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© 2003 IBM CorporationIBM Confidential
A brief look at IBM mainframe history
24-08-2007
Siva Prasanth Rentala
IGSI, TPO,PUNE.

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© 200 ３ IBMIBM Confidential
A brief look at IBM
mainframe history

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© 200 ３ IBMIBM Confidential
System 360

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System 360
On April 7, 1964 IBM introduced System/360, a family of five increasingly
powerful computers that ran the same operating system and could use
the same44 peripheral devices.
For the first time, companies could run mission-critical applications for
business on a highly secure platform.
In 1969, Apollo 11's successful landing on the moon was supported by
several.
System 360s, Information Management System (IMS) 360 and IBM
software.
In 1968, IBM introduced Customer Information Control System (CICS). It
allowed workplace personnel to enter, update, and retrieve data
online. To date, CICS remains one of the industry's most popular
transaction monitors.

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© 200 ３ IBMIBM Confidential
System 370

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System 370
In the summer of 1970, IBM announced a family of machines with an
enhanced instruction set, called System/370. These machines were capable
of using more than one processor in the same system (initially two), sharing
the memory.
Through the 1970s the machines got bigger and faster, and multiprocessor
systems became common.
Able to run System/360 programs, thus easing the upgrade burden for
customers, System/370 was also one of the first lines of computers to include
“virtual memory” technology.

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3081 processor complex

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3081 processor complex
1980 saw the introduction of the 3081 processor. The 3081 offered a two-
fold increase in internal performance from the previous mainframe
processor, the 3033. It also featured Thermal Conduction Modules
(TCMs) that significantly reduce space, cooling, and power requirements.

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Pundits thought mainframes will not exist 1990.
Some industry pundits, however, didn't think the mainframe would
survive the early 1990s. They predicted that the rapid growth in
personal computers and small servers would render “Big Iron”
(industry jargon for mainframe) obsolete.
But IBM believed that serious, security-rich, industrial-strength
computing would always be in demand, hence System/390. IBM
stuck with the mainframe, but reinvented it from the inside,
infusing it with an entirely new technology core and reducing its
price.

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S390 G5 and G6

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S390 G5 and G6
IBM introduced the concept of System Clustering and Data Sharing, and
announced System/390 Parallel Sysplex, which made possible very high
levels of system availability.
Still in 1999, IBM introduced the first enterprise server to use IBM's
innovative copper chip technology. The synergy helped extend customers'
ability to handle millions of e-business workload transactions and large-
scale Enterprise Resource Planning applications. A new concept arose at
that time, the possibility to increase the machines’ capacity without
stopping them.
FICON, a new fiber optic channel was introduced with up to eight times
the capacity of ESCON channels. Also in 1999, Linux appeared on
System/390 for the first time.
Also in 1999, Linux appeared on System/390 for
the first time.

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zSeries mainframes
In October 2000, IBM announced the first generation of the zSeries
mainframes.
The z/Architecture is an extension of ESA/390 and supports 64-bit
addressing.
Dynamic channel management was also introduced, as well as specialized
cryptographic capability. The mainframe became “open” and capable of
executing Linux; special processors (IFLs) were developed.
z900 was launched in 2000 and was the first IBM server “designed from the
ground up for e-business.”

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zSeries mainframes

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Z 990

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Z 990
zSeries is based on the 64-bit z/Architecture, which is designed to reduce
memory and storage bottlenecks and which can automatically direct
resources to priority workloads through Intelligent Resource Director (IRD).
IRD is a key feature of the z/Architecture.
The z990 provides a multibook system structure that supports the
configuration of one to four books.
Each book is comprised of a Multiple Chip Module (MCM) with 12 processors,
of which eight can be configured as standard processors; memory cards that
can support up to 64 GB of memory per book; and high performance Self-
Timed Interconnects. The maximum number of processors available on a
z990 is 32.

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z9-109

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z9-109
The latest generation of mainframes, the IBM System z9 109 (also known as
the z9-109) is the next step in the evolution of the IBM mainframe family. It
uses the z/Architecture and instruction set (with some extensions) of the z900
and z990 servers.
(This architecture, formerly known as ESAME Architecture, is commonly
570 Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics
known as 64-bit architecture, although it provides much more than 64-bit
capability.)
The physical appearance of the z9-109 server and z990 servers is
very similar. However, in addition to extending zSeries technology, the z9-109
server delivers enhancements in the areas of performance, scalability,
availability, security and virtualization.

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z9-109
The z9-109 server continues such growth by providing a significantly higher-
performance option for channel programming.
Examples of further mainframe evolution in the z9-109 include:
A modular multi-book design that supports one to four books and up to 54
processor units (customer-usable PUs) per server Full 64-bit real and virtual
storage support, and any logical partition can be defined for 31-bit or 64-bit
addressability Up to 512GB of system memory Up to 60 logical partitions
In previous generations of mainframes, the number of I/O devices in a system
was limited by the number of channels, the number of control units on each
channel, and the number of devices on each channel. The addressing structure
also provided a limitation. The fixed three-byte addresses (one byte each for
channel, control unit, and device) of early systems evolved into four-byte device
numbers allowing up to almost 64K device addresses. The z9-109 server
continues this growth by providing Multiple Subchannel Sets (MSS), allowing up
to almost 128K device addresses.

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© 200 ３ IBMIBM Confidential
Few Technologies on mainframe.
AS
AS/400
Assembler
Brio
ChangeMan
CICS
CLIST
COBOL
CoolGen
CSP
DB2
DFSORT
Easytrieve
Endevor
FileAid
IDMS
IMS
Java
Java Script
JCL
ICM
OpenSource
Mainframe
VB
SOA
ODBC
ITS
Web2.0
UsefulSoftware
Focus
PLI

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Here am trying to list the companies who deal with
mainframes. I hope it will be useful.
INFOSYS
HCL
ACCENTURE
TCS
IBM
PATNI
KANBY
CTS
COVANYS
EDS
WIPRO
POLARIS
L&T
VETTRI
SATHYAM/PC
S
MASCON
SYNTEL
XANSA
HCL
HPS4
Ford
Hexaware
verizon
Mpowerss
MASTEK
ANZ
Iflex
CGI
HSBC
MPHASIS
MBT
CITI BANK
COLES MYERS
DETUSCHE
BANK
NET CRAFT
INFINITY
PHENIX
EFUNDS
MINDTREE
MINDTEK
FEDILITY
TIMKEN
DIGITAL
KEANE
POLARIS
MAJORIS
US Software
Macro Soft
Nest

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THANK YOU