OBJECTIVES:
• TO ACHIEVE STABILITY AND PROGRESS TOWARDS SELF-RELIANCE.
• TO ACHIEVE AN OVERALL RATE OF GROWTH OF 5.7 PER CENT TO
RAISE EXPORTS AT THE RATE OF 7 PER CENT ANNUALLY.
• OUTLAY: THE TOTAL PROPOSED OUTLAY WAS RS. 24,880 CRORE,
WHICH INCLUDED RS. 15,900 CRORES AS PUBLIC SECTOR OUTLAY
AND RS. 8,980 CRORE AS PRIVATE SECTOR OUTLAY.
4th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1969-74)

14. • MAIN EMPHASIS ON AGRICULTURE'S GROWTH RATE SO THAT
A CHAIN REACTION CAN START.
• FARED WELL IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS WITH RECORD
PRODUCTION, LAST THREE YEARS FAILURE BECAUSE OF
POOR MONSOON.
• HAD TO TACKLE THE INFLUX OF BANGLADESHI REFUGEES
BEFORE AND AFTER 1971 INDO-PAK WAR.
4th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1969-74)

15. • THE PLAN WAS FORMULATED AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF SEVERE
INFLATIONARY PRESSURE.
• THE FIFTH PLAN PREPARED AND LAUNCHED BY D.D. DHAR PROPOSED
TO ACHIEVE TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES VIZ, 'REMOVAL OF POVERTY'
(GARIBI HATAO) AND 'ATTAINMENT OF SELF RELIANCE', THROUGH
PROMOTION OF HIGH RATE OF GROWTH, BETTER DISTRIBUTION OF
INCOME AND A VERY SIGNIFICANT GROWTH IN THE DOMESTIC RATE
OF SAVINGS.
5th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1974-79)

16. • OBJECTIVES: IN ADDITION TO REMOVAL OF POVERTY AND ATTAINMENT OF
SELF-RELIANCE, THE FIFTH PLAN HAD THE FOLLOWING MAJOR OBJECTIVES.
• 5.5 PER CENT OVERALL RATE OF GROWTH IN GROSS DOMESTIC OBJECTIVES.
• EXPANSION OF PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT AND FULLER UTILISATION OF
EXISTING SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT.
• A NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR MINIMUM NEEDS AND EXTENDED
PROGRAMMES OF SOCIAL WELFARE.
• OUTLAY: A TOTAL OUTLAY OF RS. 53,410 CRORE WAS PROPOSED FOR THE FIFTH
PLAN.
• THE PLAN WAS TERMINATED IN 1978 (INSTEAD OF 1979) WHEN JANTA
GOVT.CAME TO POWER.
5th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1974-79)

17. • THE DRAFT OF THE SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1978-1983) WAS
PRESENTED IN 1978. HOWEVER, THE PLAN WAS TERMINATED WITH
THE CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT IN JANUARY 1980. THE NEW SIXTH
FIVE YEAR PLAN WAS IMPLEMENTED IN APRIL 1980.
• OBJECTIVES:
• TO ELIMINATE UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT.
• TO RAISE THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POOREST OF MASSES.
• TO REDUCE DISPARITIES IN INCOME AND WEALTH.
• OUTLAY: THE PROPOSED OUTLAY FOR THE SIXTH PLAN TOTALLED RS.
1,58,710 CRORE.
6th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1980-85)

18. • THE DRAFT OF THE SEVENTH PLAN WAS APPROVED ON NOVEMBER 9, 1985 BY
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL. THE PLAN WAS PART OF THE LONG-
TERM PLAN FOR THE PERIOD OF 15 YEARS.
• OBJECTIVES:
• DECENTRALISATION OF PLANNING AND FULL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN
DEVELOPMENT.
• THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE GENERATION OF PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT.
• REMOVAL OF POVERTY AND REDUCTION IN INCOME DISPARITIES.
IT WAS A GREAT SUCCESS, THE ECONOMY RECORDED 6% GROWTH RATE
AGAINST THE TARGETED 5%.
7th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1985-90)

19. • THE EIGHTH PLAN WAS POSTPONED BY TWO YEARS BECAUSE OF POLITICAL
UPHEAVALS AT THE CENTRE AND IT WAS LAUNCHED AFTER A WORSENING
BALANCE OF PAYMENT POSITION AND INFLATION DURING 1990-91.
• THE EIGHTH PLAN PROPOSED A GROWTH RATE OF 5.6 PER CENT PER ANNUM
ON AN AVERAGE DURING THE PLAN PERIOD.
• THE EIGHTH PLAN FOCUSED ON CLEAR PRIORITISATION OF SECTORS/PROJECTS
FOR INVESTMENT IN ORDER TO FACILITATE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY
INITIATIVES TAKEN IN THE AREAS OF FISCAL, TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL
SECTORS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
8th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-07)

20. • OBJECTIVES:
• GENERATION OF ADEQUATE EMPLOYMENT TO ACHIEVE NEAR
FULL EMPLOYMENT LEVEL BY THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.
• CONTAINMENT OF POPULATION GROWTH THROUGH PEOPLE'S
ACTIVE CO-OPERATION AND AN EFFECTIVE SCHEME OF
INCENTIVES AND DISINCENTIVES.
• UNIVERSALISATION OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION AND
COMPLETE ERADICATION OF ILLITERACY AMONG THE PEOPLE
IN THE AGE GROUP OF 15 TO 35 YEARS.
8th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-07)

21. • IT BEGAN ON APRIL 1, 1997. THE NINTH PLAN WAS THE
FIRST CONCRETE ATTEMPT TO TRANSLATE THE
PROGRAMME OF ECONOMIC REFORMS AND THE NEW
ECONOMIC POLICY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN
INDICATIVE PLAN.
• THE APPROACH PAPER TO THE NINTH PLAN (1997-2002)
WAS APPROVED BY THE N.D.C. ON 16TH JANUARY, 1997.
9th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)

22. • OBJECTIVES:
• PRIORITY TO AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
• ACCELERATING GROWTH RATE OF ECONOMY
• FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY FOR ALL
• CONTAINING GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
• EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS
SUCH AS SC/ST, BACKWARD CLASSES AND MINORITIES.
• PROMOTING AND DEVELOPING PARTICIPATORY INSTITUTIONS LIKE
"PANCHAYATI RAJ" INSTITUTIONS, CO-OPERATIVES AND SELF-HELP
GROUPS.
9th FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)

23. • ON DECEMBER 21, 2002, THE TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN WAS
APPROVED BY THE NDC. THE PLAN FURTHER DEVELOPED THE NDC
MANDATED OBJECTIVES, OF DOUBLING PER CAPITA INCOME IN 10
YEARS, AND ACHIEVING A GROWTH RATE OF 8% OF GDP PER
ANNUM. THE PLAN HAD A NUMBER OF NEW FEATURES, SUCH AS,
FOR THE FIRST TIME
• IT RECOGNISED THE RAPID GROWTH OF LABOUR FORCE OVER
THE NEXT DECADE
• ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF POVERTY AND THE UNACCEPTABLY
LOW LEVELS OF SOCIAL INDICATORS
10th FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)

24. • ADOPTED A "DIFFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY" TO EQUATE
NATIONAL TARGETS INTO BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS
THERE IS VAST DIFFERENCE IN THE POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS
OF EACH STATE
• RECOGNISED THAT THE GOVERNANCE IS PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST
IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR ENSURING REALISATION OF THE PLAN
• IDENTIFIED MEASURES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY, UNLEASH
ENTREPRENEURIAL ENERGY, AND PROMOTE RAPID AND
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
• PROPOSED MAJOR REFORMS FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR MAKING
'AGRICULTURE' THE CORE ELEMENT OF THE PLAN.
10th FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)

25. SINCE ECONOMIC GROWTH IS NOT THE ONLY OBJECTIVE, THE PLAN AIMS AT
HARNESSING THE BENEFITS OF GROWTH TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE
OF THE PEOPLE BY SETTING THE FOLLOWING KEY TARGETS:
• ALL CHILDREN TO BE IN SCHOOL BY 2003 AND ALL CHILDREN TO
COMPLETE FIVE YEARS OF SCHOOLING BY 2007
• REDUCTION IN POVERTY RATIO FROM 26% TO 21%
• GROWTH IN GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT TO, AT LEAST, KEEP PACE WITH
ADDITION TO THE LABOUR FORCE
• DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH TO REDUCE FROM 21.3% IN 1991-
2001 TO 16.2% BY 2001-11
10th FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)

26. • REDUCING GENDER GAPS IN LITERACY AND WAGE RATES BY 50%
• LITERACY RATE TO INCREASE FROM 65% IN 1999-2000 TO 75% IN 2001
• INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR) TO BE REDUCED FROM 72 IN 1999-2000,
TO 45 IN 2007
• MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR) TO BE REDUCED FROM 4 PER 1000
IN 1999-2000 TO 2 PER 1000 IN 2007
• PROVIDING PORTABLE DRINKING WATER IN ALL VILLAGES
• CLEANING OF MAJOR POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES
• INCREASE IN FOREST/TREE COVER FROM 19% IN 1999-2000 TO 25% IN
2007
10th FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)

27. • GDP GROWTH RATE TO BE INCREASED TO 10% BY THE END OF THE PLAN;
• FARM SECTOR GROWTH TO BE INCREASED TO 4%;
• CREATION OF SEVEN CRORE JOB OPPORTUNITIES;
• REDUCE EDUCATED UNEMPLOYED YOUTH TO BELOW 5 PERCENT
• INFANT MORTALITY RATES TO BE REDUCED TO 28 PER 1000 BIRTHS;
• MATERNAL DEATH RATES TO BE REDUCED TO 1 PER 1000 BIRTHS;
• CLEAN DRINKING WATER TO ALL BY 2009;
• IMPROVE SEX RATIO TO 935 BY 2011-12 AND TO 950 BY 2016-17;
• ENSURE ELECTRICITY CONNECTION TO ALL VILLAGES AND BROADBAND
OVER POWER LINES (BPL) HOUSEHOLDS BY 2009
11th Five Year Plan Highlights

28. • ROADS TO ALL VILLAGES THAT HAVE A POPULATION OF 1000
AND ABOVE BY 2009;
• INCREASE FOREST AND TREE COVER BY 5%;
• ACHIEVE THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION STANDARD
AIR QUALITY IN MAJOR CITIES BY 2011-12;
• TREAT ALL URBAN WASTEWATER BY 2011-12 TO CLEAN
RIVER WATERS;
• INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY 20 PERCENT BY 2016-17
11th Five Year Plan Highlights

29. Five year plan Period Target growth rate of GDP
(%)
Achievement (%)
First plan 1951-56 2.1 3.6
Second plan 1956-61 4.5 4.21
Third plan 1961-66 5.6 2.72
Fourth plan 1969-74 5.7 2.05
Fifth plan 1974-79 4.4 4.83
Previous Five Year Plans

30. Five year plan Period Target growth rate of GDP
(%)
Achievement (%)
Sixth plan 1980-85 5.2 5.54
Seventh plan 1985-90 5.0 6.02
Eight plan 1992-97 5.6 6.68
Ninth Plan 1997-02 6.5 5.55
Tenth plan 2002-07 8.0 7.8
Eleventh plan 2007-12 9.0 7.9
Twelfth plan 2012-17 9.0

31. GROWTH RATE ( %)

32. • Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10%
• Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4%
• Create 70 million new work opportunities.
• Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or above to 85%
• Target growth: 9% ; Growth achieved:7.9%
11th Five Year Plan Highlights

33. • The government on 4th October approved the 12th five year plan
(2012-17) that set average growth target at 8.2 percent.
• The theme of the Approach Paper is
“Faster, Sustainable and more
inclusive growth”
12th Five Year Plan

34. Twelfth Plan Objectives
Basic objective: Faster, More Inclusive, and Sustainable
Growth.
• Could aim at 9.0 to 9.5 percent
• For growth to be more inclusive we need: Better performance in
agriculture
• Faster creation of jobs, especially in manufacturing
• Stronger efforts at health, education and Infrastructure.
• Special plans for disadvantaged/backward regions

35. 1. Enhancing the Capacity for Growth.
2. Enhancing Skills and Faster Generation of Employment.
3. Managing the Environment.
4. Markets for Efficiency and Inclusion.
5. Decentralization, Empowerment and Information.
6. Technology and Innovation.
Strategic Challenges

36. 7. Securing the Energy Future for India.
8. Accelerated Development of Transport Infrastructure.
9. Rural Transformation and Sustained Growth of Agriculture.
10. Managing Urbanization.
11. Improved Access to Quality Education.
12. Better Preventive and Curative Health Care.
Strategic Challenges

37. SECTORS

38. Sl.No. Sectors 11th FYP (achieved) (in %) 12th FYP (in %)
1. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 3.7 4.0
2. Mining 4.7 8.0
3. Manufacturing 7.7 9.8
4. Elect. Gas & Water Supply 6.4 8.5
5. Construction 7.8 10.0
6. Trade, Hotels & Restaurant+
Transport, Storage & Communication
9.9 11.0
7. Financing, Insurance, Real Estate & Business
services
10.7 10.0
8. Community, Social & Personal Services 9.4 8.0
9. Industry 7.4 9.6
10. Services 10.0 10.0
Growth Rate Targets

39. Agriculture
• Target at least 4% growth for agriculture.
• Cereals are on target for 1.5 to 2% growth.
• Land and water are the critical constraints.
Technology must focus on land productivity
and water use efficiency.
• Farmers need better functioning markets
for both outputs and inputs. Also, better
rural infrastructure, including storage and
food processing

40. Industry
• Investment and capacity additions are crucial for sustained industrial growth.
• Need to grow at 11-12% per year to create 2 million additional jobs per year.
Growth in 11th Plan is in 8%.
• Improve business regulatory framework: ‘cost of doing business’,
transparency, incentives for R&D, innovation etc.
• Better consultation and co-ordination in industrial policy making.
• Some sectors should be given special attention because they contribute most
to our objectives.
e.g. Create large employment: textiles and garments, leather and footwear;
gems and jewellery; food processing industries

41. Education
and Skill
Development
• Must aim at universalisation of secondary
education by 2017
• Must aim at raising the Gross Enrolment Ratio
(GER) in Higher Education to 20 percent by
2017 and 25 percent by 2022
• Must focus on quality of education. Must invest
in faculty development and teachers’ training
• Must aim at significant reduction in social,
gender and regional gaps in education.
• Research and innovation in higher education
must be encouraged with cross-linkages
between institutions and industry

42. Health
• Better health is not only about curative care, but about better prevention, Clean
drinking water, sanitation and better nutrition, childcare, etc. Convergence of schemes
across Ministries is needed.
• Expenditure on health by Centre and States to increase from 1.3% of GDP to at least
2.0%, and perhaps 2.5% of GDP by end of 12th Plan
• Desperate shortage of medical personnel. Need targeted approach to increase seats in
medical colleges, nursing colleges and other licensed health professionals
• Focus on women and children; ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) needs
to be revamped .

43. Energy
• Commercial energy demand will increase at 7% p.a. if GDP grows
at 9%. This will require a major supply side response and also
demand management
• Energy pricing is a major issue. Petroleum and Coal prices are
significantly below world prices and world prices are unlikely to
soften.

44.  Power Sector Issues
• We must set a target of 100,000 MW capacity in 12th Plan (against
achievement of 50,000 MW in Eleventh Plan)
• Coal availability will be a major constraint.
• Hydro-power development seriously hindered by forest and
environment clearance procedures. Himalayan States complain strongly.
• Electricity tariffs not being revised to reflect rising costs. Regulators are
being held back from allowing justified tariff increases.

45.  OTHER ENERGY SOURCES
• Nuclear power programme must continue with necessary safety
review.
• Solar Mission is seriously underfunded.
• Need longer term energy solution for cooking in rural areas. Expand
LPG network (with cash subsidy for the deserving, not subsidized
prices). Also use off grid solar and bio-mass energy
• Wind power development, including off shore wind power, needs to
be encouraged

46. Urban Development
• India’s urban population is expected to
increase from 400 million in 2011 to about
600 million or more by 2030
• Critical challenges are basic urban services
especially for the poor: water, sewerage,
sanitation, solid waste management,
affordable housing, public transport
• Investment required in urban infrastructure is
estimated at `60 lakh crore over the next 20
years
• Land management strategies key for good
urban development as well as financing urban
infrastructure development

47. Infrastructure
• High Speed Rail link between Delhi-
Mumbai and Delhi-Kolkata in the
Twelfth Five Year Plan
• Complete the linkages between the ports
and the existing road and rail network.
Need to deepen existing ports. Increase
bulk/container capacity
• Ensure sufficient provision for
maintenance of the already-built roads
• Invest in unified tolling and better safety
on highways
• Improve bus services/public transport in
smaller cities, towns and districts.

49. SECTORIAL CONTRIBUTION IN GDP
12th Five Year Plan Compared to 11th Plan (2007-2012)

50. • Created by: Suyash