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Child and youth care reform & 
the Youth risks reference index (VIR) 
Tijne Berg- le Clercq 
The Netherlands Youth Institute 
1
Netherlands Youth Institute 
The Dutch National centre of Expertise 
on children, parenting and families 
Main areas of expertise: 
•Effective parenting and healthy child 
development 
•Challenges in parenting and child development 
•Guidelines, effective interventions and 
instruments 
•Strengthening professionals working with 
children and families 
2
Our success stories 
• Child well-being nr 1! 
• High % children in formal child-care 
• Low youth unemployment 
• Few early school-leavers 
* the 'Drive to Reduce Drop-out 
Rates' approach 
* Strong connection school- youth 
care services 3
Characteristics of the Dutch youth care system 
• Division between policy and financing & 
implementation and practice 
• Division between prevention and universal 
services and specialised care (old system), 
fragmentation 
• Division between voluntary and forced 
care 
4
5
Problem analysis of the current system 
• Imbalance in focus: too much at risk 
• Fragmentation: 17 professionals in one 
family 
• The prevailing practice 
of referrals 
• Unmanageability 
and contradiciting consequences 
• Increased use of care & medical route 
6
From present to future 
National level 
Health insurance Act 
Exceptional medical expenses Act 
Mental health care, care for physical 
and mental disabilities 
Secure institutions 
Provincial level 
Youth Care Act 
Youth Care Agencies 
Indicated ambulant, foster and 
residential care, 
Municipality 
Social support act 
Parenting support, Youth and Family 
Centres, public health, general services 
National level 
Health insurance Act 
Exceptional medical expenses Act 
(without child and youth services) 
Municipality 
New Youth Act 
All responsibilities 
decentralised, including 
mental health care 
7
The future situation: municipalities 
• By 2015 shift of tasks & youth care 
responsibilities to municipalities 
• Integration of all domains at local level 
• No separate assessment agency 
• Less demand for specialised services? 
• More early intervention 
and support and less referrals?
Some things will never (?) change … 
9 
• Reporting code: 5 steps (for suspicions of 
child abuse) 
1. Identify the signs 
2. Peer consultation and, if necessary with AMK 
3. Interview client 
4. Assess the nature and severity of the identified 
child abuse 
5. Reaching a decision: organizing assistance 
yourself or filing a report 
• Youth risks reference index (VIR): 
Use for reasonable suspicion of threats to ‘necessary 
conditions’ for healthy & secure child development
Youth risks reference index (VIR) 
What? 
A Dutch national electronic (IT) signposting 
system 
that matches risk signals 
of youth (up to 23 years), 
as reported 
by professionals working with youth 10
Youth risks reference index (VIR) 
Who? 
National guidelines on authorized organizations 
include: 
•Child health professionals 
•Social workers 
•Family guardians 
•Child protection agencies 
•Schools 
•Police 
•Youth care agencies 
•Etc. etc. 
Local differences in authorized organizations 11
Youth risks reference index (VIR) 
How? (implementation) 
•Legal regulations on: 
– Who can enter risk reports: Authorized organizations & 
indivuals 
– What information can (not) be shared 
– Technical standards on how to share info 
•National starter pack for municipalities 
•National & regional PR-materials 
•National funding for development of national system 
•Municipalities pay for connecting their organization 
•Non ringfenced funding for local implementation 
•Via support of VIR-providers 12
Youth risks reference index (VIR): research 
What? 
•Keymolen & Broeders (2011) of Scientific Council 
for government policy: analysis of VIR 
development 
•DSP-groep & Jas (2012): practical use of VIR & 
authorized organizations 
•Lecluijze et al. (2013) of Maastricht University: 
Implementation of VIR in practice in the southern 
part of NL 13
Youth risks reference index (VIR): research 
When? 
14
Youth risks reference index (VIR): research 
Where? Great local & regional diversity: 
•# reports 
•Mechanisms to ensure that a match leads to 
action 
Who? Most reports made by: 
•Schools 
•Child health professionals 
•Organisations providing social support 
15
Youth risks reference index (VIR): 
research 
Why? Main reasons & barriers for (non)reporting: 
16 
Reasons Barriers 
* Professional assessment: it is 
necessary 
*Duty to inform client/ parents 
about making risk reports 
* Desire to know if other 
professionals share concerns 
* Can not make adequate 
assessment of consequences of 
reporting 
* Required according to 
reporting criteria 
* Too little information 
available to make a report
Youth risks reference index (VIR): research 
How? Recommended ways to optimize 
(working with) the VIR: 
•Training in ICT & privacy regulations 
•Unambiguity in registration criteria/ risk concept 
•More information about VIR to authorized professionals 
•Expand group of authorized organizations (eg child care, 
youth workers & midwives) 
•Promotion of VIR by authorized organizations 
•More publicity about its surplus value: supraregional 
cooperation) 
•Give feedback on the reported signals 
•Expand ICT application with an address-‐ or family match 17
Youth risks reference index (VIR): 
Future situation 
• Included in new Youth Act & related regulations 
• Expansion of ICT application with a family 
match 
• VIR can help realise the ambition of 1 family-1 
plan 
18
Thank you for your attention 
19 
More information: 
www.youthpolicy.nl 
Tijne Berg- le Clercq: t.berg@nji.nl

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Child and youth care reform

  • 1. Child and youth care reform & the Youth risks reference index (VIR) Tijne Berg- le Clercq The Netherlands Youth Institute 1
  • 2. Netherlands Youth Institute The Dutch National centre of Expertise on children, parenting and families Main areas of expertise: •Effective parenting and healthy child development •Challenges in parenting and child development •Guidelines, effective interventions and instruments •Strengthening professionals working with children and families 2
  • 3. Our success stories • Child well-being nr 1! • High % children in formal child-care • Low youth unemployment • Few early school-leavers * the 'Drive to Reduce Drop-out Rates' approach * Strong connection school- youth care services 3
  • 4. Characteristics of the Dutch youth care system • Division between policy and financing & implementation and practice • Division between prevention and universal services and specialised care (old system), fragmentation • Division between voluntary and forced care 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. Problem analysis of the current system • Imbalance in focus: too much at risk • Fragmentation: 17 professionals in one family • The prevailing practice of referrals • Unmanageability and contradiciting consequences • Increased use of care & medical route 6
  • 7. From present to future National level Health insurance Act Exceptional medical expenses Act Mental health care, care for physical and mental disabilities Secure institutions Provincial level Youth Care Act Youth Care Agencies Indicated ambulant, foster and residential care, Municipality Social support act Parenting support, Youth and Family Centres, public health, general services National level Health insurance Act Exceptional medical expenses Act (without child and youth services) Municipality New Youth Act All responsibilities decentralised, including mental health care 7
  • 8. The future situation: municipalities • By 2015 shift of tasks & youth care responsibilities to municipalities • Integration of all domains at local level • No separate assessment agency • Less demand for specialised services? • More early intervention and support and less referrals?
  • 9. Some things will never (?) change … 9 • Reporting code: 5 steps (for suspicions of child abuse) 1. Identify the signs 2. Peer consultation and, if necessary with AMK 3. Interview client 4. Assess the nature and severity of the identified child abuse 5. Reaching a decision: organizing assistance yourself or filing a report • Youth risks reference index (VIR): Use for reasonable suspicion of threats to ‘necessary conditions’ for healthy & secure child development
  • 10. Youth risks reference index (VIR) What? A Dutch national electronic (IT) signposting system that matches risk signals of youth (up to 23 years), as reported by professionals working with youth 10
  • 11. Youth risks reference index (VIR) Who? National guidelines on authorized organizations include: •Child health professionals •Social workers •Family guardians •Child protection agencies •Schools •Police •Youth care agencies •Etc. etc. Local differences in authorized organizations 11
  • 12. Youth risks reference index (VIR) How? (implementation) •Legal regulations on: – Who can enter risk reports: Authorized organizations & indivuals – What information can (not) be shared – Technical standards on how to share info •National starter pack for municipalities •National & regional PR-materials •National funding for development of national system •Municipalities pay for connecting their organization •Non ringfenced funding for local implementation •Via support of VIR-providers 12
  • 13. Youth risks reference index (VIR): research What? •Keymolen & Broeders (2011) of Scientific Council for government policy: analysis of VIR development •DSP-groep & Jas (2012): practical use of VIR & authorized organizations •Lecluijze et al. (2013) of Maastricht University: Implementation of VIR in practice in the southern part of NL 13
  • 14. Youth risks reference index (VIR): research When? 14
  • 15. Youth risks reference index (VIR): research Where? Great local & regional diversity: •# reports •Mechanisms to ensure that a match leads to action Who? Most reports made by: •Schools •Child health professionals •Organisations providing social support 15
  • 16. Youth risks reference index (VIR): research Why? Main reasons & barriers for (non)reporting: 16 Reasons Barriers * Professional assessment: it is necessary *Duty to inform client/ parents about making risk reports * Desire to know if other professionals share concerns * Can not make adequate assessment of consequences of reporting * Required according to reporting criteria * Too little information available to make a report
  • 17. Youth risks reference index (VIR): research How? Recommended ways to optimize (working with) the VIR: •Training in ICT & privacy regulations •Unambiguity in registration criteria/ risk concept •More information about VIR to authorized professionals •Expand group of authorized organizations (eg child care, youth workers & midwives) •Promotion of VIR by authorized organizations •More publicity about its surplus value: supraregional cooperation) •Give feedback on the reported signals •Expand ICT application with an address-‐ or family match 17
  • 18. Youth risks reference index (VIR): Future situation • Included in new Youth Act & related regulations • Expansion of ICT application with a family match • VIR can help realise the ambition of 1 family-1 plan 18
  • 19. Thank you for your attention 19 More information: www.youthpolicy.nl Tijne Berg- le Clercq: t.berg@nji.nl

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Connection youth care services: ZAT/ school social workers/ future cooperation (joint school boards & municipalities) - The Netherlands retains its position as the clear leader and is the only country ranked among the top five countries in all dimensions of child well-being. » The Netherlands is also the clear leader when well-being is evaluated by children themselves – with 95% of its children rating their own lives above the midpoint of the Life Satisfaction Scale (see Part 2). Low youth unemployment possible few early school leavers & pessimistic: youth dont register for unemployment Over 2012 the Netherlands has a relatively low percentage of Early School Leavers (8,8%) compared to the EU -15 member states (13,7%). The proportion of Early School Leavers in the age category 18–25 has been reduced by one third to 10 percent over the past decade. Thus, the Netherlands precisely met the target set by the EU in 2000. Since 2002, the 'Drive to Reduce Drop-out Rates' approach has already led to a reduction in the number of early school leavers from 71,000 in 2001 to 38,600 (provisional result for the 2010-2011 school year). The objective of the former Balkenende II Government was to reduce the number of new early school leavers to 35,000 by 2012. These results are partly achieved by long-term performance agreements ('covenants') between schools, municipalities, and national government, joint action by professionals in each region (schools, municipalities, youth care workers, business and industry) and a 'no cure no pay' performance-related funding policy per early school leaver less. An extra incentive for the period from 2008 to 2011, funding has been made available for educational programmes and for setting up plus facilities especially for 'overburdened' young people i.e. those who are unable to gain a qualification due to a combination of financial, social, material, and often also judicial problems. The Netherlands scores well on formal childcare. For children up to 3 years the NL has the second highest rate of children in formal childcare in the EU (52% in 2011). For children between 3 and the minimum compulsory school age, the Netherlands scores 6% above the EU average (89% vs. 83% respectively in 2011).
  2. Could you shortly tell us about youth services in the Netherlands and how is it organised? Child welfare and child protection In The Netherlands the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is responsible for overall youth policy and most specialised services for families and children. The Ministry of Security and Justice is responsible for juvenile justice policy and related institutions. The Ministry for Security and Justice is responsible for the Child Care and Protection Board. The 15 provincial authorities/large urban areas and 408 local authorities also have responsibilities regarding youth policy and related services. They carry out their tasks with a great degree of autonomy. Child welfare policyThe Dutch Youth Care SystemIn The Netherlands the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is responsible for overall youth policy and most specialised services for families and children. The Ministry of Security and Justice is responsible for juvenile justice policy and related institutions. The 15 provincial authorities/large urban areas and 408 local authorities also have responsibilities regarding youth policy and related services. They carry out their tasks with a great degree of autonomy.  The Dutch youth care system consists of:Universal services;Preventive services;Specialised servicesDifferent layers of the Dutch government are responsible for coordinating these services.General and preventive youth policyThe 408 Dutch municipalities are responsible for universal and preventive youth policy.Universal services (basic care)Universal services are for example youth work, child care and regular schools. These services aim to facilitate the normal development of children and to prevent small problems of children and families turning into severe problems.Preventive services (primary care)The municipalities are also responsible for preventive youth policy. Preventive services (or primary youth care services) are for example child health care, general social work, parenting support and the Youth and Family Centres. These preventive services aim to detect problems at an early stage, to intervene at an early stage, to coordinate support and to refer children and families to the provincial youth care services.Specialised services (secondary care)Both the regional and national government are responsible for the specialised services for youth and families. Specialised services are for example the provincial youth care services, youth mental health care services and child protection services. In The Netherlands, 12 provinces and 3 large urban areas are responsible for the so-called Youth Care Agencies and the youth care services.Youth care agenciesThe provincial Youth Care Agencies are access points for the provincial youth care services. These independent agencies asses the needs and the situation of children and families with serious development and/or parenting problems and refer them to these services. The provincial Youth Care Agencies are also responsible for the coordination of care, youth protection and youth probation.Care providersIn contrast, several kinds of care providers provide specialised care, coordination of care and aftercare. This includes the provincial youth care services that provide specialised youth care, such as intensive ambulatory support and specialised pedagogical support at home for multi-problem families, semi-residential care, residential care, foster care and secure care. Other kinds of specialised care includes for instance youth mental health care and care for youth with mental disabilities as well as youth probation as child protection.Relevant Dutch legislation on children and young peopleIn the Netherlands there is no encompassing law for issues on children and young people. However, two laws are very important:The Social Support ActOn 1 January 2007 the Social Support Act (in Dutch: Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning - Wmo) came into force.The Social Support Act (2007) holds municipalities responsible for setting up social support. The aim is participation of all citizens in all facets of society, if necessary with help from friends, family or acquaintances. The local authorities have a high degree of freedom regarding the implementation of the law’s nine so-called ‘performance areas’. Regarding preventive development for children and parenting support for parents all municipalities must:offer information and advice;identify possible problems;give guidance to help;offer pedagogical help;coordinate care.The Youth Care ActThe Youth Care Act (in Dutch: de Wet op de Jeugdzorg), introduced in 2005, is the legal framework of youth care services for youth at risk and their families. It aims to ensure that high-quality care is available to young people and their parents and to strengthen the position of young people and their parents. According to this law, children that received an admission to care from a Youth Care Agency can claim their right to actually receive youth care. This act will be replaced by the Youth Act at some point at the end of 2013.This section outlines the future child welfare system in The Netherlands in more detail.
  3. What kind of challenges have you faced so far The reason is that there is a growing concern about the number of families receiving some form of specialized care. Recently, it was estimated that one out of each seven children and adolescents in our country receives specialized care. This is even more worrying, since it is predicted that in the next years the consumption of special care will grow spectacularly. As for youth care, the average growth rate over the years is about 7,5 percent per year. This means that – if nothing changes - the total amount of youth care consumption will double in the next 10 years. Mental health care shows an average growth rate of about 12,5 per cent each year. If nothing changes, the total consumption of this type of care will double in the next 7 years. As to the special education for children with severe behaviour and psychiatric disorders the average growth rate over the past years has been about 17,5% per year. Again, if nothing changes, it is predicted that the number of children in this type of education will double in the next five years. A review of my institute showed that these trends are also observed in other European countries. What is going on here? What explains these worrying trends? Let op: NL In The Netherlands, through the Youth Care Act young people and parents get support for problems with growing up and parenting. Yearly, about 5% of all Dutch children and young people receive some type of youth care (± 160,000).
  4. Why did you choose to make a national youth law (why didn't you have it before?) - Other name- before national youth care act. - Other children services in other acts (eg child care act)
  5. This was the situation of the Dutch Youth Care System at this moment. From 2015 on this system will change: By 2015 the tasks and responsibilities for youth care will all go to the municipalities. Prevention and care will be provided for by the same financial and legal governance. The youth care agencies will disappear Every municipality has to provide for a low threshold place for advice and help These changes aim at a more coherent, transparent, efficient and less expensive system. There should be less referrals and less demand for specialized care. One family, one plan Integrated working Case management Social Domain
  6. What will not change:Role of universal services Supervision Reporting code Youth risks reference index (VIR) Reporting code for domestic violence and child abuse In the Netherlands,there is no mandatory reporting regarding child abuse. However, professionals working with families, children or adults that suspect child abuse (or domestic violence) are required by law to use a reporting code. A reporting code outlines the five steps these professionals must take when suspecting child abuse. Organisations and indepenent professionals are required to draw up their own reporting code that include these five steps: Identifying the signs Peer consultation and, if necessary, consultation with the Advice and Reporting Centre Child Abuse and Neglect (or the Domestic Violence Advice and Support Centre) Interview with the client Assess the nature and severity of the identified child abuse (or domestic violence) Reaching a decision: organising assistance yourself or filing a report * supervision * reporting code *youth risk reference index As the law now states, professionals involved with children should report to the Reference Index when they have a ‘reasonable suspicion’ that the ‘necessary conditions’ for a healthy and secure development of a child are threatened (Eerste Kamer, 2008–09). Risks are described in a general sense as problems that disturb the personal development of a child and/or constitute a severe threat to a child’s future. The general terms used to describe what encompasses a risk must give professionals the room to formulate a risk profile tailored to their work field and professional expertise. A risk profile used in a school, for example, differs from one used by the police. Moreover, every case is unique and cannot be completely captured by the law. However, to assist professionals involved with children in determining whether there is a risk at hand, reporting conditions have been formulated by the Ministry for Youth and Family and put online for voluntary consultation ( Problems occur in respect of these youths that threaten their physical, mental, social and/or cognitive development, as a result of which they run the risk of becoming drop outs.
  7. A reference index is an ict application that contains and shares notifications or alerts. It is used in particular in the care/youth care sector to allow various social workers and care organisations to communicate with one another. The VIR, formerly known as the high-risk youth reference index, is an IT application that registers risk reports concerning youths aged up to 23. Problems occur in respect of these youths that threaten their physical, mental, social and/or cognitive development, as a result of which they run the risk of becoming drop outs. Youth workers from the youth chain report these risks. If reports on a youth have been made before, the institutions involved will be informed about each other’s report. The better information exchange in the youth chain results in improved coordination of the organisations’ activities. The VIR uses the building blocks Digikoppeling, BSN en GBA.
  8. Let op- gaat om samenwerken Verwijsindex risicojongeren Door de invoering van de Jeugdwet wordt de verwijsindex risicojongeren uitgebreid met de gezinsfunctionaliteit. Deze gezinsfunctionaliteit houdt in dat professionals die een jeugdige hebben gemeld in de verwijsindex niet alleen met elkaar wordt gematcht, maar ook worden gematcht met professionals die een jeugdige met dezelfde ouder of met hetzelfde adres hebben gemeld. De gezinsfunctionaliteit draagt bij aan het werken vanuit het principe ‘één gezin, één plan, één regisseur’. Gemeenten kunnen hun regionale geautomatisee De Wet op de jeugdzorg vermeldt de volgende meldingsbevoegde organisaties: Bureau Jeugdzorg, landelijk/ regionaal werkende organisatie die jeugdzorgtaken uitvoert, organisatie voor jeugdgezondheidszorg, school, organisatie met regionale meld--‐ en coördinatiefunctie, organisatie voor maatschappelijke ondersteuning, gemeentelijke kredietbank, politie, justitie, Raad voor de Kinderbescherming en anders zijde aangewezen functionaris (“Wat is de verwijsindex risicojongeren”, n.d.). 1 Reference Index for youth at risk The goal of this factsheet is to provide a general overview of the Reference Index for Youth at Risk. Introduction In the Netherlands, through a change in the Youth Care Act the end of 2009, it is arranged that every municipality in the Netherlands works with a so called Reference Index for youth at risk (in Dutch: Verwijsindex Risicojongeren - VIR). The VIR is a national electronic signposting system that brings together risk signals of youth (up to 23 years), as reported by social workers. The VIR has four missions, namely: to prevent problems from escalating; to improve the exchange of information between the different professional systems; to facilitate an efficient collaboration between professionals as well as coordinated assistance; to improve the assistance for children at risk. The guidelines set by the national government allow municipalities to decide on the local level at which actors can participate in the Reference Index. Beyond the ‘usual suspects’ such as social workers and family guardians who are allowed to enter risk signals in the Reference Index, schools, child day-care facilities, homecare and playground supervisors may report a child at risk. Social workers who work in youth health care, education, youth care and with the police can use the VIR system. rde systeem aanpassen.
  9. Gemeenten betalen voor techniek- geld voor uitvoering: maken convenant, training medewerkers The case of the Reference Index for Juveniles at Risk shows, moreover, that the statutory foundations are often provided only after the projects have been up and running for quite some time and their structure and design have long been decided (what data is to be included, who is to supply the data, who will have access to it, what other initiatives will be linked to Draagvlak voor en kennis over de VIR blijkt nog niet voldoende aanwezig te zijn bij de meldingsbevoegde professionals en organisaties. Dit ondanks de gegeven trainingen, het inbedden van de verwijsindex in het werkproces en het geven van voorlichtingsdagen. De implementatie van de VIR is een moeizaam proces geweest dat nog niet blijkt afgerond it, etc.) (Keymolen & Prins 2011). The guidelines set by the national government allow municipalities to decide on the local level at which actors can participate in the Reference Index. Beyond the ‘usual suspects’ such as social workers and family guardians who are allowed to enter risk signals in the Reference Index, schools, child day-care facilities, homecare and playground supervisors may report a child at risk. However, to assist professionals involved with children in determining whether there is a risk at hand, reporting conditions have been formulated by the Ministry for Youth and Family and put online for voluntary consultation De juriste van het Finse ministerie van onderwijs en cultuur was zeer geïnteresseerd in de randvoorwaarden die de wet stelt. Het wettelijk domein waarbinnen de verwijsindex wordt gebruikt, stelt zeer strikte voorwaarden en stelt strenge restricties aan de aard van de informatie die binnen de verwijsindex gedeeld mag worden en over de manier waarop dat mag. Om die reden beperken wij de mogelijkheden van de applicatie tot de wettelijke ruimte en bieden wij, om toch zoveel mogelijk vanuit bronsystemen te kunnen ondersteunen, een koppelingsmodel waarin het mogelijk is om aan bevoegde personen vanuit andere applicaties exact die informatie aan te reiken die hoort binnen de rol die ze in de verwijsindex hebben, zonder het risico te lopen dat er “schaduwsystemen” ontstaan in systemen die ruimere inzagemogelijkheden hebben. Cliënten mogen er vanuit gaan dat hun gegevens binnen de wettelijke richtlijnen behandeld en geregistreerd worden. Legal regulations on: participating actors what information can (not) be shared & how (technical standards) Hoe wordt het gebruik gestimuleerd? Door inbedding in de dagelijkse werkprocessen van professionals, een signaal afgeven als voorwaarde te stellen voorafgaand aan casuïstiek overleg, het geven van periodieke trainingen, opname in subsidievoorwaarden, het uitwisselen van best practices, het organiseren van (regio)bijeenkomsten en zo meer. National & regional PR-materials for professionals & general public: handreiking risoc factoren, handreiking voor ouders, fimlples The government developed the VIR, stimulates the use of it and takes care of the statutory of the use. The former Ministry of Youth and Family made a starter pack for the municipalities. This pack includes the ICT-application and tools for the introduction in the municipality, for instance , a concept for a cooperation agreement and a privacy protocol. Via support of X implementation organisations: training, inclusion in funding criteria, exchange of good practices Making the Child Index work entails a lot of infrastructural work: next to structuring users’ behavior through the material form of an ICT tool, a lot of money has also been invested in making professionals actually use the Index. Besides information meetings, training sessions, and manuals, policy makers developed rules and regulations on how to use the Child Index. In practice professionals feel uncomfortable to use the Index, so they negotiate their discretionary space and use workarounds to make the Index fit their working practices. NUP: The NUP is a joint priorities programme of municipal governments, provincial governments, water boards and central government. It presents a list of nineteen NUP building blocks and six example projects. These facilities together form the basic infrastructure for the realisation of eGovernment. The NUP not only wishes to give priority to these facilities, but also aims to enhance its control of the realisation process. A primary goal is the way in which government bodies can use the eGovernment infrastructure to aim for a better service provision. Over the past few years a great deal of infrastructure has been built for eGovernment. This must be used more effectively, just as with the knowledge and experience gained in this procedure. That is why, within the broad range of all these government programmes, the NUP has given priority to nineteen NUP building blocks. These represent the prerequisites for proper online communication between the government and the public, and for better service provision, which includes lower administrative burdens. By focusing on these building blocks, the NUP can more effectively control developments concerning eGovernment and the cohesion between the various programmes. Six example projects, spread amongst the various policy fields, illustrate how eGovernment basic infrastructure facilitates the realisation and concrete improvement ofservice provision. They contribute significantly to reducing the administrative burden. Six example projects have been added to the NUP: a showroom of the advantages which a basic infrastructure offers to citizens and businesses alike. The NUP consists of twenty-five projects: nineteen basic facilities and six example projects [see box]. These basic facilities have been selected because they form the prerequisites for efficient online traffic between the government and the general public. The six example projects illustrate how the service provision is actually improving, by using the basic facilities. Agreements have been made for all components of the NUP for a date by which they must have been realized, and the date by which all parties must be connected to the relevant facility, subject to a deadline of 1 January 2011. Financial Rules The NUP sets out clear financial rules. Central government pays for the development of IT facilities. Municipal authorities, provincial authorities and water boards pay for the connections of their own organisations. Parties shall make further agreements as soon as possible in regard to the costs of using these basic facilities. This will take place via budget financing, i.e. funding will come out of the budget of the department responsible. The development of basic facilities is financed by the government organisation responsible for the facility involved. Generally speaking, central government is in principle responsible for the national infrastructural basic facilities. The operation and management of common registers are/ will be budget-financed, provided this can take place efficiently and budget-neutral. A working group is examining whether this is the case. Budget-financing is a method of financing whereby the operational and management costs are not passed on to users in proportion to use, but financed out of the budget of the ministry responsible. Accordinglygovernment authorities no longer have to invoice one another for the use of each other’s data. The VIR, formerly known as the high-risk youth reference index, is an IT application that registers risk reports concerning youths aged up to 23. Problems occur in respect of these youths that threaten their physical, mental, social and/or cognitive development, as a result of which they run the risk of becoming drop outs. Youth workers from the youth chain report these risks. If reports on a youth have been made before, the institutions involved will be informed about each other’s report. The better information exchange in the youth chain results in improved coordination of the organisations’ activities. The VIR uses the building blocks Digikoppeling, BSN en GBA. De instanties die aan de verwijsindex mogen melden zijn vastgelegd in de Wet op de jeugdzorg . Het betreft onder meer organisaties als het CJG, maatschappelijk werk, scholen (ZAT’s), AMK, politie en justitie.2 Professionals mogen jongeren melden die problemen ondervinden, volgens de eigen professionele inschatting, aan de hand van richtlijnen of meldcriteria. Alleen geautoriseerde hulpverleners mogen een melding doen
  10. What? Scientific Council for government policy (eg Keymolen & Broeders, 2011) - iGovermnment: the aim of this book is to offer recommendations for a more self-aware information government Keymolen & Broeders: we therefore analyse the development of the National Reference Index in the Netherlands as a process of ‘double translation’: first, how public sentiment is translated into a database tool and, second, how nationally formulated aims and guidelines for the tool are translated into local practices. We analyse the translation from the national to the local level on the basis of the local system of the city of Rotterdam, called SISA (SI stands for Signaleren (to signal) and SA stands for Samenwerken (to collaborate)). Dsp groep/ Jas Jas:multi--‐method design is used, to gather data on the surplus value of the VIR, the practical use of the VIR, the organization of the VIR and future perspectives for the VIR Op grond van artikel II van de Wet verwijsindex risicojongeren (Stb. 2010,89) zendt de verantwoordelijk bewindspersoon binnen twee jaar na inwerkingtreding van deze wet een verslag aan de Staten--‐Generaal over het gebruik van de verwijsindex risicojongeren (VIR) door professionals. Het betreft een tussentijdse evaluatie van de wet, expliciet en uitsluitend gericht op het gebruik van de VIR en daarbinnen in het bijzonder op de samenstelling van de kring van Meldingsbevoegden= authorized organizations Maastricht University (see Lecluijze et al., 2013) Through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and document analysis we followed the implementation process of this ICT tool in practice.
  11. In totaal zijn er 62.232 jongeren gematcht via de VIR database (stand van zaken t/m maart 2012), waarvan 7.512 in de periode jan- maart 2012. Het aantal matches van voor 2010 is relatief klein (minder dan 1.000 matches per kwartaal). Sinds 2010, in de aanloop van de invoering van de Wet op de jeugdzorg inzake de VIR, is het aantal toegenomen. In het najaar van 2010 zijn circa 11.000 jongeren gematcht, dit aantal neemt weer iets en kabbelt tussen de 5.000 en 10.000 verder. Er is dus, net als bij de meldingen, geen louter toenemende groei in de tijd. Om inzicht te krijgen wat de meldingen in de VIR database opleveren bekijken we hoeveel van de gemelde jongeren (252.480) uiteindelijk uitmonden in gematchte jongeren (62.232): gemiddeld 25 procent. Deze verhouding ligt iets hoger na 2010, afgelopen jaar leidt ongeveer 30 procent van de gemelde jongeren tot een match. Van de 62.232 gematchte jongeren is het merendeel convenant-overstijgend: er zijn 43.652 bovenlokale matches (70%) en 18.580 matches (30%) binnen eigen convenantgebied.. Great local & regional diversity: # reports Mechanisms to ensure that a match leads to action
  12. The practical and technical implementations of the National Reference Index have been entrusted to municipalities. This has significantly broadened the actor field and has led to a great diversification of local systems that are often much wider in reach than is needed to meet the requirements of the National Reference Index Conflicting finds: Conflicting research findings about: Clarity of concept of risk How & when to use the VIR Clarity of concept of risk: a ‘risk’ . Maastricht: * However, our empirical analysis shows that, in practice, the concept ‘risk’ leads to many problems and concerns. Most of the professionals who have to work with this child index struggle with the question: what is (a) risk? A The conceptual vagueness surrounding the notion of ‘risk’ leads to a second dilemma with an operational character, namely that professionals do not know when and how to use the child index. Het is de meeste meldingsbevoegden in de praktijk duidelijk hoe een melding in te voeren, drie op de vier respondenten geeft aan dat dit in alle of in een groot deel van de gevallen zo is (77%). DSP groep: Het is voor bijna twee derde van de respondenten in de praktijk duidelijk wanneer een melding te doen (65%). Voor een bijna even grote groep meldingsbevoegden geven de meldcriteria en het risicoprofiel daarbij voldoende houvast (61%) . Uit de focusgroep komt naar voren dat professionals niet weten hoe te handelen op het moment dat er geen match plaatsvindt. Meldingsbevoegden werkzaam bij scholen, organisaties voor jeugdgezondheidzorg en organisaties voor maatschappelijke ondersteuning hebben het meest aangegeven weleens een melding te hebben gemaakt Meldingen zijn afkomstig uit 2.467 verschillende meldende instanties.  Er zijn grote verschillen voor wat betreft het aantal meldingen tussen de instanties, variërend van één (o.a. diverse scholen) tot 87.780 (RvdK).  Er zijn 65 convenantgebieden.  Er zijn grote verschillen voor wat betreft het aantal gedane meldingen tussen de convenantgebieden, variërend van één (Borne) tot 100.290 (Stadsregio Rotterdam).  Meldingsbevoegde professionals werkzaam in de volgende zes convenantgebieden hebben nog geen melding gedaan in de landelijke VIR: Dalfsen, Noord Oost Twente, Olst-Wijhe, Tubbergen, Twenterand en Zwartewaterland. Index. In the meantime, municipalities are obliged by national law to implement the index, and can make ample use of the room to manoeuvre that the national government has already granted them to tailor the local index to local ‘needs’. As we have seen in the previous paragraph, this results in a diverse field of local systems, each with its own additional functions and possibilities
  13. De grootste winst van de signalen en matches wordt gevonden in de samenwerking.  Een kwart (26%) van de meldingsbevoegden geeft aan dat signalen en matches in alle of een groot deel van de gevallen een betere samenwerking opleveren.  Een kwart (25%) geeft aan dat signalen en matches in alle of een groot deel van de gevallen samenwerking in een vroeger stadium opleveren. 58% 51% 40% 29% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% De contactgegevens van de partijen waarmee ik gematcht ben zijn juist Het is voor mij in de praktijk duidelijk wie de regie heeft als ik een signaal ontvang De matches waarvan ik een signaal ontvang leiden tot informatie uitwisseling De matches waarvan ik een signaal ontvang hebben invloed op mijn plan van aanpak met de jeugdige 26% 25% 22% 18% 16% 14% 12% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Betere samenwerking Samenwerking in een vroeger stadium Nieuw contact Discussie in eigen organisatie Opschaling van de hulpverlening van de jeugdige Aanpassing van mijn plan van aanpak met de jeugdige Andere beoordeling van de problematiek van de jeugdige 25 RAPPORT | De VIR: een tussenstand | DSP-groep Daarna volgt het verkrijgen van een nieuw contact (22%). Andere punten worden minder vaak genoemd. De opbrengst van de signalen en matches wordt iets positiever beoordeeld door de groep meldingsbevoegde respondenten die daadwerkelijk een signaal ontving – maar niet rigoureus anders. Een selectie van diegenen die daadwerkelijk een signaal ontvingen levert de volgende uitkomsten:  Betere samenwerking: 36%  Samenwerking in een vroeger stadium: 33%  Nieuw contact: 30%  Opschaling van de hulpverlening van de jeugdige: 22%  Discussie in eigen organisatie: 21%  Aanpassing van mijn plan van aanpak met de jeugdige: 17%  Andere beoordeling van de problematiek van de jeugdige: 15% * Meer redenen dan bezwaren om melding te doen De voornaamste redenen om melding te doen (de reden die voor de meeste respondenten in bijna alle gevallen voorkomt) zijn:  omdat dat nodig wordt geacht op basis van professionele inschatting (70% van de meldingsbevoegden geeft aan dat dat in alle of een groot deel van de gevallen van toepassing is);  omdat de meldende professional wil weten of andere professionals de zorg delen (68%);  omdat de meldcriteria of het risicoprofiel dat voorschrijft (51%). De grootste bezwaren om te melden zijn:  dat de ouders en jeugdigen op de hoogte gebracht moeten worden van de melding (voor 30% van de meldingsbevoegden geldt dit bezwaar in alle gevallen of een groot deel van de gevallen);  dat de meldingsbevoegde geen goede inschatting kan maken van de consequenties die het doen van de melding heeft (22%);  dat de meldingsbevoegde over te weinig informatie beschikt om een melding te doen.
  14. Op basis van de onderzoeksbevindingen achten we de volgende aanbevelingen aangewezen:  Vergroot meldingsbereidheid, kennis over VIR: geef meer inhoudelijke informatie over de VIR aan meldingsbevoegden.  Organisatie aanjagende rol: bevorder als organisatie het gebruik van de verwijsindex.  Terugkoppeling: zorg voor een terugkoppeling van een gedane melding.  Uitbreiding VIR: match op adres, match op gezin (bloedlijnbevraging), verbinding met andere initiatieven, kring meldingsbevoegden. Uitbreiding van de kring van meldingsbevoegden met artsen, GGZ instellingen, ziekenhuizen (inclusief SEH, verplegers), kinderopvang (inclusief naschoolse opvang), jongerenwerkers en verloskundigen Op basis van de onderzoeksbevindingen achten we de volgende aanbevelingen aangewezen: Vergroot meldingsbereidheid, kennis over VIR Geef meer inhoudelijke informatie over de VIR aan meldingsbevoegden. Leg meldingsbevoegden uit wat de consequenties zijn van een melding en leer meldingsbevoegden daar mee om te gaan. Een concreet punt is het leren communiceren met ouders en jongeren. Het doel van deze maatregelen is de reden om te melden te benadrukken en belemmeringen om te melden weg te nemen. Geef meer duidelijkheid aan meldingsbevoegden over welke acties er volgen na een signaal. De scholing dient deels lokaal, deels landelijk belegd te worden. Organisatie aanjagende rol Bevorder als organisatie het gebruik van de verwijsindex. Borg de verwijsindex in de procesvoering van de organisatie of het convenantgebied. Geef medewerkers niet het gevoel er alleen voor te staan (bijvoorbeeld bij de confrontatie met jongeren en ouders) maar bied als organisatie bescherming. Creëer draagvlak. Zorg voor naleving van de afspraken rondom regievoering en stel zo nodig afspraken bij. Zoek uit waarom de verwachting van coördinatoren over melden en matchen binnen hun organisatie niet in lijn is met de praktijk: coördinatoren geven aan dat er binnen de eigen organisatie niet genoeg wordt gemeld/gematcht. Dit biedt ruimte voor verbetering. Terugkoppeling Zorg voor een terugkoppeling van een gedane melding. Dit geeft de meldende professional het gevoel dat zijn boodschap gehoord wordt, wat de meldingsbereidheid ten goede komt . Momenteel krijgt de meldende professional geen enkele bevestiging dat zijn melding is aangekomen of informatie over wat er verder met de melding gebeurt. Alleen na verloop van tijd en eventueel ontvangt een melder een signaal. Zorg voor een periodiek overzicht op instelling- en/of convenantniveau waarin staat hoeveel meldingen er de afgelopen periode zijn gedaan en in hoeveel matches deze meldingen hebben geresulteerd. Zo krijgen meldingsbevoegden inzicht in wat er gebeurt met hun (mogelijke) melding. Deel succesverhalen. De terugkoppeling dient lokaal belegd te worden. Gewenste ontwikkelingen Bekijk of en hoe gewenste ontwikkelingen te zijn realiseren:  Match op adres (i.k.v. één gezin één plan-aanpak)  Match op gezin (achternaam ouders, bloedlijnbevraging)  Verbinding met andere initiatieven (zoals meldcode huiselijk geweld)  Het maken van regieafspraken bij een adres/gezinsmatch  Uitbreiding van de kring van meldingsbevoegden met artsen, GGZ instellingen, ziekenhuizen (inclusief SEH, verplegers), kinderopvang (inclusief naschoolse opvang), jongerenwerkers en verloskundigen.  Vergroot de meldingsbereidheid van diegenen die reeds meldingsbevoegd zijn. 40 RAPPORT Training, unambiguity in registration criteria, more publicity for the VIR, expanding the group of authorized organizations and expanding the ICT application with an address-­‐ or family match can optimize (working with) the VIR.
  15. Hoe wordt het gebruik gestimuleerd? Door inbedding in de dagelijkse werkprocessen van professionals, een signaal afgeven als voorwaarde te stellen voorafgaand aan casuïstiek overleg, het geven van periodieke trainingen, opname in subsidievoorwaarden, het uitwisselen van best practices, het organiseren van (regio)bijeenkomsten en zo meer. Ook in 2013 gaan we samen met de GVMS verder met het stimuleren van het gebruik door de verwijsindex in te bedden in het curriculum van HBO opleidingen, een app te ontwikkelen, een nieuw soort koppeling te releasen, onderzoek te doen naar het effect van de verwijsindex, een digitale nieuwsbrief ter beschikking te stellen aan de regio’s en samen met de regio Zuid-Holland Noord een nieuwe filmclip te regisseren voor www.verwijsindex.tv. .2. Verwijsindex risicojongeren en gezinsfunctionaliteit     10.3.2.2. Gezinsfunctionaliteit   Naar aanleiding van het debat over het wetsvoorstel met betrekking tot de verwijsindex zal de gezinsfunctionaliteit als volgt worden ingevuld. Een jeugdige die aan de verwijsindex wordt gemeld, wordt niet alleen meer gematcht met zijn eigen bsn, maar ook met de bsn van jeugdigen die dezelfde ouders hebben of die op hetzelfde adres wonen. Hulpverleners worden dan dus niet meer alleen op de hoogte gesteld van het feit dat een andere hulpverlener dezelfde jeugdige aan de verwijsindex heeft gemeld, maar ook dat eerder al een broertje of zusje is gemeld. Bij de uitwerking hiervan is uitgegaan van een zo groot mogelijk bereik binnen de doelgroep, maar van een zo gering mogelijke inbreuk op de persoonlijke levenssfeer van de betrokkenen. De inrichting van de gezinsfunctionaliteit komt zo het meest tegemoet aan de wens van de Tweede Kamer dat slechts die jeugdigen via de verwijsindex in beeld komen, met wie ècht iets aan de hand is.    10.3.2.3. Systeem   Het inrichten van een functionaliteit die een gezinsmelding mogelijk maakt, is vanuit een technisch oogpunt – anders dan het gebruik ervan – complex. De verwijsindex risicojongeren is aangesloten op het netwerk van gemeentelijke geautomatiseerde basisadministraties van persoonsgegevens (gba). Deze aansluiting staat ten dienste van toetsing voor authentificatie en van bevraging rondom verhuisbewegingen. Op basis daarvan kan een signaal worden afgegeven als de betrokkene al eerder is gemeld aan de verwijsindex. Deze systematiek is ontworpen vanuit het oogpunt van hulp aan individuele jeugdigen. Op het moment dat een gezinsfunctionaliteit bij de verwijsindex wordt geoperationaliseerd, heeft dat in de techniek tot gevolg dat meerdere bevragingen aan de gba noodzakelijk zijn.    In de gba worden geen gegevens opgenomen met betrekking tot horizontale familierechtelijke relaties. De horizontale relaties zullen dus moeten worden achterhaald door middel van de verticale familierechtelijke relaties die wel in de gba zijn opgenomen. Ook om te bepalen welke jeugdigen er naast de betrokken jeugdige op hetzelfde adres wonen, zijn meerdere bevragingen van de gba nodig. Eenvoudig gezegd wordt de gba – na de bovengenoemde authentificatie – gevraagd wie de ouders zijn van de betrokken jeugdige en of deze ouders nog meer (gemelde) kinderen hebben. En er wordt de gba gevraagd waar de betrokken jeugdige woont en of daar nog meer (gemelde) jeugdigen wonen.   Om de inrichting van een gezinsfunctionaliteit te kunnen realiseren, is de verwijsindex risicojongeren zo aangepast dat het systeem de noodzakelijke bevragingen kan uitvoeren. Daarbij zijn er aanpassingen in de techniek gedaan om responssignalen van de gba te kunnen verwerken en om te kunnen zetten in de juiste signalen voor de professionals die de verwijsindex gebruiken. Ten slotte is, in overleg met minister van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, die de verantwoordelijkheid draagt voor de Wet gba, de authorisatie voor de verwijsindex bij de gba uitgebreid, zodat de gba daadwerkelijk responssignalen op de bevragingen kan geven. Met de gezinsfunctionaliteit ontstaat er dus een match in de verwijsindex tussen een jeugdige en een broertje of zusje als één van de ouders voor beide jeugdigen dezelfde is of als beide jeugdigen op hetzelfde adres wonen, en als beide jeugdigen aan de verwijsindex gemeld zijn.