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Global Marshall Plan
 Balance the world with an eco-social market economy




             A project of hope
„It is not only for what we do that we are held
responsible, but also for what we do not do“
(Molière)
DID YoU KNoW thAt …
   30,000 children die every day from starvation, water pollution and
   preventable disease – 11 million per year

   a child dies from malaria every 30 seconds – 1 million per year

   1.2 billion people live on less than $1 a day

   2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day

   200 species of plants and animals become extinct every day

   in 2004 $79 billion was spent on development projects worldwide,
   but $116 billion was paid in interest payments to the “donor
   countries”

   annual expenditure on armaments is approximately $1,000 billion

   the fortune of the 792 billionaires in the world increases by $300 to
   $400 billion annually

   the four richest people in the world have more wealth than a
   billion of the poorest.
BUt, YoU MAY ASK:
    cAN We AS INDIVIDUALS Do ANYthING
    ABoUt ALL thIS?
    Yes! If we join together with everyone who has the power and will to
    change the present situation we will have a chance. Let’s concentrate on
    what concerns us all: the preservation of the globe and the struggle for the
    human dignity of all its population. The ethical basis for this focus will be
    empathy, humanity and spirituality.

    The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is built on precisely this ethical founda-
    tion. It is an integrated platform, in which the worlds of politics and econo-
    mics together with non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the scientific
    and religious communities and the media – people from North and South
    – can co-operate in a new way. Transcending state borders and cultural and
    religious boundaries, the initiative works towards providing a win-win soluti-
    on for a fairer and sustainable form of globalisation.

    The primary goal of economic development must not be to serve the inte-
    rests of profit maximisation for the few. The economic goal rather is to
    serve the well-being of the greatest number of people and to facilitate the
    development, preservation and security of life and the ecological system.

    A rationally developed Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social
    market economy is in the long-term interests of all countries, of regional,
    national and international politics, of the world economy and also of civil
    society – for us, the people of the world and the globe. It can turn out to be
    the most effective programme possible in today’s world for peace and eco-
    nomic development in the decades to come.

    Let us bring the world into balance together!
the hIStorY of
the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe
In the course of UN Conferences many documents have been prepared and
many agreements reached about ways to meet global challenges – but all too
frequently these were never implemented.

In 2003 representatives of science, politics, the media, culture, the economy
and NGOs cooperated to meet the challenge of an ever-deepening crisis in
human development. Their contribution was to be in the framework of the
Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social market economy, based on
the idea of the Marshall Plan after World War 2 as well as the concept deve-
loped by Al Gore in the 1990s, which would link (co-)financing with the
setting of environmental and social standards to create a win-win situation for
both North and South. Since 2003 the initiative has grown into a network
of more than a hundred organisations together with many federal states and
communities. The initiative is independent, without party, religious or cultural
affiliations.

Many thousands of people from all parts of the globe have pledged their goodwill
and their support for the Global Marshall Plan initiative. They include:
Franz Alt, Dieter Althaus, Kurt Beck, Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan,
Carl-Eduard von Bismarck, Karlheinz Böhm, Eugen Drewermann, Hans
Peter Dürr, Peter Eigen, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Franz Fischler, Johan
Galtung, Heiner Geissler, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Jane Goodall, Vittorio
Hösle, Sandra Maischberger, Wahu Kaara, Reinhold Messner, Josef Riegler,
Hermann Scheer, Vandana Shiva, Klaus Töpfer, Jakob von Uexküll, Ernst
Ulrich von Weizsäcker and Jean Ziegler.

By arranging lectures and discussions, disseminating information and publi-
shing books as well as through networking and carefully targeted lobbying,
the Global Marshall Plan Initiative has been trying to consolidate forces and
to raise consciousness about the changes that are going to need to take place.
If everyone who was convinced of the need for change managed to persuade
just one other person a year, the snowball effect would mean that in 33 years
the entire population of the world would share a common ideal (for 233 = 8.5
billion).
the orIGINAL MArShALL pLAN:
    A SYMBoL of hope, SoLIDArItY AND peAce
    The historic Marshall Plan (officially: the European Recovery Program, or
    ERP for short) was the USA’s economic reconstruction programme for
    Western Europe after the Second World War. It was named after its foun-
    der, the US Secretary of State and winner of the Nobel peace prize George
    C. Marshall. The programme began in 1947 and lasted for four years, in the
    course of which the USA paid to the participating states 12.4 billion dollars
    or 1.3% of its GDP.

    Over the following two decades there was – through what was called the
    economic miracle –, extraordinary economic growth and a huge increase in
    wealth. Moreover, today, the Marshall Plan is seen as the first step towards
    European integration. In the light of both of these facts we have decided to
    name our initiative the “Global Marshall Plan”.

    Obviously one cannot directly compare the situation then with that in the
    disadvantaged regions of the world today. Likewise, we are also aware that the
    political and economic aims of the original Marshall Plan are not undisputed.
    Nevertheless the Marshall Plan stands for hope, solidarity and peace.




    Who ShoULD Be INVoLVeD IN the GLoBAL
    MArShALL pLAN?
    The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is quite consciously addressed to diffe-
    rent groups simultaneously:

           to all those in the world, who are prepared to bring their knowledge,
           experience and ideas to the initiative
to churches and other religious organisations, to the media und
artists, who can help spread the idea of the Global Marshall Plan and
raise awareness in society

to the representatives of interest groups, as well as to civil society as
represented by NGOs. Our goal is to join forces in order to work
towards a more just and sustainable form of globalisation

to the scientific community. We invite specialists in all areas to
develop further the Global Marshall Plan into a more detailed inter-
disciplinary project

to business leaders who could embrace the Global Marshall Plan in
order to work for socially just and environmentally responsible deve-
lopment

to governments and national parliaments, to give the Global
Marshall Plan official support and to develop it in dialogue with the
other players. This new quality of global action and cooperative pro-
blem-solving is in the long term interests of all countries

to the G8, who in fighting poverty should not focus on short-term
measures such as aid and debt relief, but on eradicating structural
poverty through a reform of global regulations and institutions

to the European Union, as the most important hope for our project
and for millions of people in the world. The member states of the EU
have a historic opportunity to progress from being former colonial
powers to partners in an effective and comprehensive development
policy. The EU can and should be courageous enough to develop an
alternative to the current form of globalisation and then go on to pro-
mote it in international negotiations

to the UN with all its programmes and special organisations, which
have a central role to play in bringing this project to fruition.
Moreover we support the initiatives aimed at reforming the UN in
terms of its efficiency, powers and funding.
oUr GoALS:
    for A More jUSt forM of GLoBALISAtIoN

    Globalisation doesn’t just happen; the way it develops can be shaped. To do
    this, however, it requires determined private and political interests who want
    to shape it in a new and sustainable direction – for the general good.

    The aim of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative is a peace strategy for the
    development of humanity, based on justice, solidarity and sustainable deve-
    lopment as well as a dialogue between the different cultures and religions of
    the world in a partnership based on mutual respect, empathy and tolerance.

    Although the Initiative was started in Europe, it sees itself as a joint forum of
    the “North” and the “South”, working for a sustainable world. We want to
    cooperate with many existing projects, initiatives and personalities – in the
    conviction that, although there are many legitimate differences in social poli-
    cy, party politics and the concerns of interest groups, as well as philosophical
    and religious disparities, there is significant common ground in the overall
    aims:

            a more just form of globalisation

            economic, ecological and social sustainability

            realisation of human rights and human dignity for all

    In our opinion the achievement of these goals will only be possible if they
    benefit both sides, “North” and “South”. For this reason we are proposing
    the following requirements:

            equal development opportunities to be achieved through coo-
            peration and efficient funding – funds should be raised partly by
            taxes on global currency transactions

            fair global competition to be achieved by the cautious establish-
            ment of open markets, allowing at the same time individual nations
            the right to some protection of their markets, and by the establish-
            ment of a global economic framework of social and ecological stan-
            dards which will be binding for all countries.
The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is interested in picking up on good ideas
and initiating independent projects so that, through awareness-raising from the
bottom up, it will be possible to change the behaviour of political and business
leaders.



oUr StrAteGY:
the LINKING of fUNDING to
eNVIroNMeNtAL AND SocIAL StANDArDS
We need a just and practicable international regulatory framework. With
that in mind the Global Marshall Plan is based on a successful and above all
“humanitarian” model – namely that of the social market economy, com-
plemented by the principle of environmental responsibility in the sense of
comprehensive sustainability. Therefore we are calling our model the eco-
social market economy.

The eco-social market economy is a constructive alternative to the neo-libe-
ral market economy dominated by economic interests.

In the eco-social market economy the aim is to achieve a balance between an
efficient economy, social cohesion and the protection of the environment.

The main concern of the “Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social
market economy” is that equal weight should be given to the setting and
observance of trade, environmental and social standards on the one hand
and securing of the provision of the funds necessary for development on the
other.

In this, the proposed (co-)financing is designed to facilitate consensus and
the implementation of the standards, following a similar logic to the stages
of EU enlargement: (co-)financing in return for the implementation of laws
and standards shared by all. In this context it is worth emphasising that the
principle of the eco-social market economy is firmly anchored in EU policy.
The principle is also part of the Lisbon strategy in conjunction with the EU
Strategy for Sustainable Development and the draft treaty on the EU consti-
tution.
Implementation is inadequate however, even in Europe. Our consumption
     of natural resources, as in all OECD countries, is far too high and dispropor-
     tionate to our share of the world’s population. Therefore it is necessary for
     us, here at home, to make major changes to increase the sustainability of the
     way we live and run our economy.

     The real goal of a worldwide eco-social market economy, however, goes far
     beyond the first step of introducing compulsory social and environmental
     standards. Its demands are:

            better regulation of world financial markets in order to limit the risk
            of speculation against individual national economies and currencies

            a system of worldwide tax co-ordination, including most important-
            ly the abolition of tax havens and the control of offshore banking,
            through which between $50 and $60 billion in tax revenue is lost
            instead of being used for the common good

            the creation of a worldwide policy of cohesion, i.e. firm cooperation
            between countries and regions

            a concept of “prosperity for all”, of prosperity in its widest sense,
            based on environmental sustainability – which is why the implemen-
            tation of the polluter pays principle and the environmental real cost
            of production is a core element of the eco-social market economy

            the establishment of a world competition commission to prevent
            over-powerful companies dominating markets, enjoying monopolies
            or creating cartels.

     Obviously this worldwide eco-social market economy should not preclude
     the existence of other approaches, such as for example the economies based
     on solidarity in South America, but these always need to be implemented
     within the context of a particular culture.




10
„All the good in this world has happened only
as a result of someone doing more than he
had to“ (unknown)
oUr LISt of reQUIreMeNtS:
     fIVe eLeMeNtS of AN eco-SocIAL MArKet
     ecoNoMY
     Aspects of the Global Marshall Plan, which contains five inter-related ele-
     ments, are already contained in the results of past UN summits, are already
     part of European policy or among the stated demands of various NGOs and
     other institutions. These will form both the starting point for our initiative
     and its foundation – and increase the chances of attaining the stated aims.



     1st eLeMeNt:
     the reALISAtIoN of the INterNAtIoNALLY AGreeD
     UN MILLeNNIUM DeVeLopMeNt GoALS

     In 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit 189 states agreed a set of deve-
     lopment goals to be reached by 2015. We see the implementation of these
     goals as a first step to sustainable development and a more just world.

             a halving of the number of people in the world suffering from starva-
             tion, likewise of those who have an income of less than $1 a day

             the provision of basic education for all children

             the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women in
             society

             a reduction in the rate of infant mortality to a third of the current
             figure

             a substantial improvement in maternal health

             a reversal of the trend in the growth rates of HIV/Aids, malaria and
             other epidemic diseases

             a reduction in the rate of loss of natural resources and a halving of
             the number of people who have no access to clean drinking water
             (currently over one billion)



12
the creation of a new type of partnership for development

                  the development of an open system of world trade
                  and finance within an appropriate framework

                  a concerted effort to fight poverty, e.g. in relation to
                  the debt problems of the poorest countries

                  the creation of decent and productive employment
                  opportunities

                  affordable access to major drugs

                  universal access to the benefits of modern technology



2nd eLeMeNt:
the rAISING of AN ADDItIoNAL $100 BILLIoN per YeAr for
DeVeLopMeNt projectS

The financial provision needed to reach the Millennium Development
Goals is, according to an UN analysis, the Zedillo Report, $50 billion per
year, with an additional $20 billion to be allocated for public projects and
for humanitarian purposes. The full amount has still to be raised. Since this
analysis assumed the availability of funds from 2001, whereas the implemen-
tation of the Global Marshall Plan will not be possible before 2008, we must
assume a requirement of additional funds of $100 billion a year compared
with expenditure in 2004.

The total expenditure for international development cooperation in 2004
was $79 billion, which is about 0.26% of Gross National Income (GNI) of
the OECD countries, who as far back as 1970, pledged themselves in a UN
resolution to spend 0.7% of GNI on development aid. Through the propo-
sed Global Marshall Plan this proportion would rise by about 0.6% of GNI.




                                                                                13
Some figures for comparison:

             Over a period of four years after the Second World War the United
             States spent 1.3% of its Gross Domestic Product on the Marshall
             Plan.

             The amount the world spent on arms in 2004, excluding the cost of
             the Iraq war, was approximately $950 billion. By the end of the year
             2006 the Iraq war has cost close to $300 billion.

     These figures make it clear that the Global Marshall Plan is both necessary
     and that it can be funded in its suggested scope.



     3rd eLeMeNt:
     chArGeS oN GLoBAL trANSActIoNS AND oN the
     coNSUMptIoN of reSoUrceS AS A SoUrce of fUNDING

     The Global Marshall Plan Initiative supports the goal of raising 0.7% of
     Gross National Income for development work and it calls upon govern-
     ments to fulfil their obligations in this regard. In addition we support further
     debt relief measures and a system for the responsible allocation of credits.
     Even the most optimistic assumptions about reaching the 0.7% target sug-
     gest, however, that from 2008 there will be a substantial shortfall in the
     additional $100 billion that is required. For this reason and also for reasons
     of regulatory policy a substantial part of this money should be raised by taxes
     on global transactions and on the consumption of natural resources.

     Currently, new financial instruments are being introduced as pilot projects in
     some countries, for example the tax on airline tickets – a small fuel surchar-
     ge – or the International Finance Facility, a financial instrument financed
     through bonds which can make additional short-term funding available for
     the Millennium Development Goals.

     That, however, is far from enough. Therefore we would argue for more far-
     reaching measures and would be ready to pick up on ideas that come up at
     international conferences or are developed by financial experts and by socie-
     ty at large. We want global taxes which will bring an end to regional distor-
     tions in competitiveness, because at the moment, in proportional terms, too


1
little tax is levied on global economic activity. Moreover economic activity
places a disproportional burden on the environment without bearing the
relevant costs. The proposed taxes will however only burden the economy
and consumers to a small degree. A further criterion is easier administration
through already existing institutions.

Tax on Foreign Exchange Transactions
This is a sales tax on foreign exchange transactions (for example on the
exchange of euros into yen), which, not entirely correctly, is termed the
“Tobin tax”. Because the daily exchange transactions in the EU alone are
currently almost 700 billion euros, around $30 billion per year could be rai-
sed for the Global Marshall Plan through a minimal charge on all currency
transactions of, for example, 0.01%.

There have long been many calls for a tax on foreign exchange transactions.
Such a measure has already been approved by the French and Belgian par-
liaments on the condition that it would be implemented on an internatio-
nal basis – in Austria there has also been a similar parliamentary decision. A
Europe-wide introduction (EU and Switzerland) would be feasible and would
in addition bring more transparency to the exchange markets.

Tax on Kerosene
As the Landau Report, commissioned by the French President Jacques
Chirac, shows, there are many advantages to be gained from a tax on kero-
sene. It is related to the real cost of air pollution caused by air travel and
can be raised easily because the sale of kerosene is regulated. It is estimated
that a worldwide introduction of such a scheme would provide an additi-
onal income of around $10 billion. This would increase air ticket prices by
around 2.5%. Moreover, from the perspective of the Global Marshall Plan
Initiative it is incomprehensible that air travel, with its attendant pollution,
should be subsidised through a no-tax policy on kerosene.


More financial instruments being discussed within the Initiative are special
drawing rights for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – that is an artifi-
cial unit of currency, which can be used for the good of marginalised coun-
tries – and the Terra charge, a small tax on world trade.




                                                                                   1
4th eLeMeNt:
     GLoBAL GoVerNANce – the DeVeLopMeNt of A frAMeWorK
     for the WorLD ecoNoMY

     The overcoming of global fundamentalist market strategies and the realisa-
     tion of a worldwide eco-social market economy should be made possible
     through the establishment of a better framework in line with a fairer world
     contract. For that purpose the existing body of regulations and institutions
     governing the economy, environment, society and culture (e.g. in the
     WTO, IMF, World Bank, UN and their programmes and special organi-
     sations like the ILO, UNDP, UNEP and UNESCO, likewise the IUCN)
     should be linked and submitted to reforms.

     Step by step, broad internationally agreed standards are to be established in
     conjunction with the Global Marshall Plan. Only in this way will the desired
     effect materialise and permanent broad support from global civil society and
     from the world of economics and politics be obtained. The most appropriate
     way to achieve this is the linking of environmental and social standards and
     the aforementioned body of regulations with the (co-)financing programme.
     Moreover, the allocation of resources for the latter should not be determi-
     ned by short-term economic interests or through the short-term exercise of
     power by elite countries in poorer ones.

     For this phase of the Global Marshall Plan the use of the following stan-
     dards, which have already found consensus amongst UN members, will be
     the goal:

            fundamental economic, social and cultural human rights,
            which are to a large extent congruent with the core principles of the
            International Labour Organisation (ILO) such as union rights, equal
            gender treatment, the prohibition of child labour, etc.

            the standards of international environmental and nature
            conservation agreements such as for example the Convention on
            Biodiversity, the Ramsar Convention, the Washington Conservation
            of Species Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal
            Protocol.




1
When applying these criteria to the allocation of funds one needs to remem-
ber that failing to observe some of these environmental and social standards
represents the most important competitive advantage that economically
marginalised countries possess. The example of EU enlargement shows that,
nevertheless, arrangements concerning the application of common standards
and levels of protection can be reached, if at the same time the necessary
funding for sustainable development can be secured for the poorer partners
from the richer countries. It is clear that this linkage is profitable for all con-
cerned.




the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN AND the Wto
In den Überlegungen der Global Marshall Plan Initiative spielt die WTO eine
besondere Rolle. Sie ist zwar wie keine andere internationale Organisation in
die Kritik geraten, vor allem, weil sie, ihrem Mandat entsprechend, primär
den Abbau von Handelshemmnissen fördert und dabei ökologische, soziale
sowie kulturelle Aspekte weitgehend unberücksichtigt lässt. Aber längerfristig
könnte die WTO dennoch zur geeigneten Institution reformiert werden, um
die Verknüpfung von Handelsregeln mit sozialen und ökologischen Standards
zu einem gerechten, ausbalancierten und in sich schlüssigen, auf Nachhaltigkeit
ausgerichteten Wirtschaftsystem zu erreichen. Dabei sind der Grad an
Verbindlichkeit und die Durchsetzungsmöglichkeit von wesentlicher Bedeu-
tung, die mittels neuer Sanktionsmöglichkeiten weiter gesichert werden
könnten. Ohne eine aktivere Teilnahme der marginalisierten Länder an transpa-
renten Verhandlungsprozessen wird sich die WTO allerdings schwer von dem
Vorwurf befreien können, der verlängerte Arm der großen Handelsmächte zu
sein. Alternative Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Durchsetzbarkeit ökologischer
und sozialer Standards setzen auf eine Stärkung einer reformierten UNO, z. B.
durch eine Weiterentwicklung der UNEP zu einer Weltumweltorganisation
(UNEO) und effizientere Instrumente zur Durchsetzung von Sozialstandards
im Rahmen der ILO bzw. der Menschenrechte.




                                                                                      1
5th eLeMeNt:
     SUStAINABLe DeVeLopMeNt INSteAD of MereLY cAtchING Up
     – for A DeVeLopMeNt poLIcY BASeD oN jUStIce

     The following are crucial factors in establishing a rational global framework
     and autonomous development:

             fairness and cooperation at all levels

             a strengthening of the powers of the partner countries in decision
             and policy making

             the promotion of good governance and the fight against corruption

             a co-ordinated and grassroots approach to the allocation of funds,
             e.g. micro-credit and micro-financing

             adequate financing

     Many people in rich countries still stubbornly hold on to the idea that if
     only people in the “developing” countries would think and trade, produce
     and consume like us, they would also have our level of “earned wealth”.
     Behind that thought lies the old idea that fortune always favours the virtuo-
     us and that poverty is essentially self-inflicted. Quite apart from the fact that
     this ignores the multi-faceted dimensions of poverty, it does not take into
     account the extent to which its causes lie in the inequality of power and
     ownership structures which have perpetuated poverty and dependence for
     centuries.

     The worldwide expansion of “western” development, even if we ignore all
     its undesirable and unsustainable aspects, will certainly not lead to universal
     prosperity for all peoples and nations, but rather to cultural impoverishment
     and the destruction of our natural resources.

     A development policy based on poorer countries “catching up” is thus clear-
     ly not desirable nor even in own interests. The devaluation of traditional or
     socially and culturally different ways of life and belief systems has contributed
     to weakening people’s initiative and their feeling of self-worth, as well as mar-
     ginalising entire national economies.



1
Not least, it is the arrogance of “western civilisation”, which is seen by peo-
ple in other parts of the world as degrading and threatening and provokes
anti-western feeling that creates a breeding ground for hate and violence.
Other factors are inequality of opportunity and a lack of balance in the way
the interests of poorer nations are represented.

Fighting world poverty is not charity but a humanitarian imperative. We
see development policy as a policy for peace – it is a matter of enlightened
self-interest, as the Brandt Report made clear as long ago as 1980. In our
world, with its mutual dependencies and vulnerabilities, security can only be
achieved if people work with each other and not against each other. Security
policy in the narrow military sense is totally inadequate because it ignores the
structural causes of violence, such as socio-economic and political grievances.
Moreover it is necessary at the same time to build mutual trust and to accept
people in disadvantaged countries as equal partners and to allow them to par-
ticipate in processes of international negotiation and decision making.

Such a development policy goes far beyond cooperation on development
projects and programmes and includes:

        the removal of obstacles to development in world economics and
        politics

        building cooperative partnerships to solve global challenges and
        problems.

How much development policy is actually capable of achieving obviously
depends both upon the resources that are made available and the extent of
supportive political will behind it. Without a radical change in the current
division of wealth and power our vision of peace, freedom, justice and
sustainable development will never become reality.




                                                                                   1
froM DeVeLopMeNt AID to
     DeVeLopMeNt cooperAtIoN
     It has long been recognised that there is a complicated network of causes
     underlying obstacles to development and furthermore that there is no simple
     solution to the problem. Improvements to development cooperation both in
     terms of quantity and quality are still necessary. In their planning experts have
     long ignored the actual living conditions of people and not taken into account
     contextual inter-connections. A rethink is happening only gradually. The ini-
     tial paternal type of development aid has become development cooperation,
     recipients have become partners.

     Development, understood in terms of individual abilities and capabilities
     reaching their full potential, has to mean “self-development”. People them-
     selves are the real experts. However, the initial impetus and a framework of
     favourable conditions for development may come from outside. An essential
     element is the empowerment of women and disadvantaged groups so that they
     are made aware of their rights. Therefore, the Global Marshall Plan Initiative
     attaches great importance to grassroots initiatives and financial instruments
     such as micro credit. At state level, institutional organisation and “good gover-
     nance” is required as well as the concentration of regional resources. For more
     effective development work there needs to be a commitment to increasing the
     funding in stages as well as the following qualitative improvements:

             greater harmonisation, cooperation, coordination and coherence
             among OECD countries

             more effective institutions on both the national and international
             level

             a greater degree of importance to be attached to the priorities of the
             partners and also on sustainability

             mutual responsibility, accountability and transparency

             a strengthening of the problem-solving abilities of individual states
             and their scope for action as well as an active role for people in sha-
             ping their own future

             an integrated but flexible approach to eradicating poverty, reducing
             environmental damage and securing peace

20
„Nothing in the world is as strong as an idea whose
time has come“ (Victor Hugo)




                                              21
SUpporterS of the GLoBAL MArShALL
     pLAN INItIAtIVe (extrAct)
     Aachen Foundation Kathy Beys
     AIESEC Germany and Austria
     Akademie für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein
         (Academy for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein)
     AKWD (Committee for World Church Services of the Church of Nordelbien)
     Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt
     American Council for the United Nations University
     Andheri Hilfe
     Austrian Biomass Association
     Austrian Environmental Umbrella Association
     Austrian federal states of Burgenland, Lower Austria Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol,
         Upper Austria, Vorarlberg
     B.A.U.M e.V. (German Environmental Management Association)
     BAKI
     Bank für Sozialwirtschaft
     Bau-Verein zu Hamburg
     Beratungsring
     Biopolitics International Organisation
     Breinlinger+Partner
     Bund Naturschutz Schwabach (Schwabach Alliance of Nature Conservation)
     BWA (Federal Association for Economic Development and Foreign Trade)
     Cap Anamur
     Caritas Austria
     Center for Global Negotiations
     Club of Budapest
     Club of Rome
     COMMARO mobile trading systems
     Committee for a Democratic U.N.
     Coolit
     DABEI (German Association for Education, Invention and Innovation)
     DBU (German Environmental Foundation)
     DEV (German Inventors Association)
     Doehler GmbH
     DRD (German Delphic Council)
     DSI (Umbrella Association of Student Initiatives Lüneburg)
     DSW (German Foundation for World Population)
     DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste)


22
EaiD Task Force Justice
Ecosocial Forum Austria, Europe, Croatia and Hungary
EPEA (International Environmental Research)
Evangelische Akademie Tutzing (Protestant Academy Tutzing)
Fairness Foundation
Fair Trade Austria
Farbfieber
FAW/n (Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing/n)
Femme Total e.V.
Fleuchaus  Gallo
FondsNetzwerk
Forum Umweltbildung (Forum for Environmental Education, Austria)
Friends of Nature
Fundación Agreste, Argentina
GBG Green Budget Germany
Gemeinde Mallnitz (Community of Mallnitz)
Gemeinsam für Afrika (Together for Africa)
German federal state of Thüringen
GIP (Society of Intercultural Philosophy)
Giraffentoast
Global Contract Foundation, Hamburg
Grüne Wirtschaft Österreich (Green Economy Austria)
Grünhelme e.V. (Green Helmets)
Handelskontor Willmann
Hauptkirche St. Katharinen, Hamburg
HLA Yspertal (Economic Polytechnic Yspertal)
Indienhilfe
International Students Club
ISG (Inter-Disciplinary Society)
IUFE (Institute for Environment – Peace – Development)
JBZ (Robert-Jungk-Library for Future Questions, Austria)
Junior Chamber International (JCI)
KAB (Austrian Catholic Workers Association)
Katholische Kirchenstiftung Verklärung Christi
Katholischer Laienrat Österreich
KEMEL (Center of Greek Volunteer Top-Managers)
KLB Bad Tölz-Wolfrathausen (Catholic People’s Movement of Bad Tölz-
     Wolfrathausen)
KOO (Co-ordination Office of the Austrian Episcopal Conference for
     International Development and Mission)


                                                                      23
Krämer Marktforschung (Krämer Market Research)
     Landentwicklung Steiermark
     Lebenschancen International
     Legas Delaney Hamburg
     Lexware Ltd.
     Lichtbrücke e.V.
     Limasol Sports SA Cape Town
     Marie-Schlei-Association
     MCC Public Relations
     Memo AG
     Meusel  Begeer GbR, Positive Concept
     Mouvement Ecologique a.s.b.l. – Friends of the Earth Luxembourg
     Münchner Initiative CSR (Munich Initiative CSR)
     NetzwerkZeitgeist NRW
     NiBB (Network of Innovative Citizens)
     Nova EUropa
     NUE (North German Foundation for the Environment and Development)
     ÖBU (Swiss Association for Environmentally Conscious Management)
     ödp (Ecological-Democratic Party)
     Oikocredit Förderkreis Baden-Württemberg
     OpenSpace-Online
     Partnerschaft Mirantao/Mantiqueira (Miranto/Mantiqueira Partnership)
     Peter-Hesse-Foundation
     Philosophical and Theological University Heiligenkreuz
     Reformierter Bund (Protestant Union)
     Rotary Club Nürnberger Land, Oberstdorf, Oberstaufen-Immenstadt a.s.o.
     SBP Schlaich Bergermann and Partner
     SpardaBank Munich
     SPES Verein (SPES Association)
     SSES (Swiss Association for Solar Energy)
     stadt land impulse (town country impulses)
     Stadt Sonthofen (city of Sonthofen)
     Stiftung Apfelbaum (Foundation Apple Tree)
     Stiftung Kinder in Afrika (Foundation for African Children)
     Stiftung KIT Initiative (KIT Initiative Foundation)
     Tegut
     Terra One World Network
     United World Philharmonic Youth Orchestra
     UN Millennium Campaign (Germany)
     University Club Klagenfurt


2
University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt | Campus Wieselburg
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna
University of Salzburg, Institute of Inter-Cultural Theology and the Study of
    Religion
VENRO (Association of German development non-governmental organisa-
    tions)
Verband Druck und Medien Nord e.V.
Volksbank Goch-Kevelär eG and Volksbank Neu-Ulm eG
Welthaus Innsbruck
Weltparlament der Kulturen (World Parliament of Cultures)
WHKT (West German Chambers of Crafts and Skilled Trades‘ Council)
Wirtschaftsjunioren Deutschland (Junior Chamber Germany)
WKO (Austrian Federal Economic Chamber – Department of Economic Politics)
World in Union
World Trade Point Federation Germany
YOIS Youth for Intergenerational Justice and Sustainability
Zukunftsstiftung Entwicklungshilfe (Future Foundation for Development Aid)




GLoSSAr
GNI:    Gross National Income
ILO:    International Labor Organization
IUCN:   International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
        Resources
IMF:    International Monetary Fund
NGO:    Non-Governmental Organization
OECD:   Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
UNDP:   United Nations Development Programme
UNEO:   United Nations Environment Organisation
UNEP:   United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNO/UN: United Nations Organization
WTO:    World Trade Organization


                                                                            2
the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe

     International co-ordination
     Global Marshall Plan Initiative, Steckelhörn 9, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
     Tel.: +49 (0)40 822 90 42-0, Fax: +49 (0)40 822 90 42-1,
     Email: info@globalmarshallplan.org
     Account details: Global Marshall Plan Foundation, account 212, routing number: 251
     205 10, Sozialbank, Swift/BIC: BFSWDE33HAN, IBAN: DE73 2512 0510 0008
     4098 00

     USA co-ordination
     Center for Global Negotiations, PO Box 63776, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA
     Tel.: +1 215 592 10 16
     Email: usa@globalmarshallplan.org
     Account details: Center for Global Negotiations, account 0496287319, routing
     number: 121000248, Wells Fargo, BIC: WFBIUS6S

     German co-ordination
     The German Association for the Club of Rome, Steckelhörn 9, 20457 Hamburg
     Tel.: +49 (0)40 89 80 75 86, Fax: +49 (0)40 89 80 75 87,
     E-Mail: germany@globalmarshallplan.org

     Austrian co-ordination
     Ecosocial Forum Europe, Franz Josefs-Kai 13, 1010 Vienna, Austria
     Tel.: +43 (0)1-533 07 97, Fax: +43 (0)1-533 07 97-90,
     Email: austria@globalmarshallplan.org

     Swiss co-ordination
     ÖBU (Swiss Association for Environmentally Conscious Management), Obstgar-
     tenstrasse 28, 8035 Zurich, Switzerland
     Tel.: +41 (0)44 364 37 38, Fax: +41 (0)44 364 37 11,
     Email: switzerland@globalmarshallplan.org

     Imprint:
     Authors: Franz Fischler, EU Commissioner ret., President of the Ecosocial Forum; Petra Gruber, CEO Institute
     for Environment – Peace – Development (IUFE); Franz Josef Radermacher, Director of FAW/n (Research
     Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing/n), Ulm; Josef Riegler, Vice-Chancellor ret., Hon. President of the
     Ecosocial Forum; Klemens Riegler, Co-ordination Global Marshall Plan Austria, Ecosocial Forum;
     Editors: Ernst Scheiber, Klemens Riegler, Layout: Demner, Merlicek  Bergmann




2
„the best way to predict the future is to create it“
(unknown)
DecLArAtIoN of SUpport of the GLoBAL
MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe

please fax to:       +49 (0)40 822 90 42-1


I/We support the Global Marshall Plan Initiative

    as an organisation              in person

Organisation:    ...……………………………………………………….........

Name:            ………………………………………………………............

Position:        ………………………………………………………............

Adresse:         ………………………………………………………............

Email:           ………………………………………………………............

    I/We would like to receive information and the monthly newsletter by
    email.

    I/We would like to participate in the Initiative.

    I/We would like to financially support the Initiative.

                 monthly                                quarterly
                 biannually                             one-off payment


Please contact me/us.



Date/Signature: ............…………………………………………………
Info-Link:
     www.globalmarshallplan.org



     This booklet was made by:
     www.ecosocialforum.org
     www.umweltdachverband.at
     www.iufe.at




30   Ein Projekt der Hoffnung
                                  weiß groß

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  • 1. Global Marshall Plan Balance the world with an eco-social market economy A project of hope
  • 2. „It is not only for what we do that we are held responsible, but also for what we do not do“ (Molière)
  • 3. DID YoU KNoW thAt … 30,000 children die every day from starvation, water pollution and preventable disease – 11 million per year a child dies from malaria every 30 seconds – 1 million per year 1.2 billion people live on less than $1 a day 2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day 200 species of plants and animals become extinct every day in 2004 $79 billion was spent on development projects worldwide, but $116 billion was paid in interest payments to the “donor countries” annual expenditure on armaments is approximately $1,000 billion the fortune of the 792 billionaires in the world increases by $300 to $400 billion annually the four richest people in the world have more wealth than a billion of the poorest.
  • 4. BUt, YoU MAY ASK: cAN We AS INDIVIDUALS Do ANYthING ABoUt ALL thIS? Yes! If we join together with everyone who has the power and will to change the present situation we will have a chance. Let’s concentrate on what concerns us all: the preservation of the globe and the struggle for the human dignity of all its population. The ethical basis for this focus will be empathy, humanity and spirituality. The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is built on precisely this ethical founda- tion. It is an integrated platform, in which the worlds of politics and econo- mics together with non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the scientific and religious communities and the media – people from North and South – can co-operate in a new way. Transcending state borders and cultural and religious boundaries, the initiative works towards providing a win-win soluti- on for a fairer and sustainable form of globalisation. The primary goal of economic development must not be to serve the inte- rests of profit maximisation for the few. The economic goal rather is to serve the well-being of the greatest number of people and to facilitate the development, preservation and security of life and the ecological system. A rationally developed Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social market economy is in the long-term interests of all countries, of regional, national and international politics, of the world economy and also of civil society – for us, the people of the world and the globe. It can turn out to be the most effective programme possible in today’s world for peace and eco- nomic development in the decades to come. Let us bring the world into balance together!
  • 5. the hIStorY of the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe In the course of UN Conferences many documents have been prepared and many agreements reached about ways to meet global challenges – but all too frequently these were never implemented. In 2003 representatives of science, politics, the media, culture, the economy and NGOs cooperated to meet the challenge of an ever-deepening crisis in human development. Their contribution was to be in the framework of the Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social market economy, based on the idea of the Marshall Plan after World War 2 as well as the concept deve- loped by Al Gore in the 1990s, which would link (co-)financing with the setting of environmental and social standards to create a win-win situation for both North and South. Since 2003 the initiative has grown into a network of more than a hundred organisations together with many federal states and communities. The initiative is independent, without party, religious or cultural affiliations. Many thousands of people from all parts of the globe have pledged their goodwill and their support for the Global Marshall Plan initiative. They include: Franz Alt, Dieter Althaus, Kurt Beck, Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan, Carl-Eduard von Bismarck, Karlheinz Böhm, Eugen Drewermann, Hans Peter Dürr, Peter Eigen, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Franz Fischler, Johan Galtung, Heiner Geissler, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Jane Goodall, Vittorio Hösle, Sandra Maischberger, Wahu Kaara, Reinhold Messner, Josef Riegler, Hermann Scheer, Vandana Shiva, Klaus Töpfer, Jakob von Uexküll, Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker and Jean Ziegler. By arranging lectures and discussions, disseminating information and publi- shing books as well as through networking and carefully targeted lobbying, the Global Marshall Plan Initiative has been trying to consolidate forces and to raise consciousness about the changes that are going to need to take place. If everyone who was convinced of the need for change managed to persuade just one other person a year, the snowball effect would mean that in 33 years the entire population of the world would share a common ideal (for 233 = 8.5 billion).
  • 6. the orIGINAL MArShALL pLAN: A SYMBoL of hope, SoLIDArItY AND peAce The historic Marshall Plan (officially: the European Recovery Program, or ERP for short) was the USA’s economic reconstruction programme for Western Europe after the Second World War. It was named after its foun- der, the US Secretary of State and winner of the Nobel peace prize George C. Marshall. The programme began in 1947 and lasted for four years, in the course of which the USA paid to the participating states 12.4 billion dollars or 1.3% of its GDP. Over the following two decades there was – through what was called the economic miracle –, extraordinary economic growth and a huge increase in wealth. Moreover, today, the Marshall Plan is seen as the first step towards European integration. In the light of both of these facts we have decided to name our initiative the “Global Marshall Plan”. Obviously one cannot directly compare the situation then with that in the disadvantaged regions of the world today. Likewise, we are also aware that the political and economic aims of the original Marshall Plan are not undisputed. Nevertheless the Marshall Plan stands for hope, solidarity and peace. Who ShoULD Be INVoLVeD IN the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN? The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is quite consciously addressed to diffe- rent groups simultaneously: to all those in the world, who are prepared to bring their knowledge, experience and ideas to the initiative
  • 7. to churches and other religious organisations, to the media und artists, who can help spread the idea of the Global Marshall Plan and raise awareness in society to the representatives of interest groups, as well as to civil society as represented by NGOs. Our goal is to join forces in order to work towards a more just and sustainable form of globalisation to the scientific community. We invite specialists in all areas to develop further the Global Marshall Plan into a more detailed inter- disciplinary project to business leaders who could embrace the Global Marshall Plan in order to work for socially just and environmentally responsible deve- lopment to governments and national parliaments, to give the Global Marshall Plan official support and to develop it in dialogue with the other players. This new quality of global action and cooperative pro- blem-solving is in the long term interests of all countries to the G8, who in fighting poverty should not focus on short-term measures such as aid and debt relief, but on eradicating structural poverty through a reform of global regulations and institutions to the European Union, as the most important hope for our project and for millions of people in the world. The member states of the EU have a historic opportunity to progress from being former colonial powers to partners in an effective and comprehensive development policy. The EU can and should be courageous enough to develop an alternative to the current form of globalisation and then go on to pro- mote it in international negotiations to the UN with all its programmes and special organisations, which have a central role to play in bringing this project to fruition. Moreover we support the initiatives aimed at reforming the UN in terms of its efficiency, powers and funding.
  • 8. oUr GoALS: for A More jUSt forM of GLoBALISAtIoN Globalisation doesn’t just happen; the way it develops can be shaped. To do this, however, it requires determined private and political interests who want to shape it in a new and sustainable direction – for the general good. The aim of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative is a peace strategy for the development of humanity, based on justice, solidarity and sustainable deve- lopment as well as a dialogue between the different cultures and religions of the world in a partnership based on mutual respect, empathy and tolerance. Although the Initiative was started in Europe, it sees itself as a joint forum of the “North” and the “South”, working for a sustainable world. We want to cooperate with many existing projects, initiatives and personalities – in the conviction that, although there are many legitimate differences in social poli- cy, party politics and the concerns of interest groups, as well as philosophical and religious disparities, there is significant common ground in the overall aims: a more just form of globalisation economic, ecological and social sustainability realisation of human rights and human dignity for all In our opinion the achievement of these goals will only be possible if they benefit both sides, “North” and “South”. For this reason we are proposing the following requirements: equal development opportunities to be achieved through coo- peration and efficient funding – funds should be raised partly by taxes on global currency transactions fair global competition to be achieved by the cautious establish- ment of open markets, allowing at the same time individual nations the right to some protection of their markets, and by the establish- ment of a global economic framework of social and ecological stan- dards which will be binding for all countries.
  • 9. The Global Marshall Plan Initiative is interested in picking up on good ideas and initiating independent projects so that, through awareness-raising from the bottom up, it will be possible to change the behaviour of political and business leaders. oUr StrAteGY: the LINKING of fUNDING to eNVIroNMeNtAL AND SocIAL StANDArDS We need a just and practicable international regulatory framework. With that in mind the Global Marshall Plan is based on a successful and above all “humanitarian” model – namely that of the social market economy, com- plemented by the principle of environmental responsibility in the sense of comprehensive sustainability. Therefore we are calling our model the eco- social market economy. The eco-social market economy is a constructive alternative to the neo-libe- ral market economy dominated by economic interests. In the eco-social market economy the aim is to achieve a balance between an efficient economy, social cohesion and the protection of the environment. The main concern of the “Global Marshall Plan for a worldwide eco-social market economy” is that equal weight should be given to the setting and observance of trade, environmental and social standards on the one hand and securing of the provision of the funds necessary for development on the other. In this, the proposed (co-)financing is designed to facilitate consensus and the implementation of the standards, following a similar logic to the stages of EU enlargement: (co-)financing in return for the implementation of laws and standards shared by all. In this context it is worth emphasising that the principle of the eco-social market economy is firmly anchored in EU policy. The principle is also part of the Lisbon strategy in conjunction with the EU Strategy for Sustainable Development and the draft treaty on the EU consti- tution.
  • 10. Implementation is inadequate however, even in Europe. Our consumption of natural resources, as in all OECD countries, is far too high and dispropor- tionate to our share of the world’s population. Therefore it is necessary for us, here at home, to make major changes to increase the sustainability of the way we live and run our economy. The real goal of a worldwide eco-social market economy, however, goes far beyond the first step of introducing compulsory social and environmental standards. Its demands are: better regulation of world financial markets in order to limit the risk of speculation against individual national economies and currencies a system of worldwide tax co-ordination, including most important- ly the abolition of tax havens and the control of offshore banking, through which between $50 and $60 billion in tax revenue is lost instead of being used for the common good the creation of a worldwide policy of cohesion, i.e. firm cooperation between countries and regions a concept of “prosperity for all”, of prosperity in its widest sense, based on environmental sustainability – which is why the implemen- tation of the polluter pays principle and the environmental real cost of production is a core element of the eco-social market economy the establishment of a world competition commission to prevent over-powerful companies dominating markets, enjoying monopolies or creating cartels. Obviously this worldwide eco-social market economy should not preclude the existence of other approaches, such as for example the economies based on solidarity in South America, but these always need to be implemented within the context of a particular culture. 10
  • 11. „All the good in this world has happened only as a result of someone doing more than he had to“ (unknown)
  • 12. oUr LISt of reQUIreMeNtS: fIVe eLeMeNtS of AN eco-SocIAL MArKet ecoNoMY Aspects of the Global Marshall Plan, which contains five inter-related ele- ments, are already contained in the results of past UN summits, are already part of European policy or among the stated demands of various NGOs and other institutions. These will form both the starting point for our initiative and its foundation – and increase the chances of attaining the stated aims. 1st eLeMeNt: the reALISAtIoN of the INterNAtIoNALLY AGreeD UN MILLeNNIUM DeVeLopMeNt GoALS In 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit 189 states agreed a set of deve- lopment goals to be reached by 2015. We see the implementation of these goals as a first step to sustainable development and a more just world. a halving of the number of people in the world suffering from starva- tion, likewise of those who have an income of less than $1 a day the provision of basic education for all children the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women in society a reduction in the rate of infant mortality to a third of the current figure a substantial improvement in maternal health a reversal of the trend in the growth rates of HIV/Aids, malaria and other epidemic diseases a reduction in the rate of loss of natural resources and a halving of the number of people who have no access to clean drinking water (currently over one billion) 12
  • 13. the creation of a new type of partnership for development the development of an open system of world trade and finance within an appropriate framework a concerted effort to fight poverty, e.g. in relation to the debt problems of the poorest countries the creation of decent and productive employment opportunities affordable access to major drugs universal access to the benefits of modern technology 2nd eLeMeNt: the rAISING of AN ADDItIoNAL $100 BILLIoN per YeAr for DeVeLopMeNt projectS The financial provision needed to reach the Millennium Development Goals is, according to an UN analysis, the Zedillo Report, $50 billion per year, with an additional $20 billion to be allocated for public projects and for humanitarian purposes. The full amount has still to be raised. Since this analysis assumed the availability of funds from 2001, whereas the implemen- tation of the Global Marshall Plan will not be possible before 2008, we must assume a requirement of additional funds of $100 billion a year compared with expenditure in 2004. The total expenditure for international development cooperation in 2004 was $79 billion, which is about 0.26% of Gross National Income (GNI) of the OECD countries, who as far back as 1970, pledged themselves in a UN resolution to spend 0.7% of GNI on development aid. Through the propo- sed Global Marshall Plan this proportion would rise by about 0.6% of GNI. 13
  • 14. Some figures for comparison: Over a period of four years after the Second World War the United States spent 1.3% of its Gross Domestic Product on the Marshall Plan. The amount the world spent on arms in 2004, excluding the cost of the Iraq war, was approximately $950 billion. By the end of the year 2006 the Iraq war has cost close to $300 billion. These figures make it clear that the Global Marshall Plan is both necessary and that it can be funded in its suggested scope. 3rd eLeMeNt: chArGeS oN GLoBAL trANSActIoNS AND oN the coNSUMptIoN of reSoUrceS AS A SoUrce of fUNDING The Global Marshall Plan Initiative supports the goal of raising 0.7% of Gross National Income for development work and it calls upon govern- ments to fulfil their obligations in this regard. In addition we support further debt relief measures and a system for the responsible allocation of credits. Even the most optimistic assumptions about reaching the 0.7% target sug- gest, however, that from 2008 there will be a substantial shortfall in the additional $100 billion that is required. For this reason and also for reasons of regulatory policy a substantial part of this money should be raised by taxes on global transactions and on the consumption of natural resources. Currently, new financial instruments are being introduced as pilot projects in some countries, for example the tax on airline tickets – a small fuel surchar- ge – or the International Finance Facility, a financial instrument financed through bonds which can make additional short-term funding available for the Millennium Development Goals. That, however, is far from enough. Therefore we would argue for more far- reaching measures and would be ready to pick up on ideas that come up at international conferences or are developed by financial experts and by socie- ty at large. We want global taxes which will bring an end to regional distor- tions in competitiveness, because at the moment, in proportional terms, too 1
  • 15. little tax is levied on global economic activity. Moreover economic activity places a disproportional burden on the environment without bearing the relevant costs. The proposed taxes will however only burden the economy and consumers to a small degree. A further criterion is easier administration through already existing institutions. Tax on Foreign Exchange Transactions This is a sales tax on foreign exchange transactions (for example on the exchange of euros into yen), which, not entirely correctly, is termed the “Tobin tax”. Because the daily exchange transactions in the EU alone are currently almost 700 billion euros, around $30 billion per year could be rai- sed for the Global Marshall Plan through a minimal charge on all currency transactions of, for example, 0.01%. There have long been many calls for a tax on foreign exchange transactions. Such a measure has already been approved by the French and Belgian par- liaments on the condition that it would be implemented on an internatio- nal basis – in Austria there has also been a similar parliamentary decision. A Europe-wide introduction (EU and Switzerland) would be feasible and would in addition bring more transparency to the exchange markets. Tax on Kerosene As the Landau Report, commissioned by the French President Jacques Chirac, shows, there are many advantages to be gained from a tax on kero- sene. It is related to the real cost of air pollution caused by air travel and can be raised easily because the sale of kerosene is regulated. It is estimated that a worldwide introduction of such a scheme would provide an additi- onal income of around $10 billion. This would increase air ticket prices by around 2.5%. Moreover, from the perspective of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative it is incomprehensible that air travel, with its attendant pollution, should be subsidised through a no-tax policy on kerosene. More financial instruments being discussed within the Initiative are special drawing rights for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – that is an artifi- cial unit of currency, which can be used for the good of marginalised coun- tries – and the Terra charge, a small tax on world trade. 1
  • 16. 4th eLeMeNt: GLoBAL GoVerNANce – the DeVeLopMeNt of A frAMeWorK for the WorLD ecoNoMY The overcoming of global fundamentalist market strategies and the realisa- tion of a worldwide eco-social market economy should be made possible through the establishment of a better framework in line with a fairer world contract. For that purpose the existing body of regulations and institutions governing the economy, environment, society and culture (e.g. in the WTO, IMF, World Bank, UN and their programmes and special organi- sations like the ILO, UNDP, UNEP and UNESCO, likewise the IUCN) should be linked and submitted to reforms. Step by step, broad internationally agreed standards are to be established in conjunction with the Global Marshall Plan. Only in this way will the desired effect materialise and permanent broad support from global civil society and from the world of economics and politics be obtained. The most appropriate way to achieve this is the linking of environmental and social standards and the aforementioned body of regulations with the (co-)financing programme. Moreover, the allocation of resources for the latter should not be determi- ned by short-term economic interests or through the short-term exercise of power by elite countries in poorer ones. For this phase of the Global Marshall Plan the use of the following stan- dards, which have already found consensus amongst UN members, will be the goal: fundamental economic, social and cultural human rights, which are to a large extent congruent with the core principles of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) such as union rights, equal gender treatment, the prohibition of child labour, etc. the standards of international environmental and nature conservation agreements such as for example the Convention on Biodiversity, the Ramsar Convention, the Washington Conservation of Species Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Protocol. 1
  • 17. When applying these criteria to the allocation of funds one needs to remem- ber that failing to observe some of these environmental and social standards represents the most important competitive advantage that economically marginalised countries possess. The example of EU enlargement shows that, nevertheless, arrangements concerning the application of common standards and levels of protection can be reached, if at the same time the necessary funding for sustainable development can be secured for the poorer partners from the richer countries. It is clear that this linkage is profitable for all con- cerned. the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN AND the Wto In den Überlegungen der Global Marshall Plan Initiative spielt die WTO eine besondere Rolle. Sie ist zwar wie keine andere internationale Organisation in die Kritik geraten, vor allem, weil sie, ihrem Mandat entsprechend, primär den Abbau von Handelshemmnissen fördert und dabei ökologische, soziale sowie kulturelle Aspekte weitgehend unberücksichtigt lässt. Aber längerfristig könnte die WTO dennoch zur geeigneten Institution reformiert werden, um die Verknüpfung von Handelsregeln mit sozialen und ökologischen Standards zu einem gerechten, ausbalancierten und in sich schlüssigen, auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichteten Wirtschaftsystem zu erreichen. Dabei sind der Grad an Verbindlichkeit und die Durchsetzungsmöglichkeit von wesentlicher Bedeu- tung, die mittels neuer Sanktionsmöglichkeiten weiter gesichert werden könnten. Ohne eine aktivere Teilnahme der marginalisierten Länder an transpa- renten Verhandlungsprozessen wird sich die WTO allerdings schwer von dem Vorwurf befreien können, der verlängerte Arm der großen Handelsmächte zu sein. Alternative Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Durchsetzbarkeit ökologischer und sozialer Standards setzen auf eine Stärkung einer reformierten UNO, z. B. durch eine Weiterentwicklung der UNEP zu einer Weltumweltorganisation (UNEO) und effizientere Instrumente zur Durchsetzung von Sozialstandards im Rahmen der ILO bzw. der Menschenrechte. 1
  • 18. 5th eLeMeNt: SUStAINABLe DeVeLopMeNt INSteAD of MereLY cAtchING Up – for A DeVeLopMeNt poLIcY BASeD oN jUStIce The following are crucial factors in establishing a rational global framework and autonomous development: fairness and cooperation at all levels a strengthening of the powers of the partner countries in decision and policy making the promotion of good governance and the fight against corruption a co-ordinated and grassroots approach to the allocation of funds, e.g. micro-credit and micro-financing adequate financing Many people in rich countries still stubbornly hold on to the idea that if only people in the “developing” countries would think and trade, produce and consume like us, they would also have our level of “earned wealth”. Behind that thought lies the old idea that fortune always favours the virtuo- us and that poverty is essentially self-inflicted. Quite apart from the fact that this ignores the multi-faceted dimensions of poverty, it does not take into account the extent to which its causes lie in the inequality of power and ownership structures which have perpetuated poverty and dependence for centuries. The worldwide expansion of “western” development, even if we ignore all its undesirable and unsustainable aspects, will certainly not lead to universal prosperity for all peoples and nations, but rather to cultural impoverishment and the destruction of our natural resources. A development policy based on poorer countries “catching up” is thus clear- ly not desirable nor even in own interests. The devaluation of traditional or socially and culturally different ways of life and belief systems has contributed to weakening people’s initiative and their feeling of self-worth, as well as mar- ginalising entire national economies. 1
  • 19. Not least, it is the arrogance of “western civilisation”, which is seen by peo- ple in other parts of the world as degrading and threatening and provokes anti-western feeling that creates a breeding ground for hate and violence. Other factors are inequality of opportunity and a lack of balance in the way the interests of poorer nations are represented. Fighting world poverty is not charity but a humanitarian imperative. We see development policy as a policy for peace – it is a matter of enlightened self-interest, as the Brandt Report made clear as long ago as 1980. In our world, with its mutual dependencies and vulnerabilities, security can only be achieved if people work with each other and not against each other. Security policy in the narrow military sense is totally inadequate because it ignores the structural causes of violence, such as socio-economic and political grievances. Moreover it is necessary at the same time to build mutual trust and to accept people in disadvantaged countries as equal partners and to allow them to par- ticipate in processes of international negotiation and decision making. Such a development policy goes far beyond cooperation on development projects and programmes and includes: the removal of obstacles to development in world economics and politics building cooperative partnerships to solve global challenges and problems. How much development policy is actually capable of achieving obviously depends both upon the resources that are made available and the extent of supportive political will behind it. Without a radical change in the current division of wealth and power our vision of peace, freedom, justice and sustainable development will never become reality. 1
  • 20. froM DeVeLopMeNt AID to DeVeLopMeNt cooperAtIoN It has long been recognised that there is a complicated network of causes underlying obstacles to development and furthermore that there is no simple solution to the problem. Improvements to development cooperation both in terms of quantity and quality are still necessary. In their planning experts have long ignored the actual living conditions of people and not taken into account contextual inter-connections. A rethink is happening only gradually. The ini- tial paternal type of development aid has become development cooperation, recipients have become partners. Development, understood in terms of individual abilities and capabilities reaching their full potential, has to mean “self-development”. People them- selves are the real experts. However, the initial impetus and a framework of favourable conditions for development may come from outside. An essential element is the empowerment of women and disadvantaged groups so that they are made aware of their rights. Therefore, the Global Marshall Plan Initiative attaches great importance to grassroots initiatives and financial instruments such as micro credit. At state level, institutional organisation and “good gover- nance” is required as well as the concentration of regional resources. For more effective development work there needs to be a commitment to increasing the funding in stages as well as the following qualitative improvements: greater harmonisation, cooperation, coordination and coherence among OECD countries more effective institutions on both the national and international level a greater degree of importance to be attached to the priorities of the partners and also on sustainability mutual responsibility, accountability and transparency a strengthening of the problem-solving abilities of individual states and their scope for action as well as an active role for people in sha- ping their own future an integrated but flexible approach to eradicating poverty, reducing environmental damage and securing peace 20
  • 21. „Nothing in the world is as strong as an idea whose time has come“ (Victor Hugo) 21
  • 22. SUpporterS of the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe (extrAct) Aachen Foundation Kathy Beys AIESEC Germany and Austria Akademie für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein (Academy for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein) AKWD (Committee for World Church Services of the Church of Nordelbien) Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt American Council for the United Nations University Andheri Hilfe Austrian Biomass Association Austrian Environmental Umbrella Association Austrian federal states of Burgenland, Lower Austria Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg B.A.U.M e.V. (German Environmental Management Association) BAKI Bank für Sozialwirtschaft Bau-Verein zu Hamburg Beratungsring Biopolitics International Organisation Breinlinger+Partner Bund Naturschutz Schwabach (Schwabach Alliance of Nature Conservation) BWA (Federal Association for Economic Development and Foreign Trade) Cap Anamur Caritas Austria Center for Global Negotiations Club of Budapest Club of Rome COMMARO mobile trading systems Committee for a Democratic U.N. Coolit DABEI (German Association for Education, Invention and Innovation) DBU (German Environmental Foundation) DEV (German Inventors Association) Doehler GmbH DRD (German Delphic Council) DSI (Umbrella Association of Student Initiatives Lüneburg) DSW (German Foundation for World Population) DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste) 22
  • 23. EaiD Task Force Justice Ecosocial Forum Austria, Europe, Croatia and Hungary EPEA (International Environmental Research) Evangelische Akademie Tutzing (Protestant Academy Tutzing) Fairness Foundation Fair Trade Austria Farbfieber FAW/n (Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing/n) Femme Total e.V. Fleuchaus Gallo FondsNetzwerk Forum Umweltbildung (Forum for Environmental Education, Austria) Friends of Nature Fundación Agreste, Argentina GBG Green Budget Germany Gemeinde Mallnitz (Community of Mallnitz) Gemeinsam für Afrika (Together for Africa) German federal state of Thüringen GIP (Society of Intercultural Philosophy) Giraffentoast Global Contract Foundation, Hamburg Grüne Wirtschaft Österreich (Green Economy Austria) Grünhelme e.V. (Green Helmets) Handelskontor Willmann Hauptkirche St. Katharinen, Hamburg HLA Yspertal (Economic Polytechnic Yspertal) Indienhilfe International Students Club ISG (Inter-Disciplinary Society) IUFE (Institute for Environment – Peace – Development) JBZ (Robert-Jungk-Library for Future Questions, Austria) Junior Chamber International (JCI) KAB (Austrian Catholic Workers Association) Katholische Kirchenstiftung Verklärung Christi Katholischer Laienrat Österreich KEMEL (Center of Greek Volunteer Top-Managers) KLB Bad Tölz-Wolfrathausen (Catholic People’s Movement of Bad Tölz- Wolfrathausen) KOO (Co-ordination Office of the Austrian Episcopal Conference for International Development and Mission) 23
  • 24. Krämer Marktforschung (Krämer Market Research) Landentwicklung Steiermark Lebenschancen International Legas Delaney Hamburg Lexware Ltd. Lichtbrücke e.V. Limasol Sports SA Cape Town Marie-Schlei-Association MCC Public Relations Memo AG Meusel Begeer GbR, Positive Concept Mouvement Ecologique a.s.b.l. – Friends of the Earth Luxembourg Münchner Initiative CSR (Munich Initiative CSR) NetzwerkZeitgeist NRW NiBB (Network of Innovative Citizens) Nova EUropa NUE (North German Foundation for the Environment and Development) ÖBU (Swiss Association for Environmentally Conscious Management) ödp (Ecological-Democratic Party) Oikocredit Förderkreis Baden-Württemberg OpenSpace-Online Partnerschaft Mirantao/Mantiqueira (Miranto/Mantiqueira Partnership) Peter-Hesse-Foundation Philosophical and Theological University Heiligenkreuz Reformierter Bund (Protestant Union) Rotary Club Nürnberger Land, Oberstdorf, Oberstaufen-Immenstadt a.s.o. SBP Schlaich Bergermann and Partner SpardaBank Munich SPES Verein (SPES Association) SSES (Swiss Association for Solar Energy) stadt land impulse (town country impulses) Stadt Sonthofen (city of Sonthofen) Stiftung Apfelbaum (Foundation Apple Tree) Stiftung Kinder in Afrika (Foundation for African Children) Stiftung KIT Initiative (KIT Initiative Foundation) Tegut Terra One World Network United World Philharmonic Youth Orchestra UN Millennium Campaign (Germany) University Club Klagenfurt 2
  • 25. University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt | Campus Wieselburg University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna University of Salzburg, Institute of Inter-Cultural Theology and the Study of Religion VENRO (Association of German development non-governmental organisa- tions) Verband Druck und Medien Nord e.V. Volksbank Goch-Kevelär eG and Volksbank Neu-Ulm eG Welthaus Innsbruck Weltparlament der Kulturen (World Parliament of Cultures) WHKT (West German Chambers of Crafts and Skilled Trades‘ Council) Wirtschaftsjunioren Deutschland (Junior Chamber Germany) WKO (Austrian Federal Economic Chamber – Department of Economic Politics) World in Union World Trade Point Federation Germany YOIS Youth for Intergenerational Justice and Sustainability Zukunftsstiftung Entwicklungshilfe (Future Foundation for Development Aid) GLoSSAr GNI: Gross National Income ILO: International Labor Organization IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IMF: International Monetary Fund NGO: Non-Governmental Organization OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNEO: United Nations Environment Organisation UNEP: United Nations Environment Program UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNO/UN: United Nations Organization WTO: World Trade Organization 2
  • 26. the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe International co-ordination Global Marshall Plan Initiative, Steckelhörn 9, 20457 Hamburg, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)40 822 90 42-0, Fax: +49 (0)40 822 90 42-1, Email: info@globalmarshallplan.org Account details: Global Marshall Plan Foundation, account 212, routing number: 251 205 10, Sozialbank, Swift/BIC: BFSWDE33HAN, IBAN: DE73 2512 0510 0008 4098 00 USA co-ordination Center for Global Negotiations, PO Box 63776, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA Tel.: +1 215 592 10 16 Email: usa@globalmarshallplan.org Account details: Center for Global Negotiations, account 0496287319, routing number: 121000248, Wells Fargo, BIC: WFBIUS6S German co-ordination The German Association for the Club of Rome, Steckelhörn 9, 20457 Hamburg Tel.: +49 (0)40 89 80 75 86, Fax: +49 (0)40 89 80 75 87, E-Mail: germany@globalmarshallplan.org Austrian co-ordination Ecosocial Forum Europe, Franz Josefs-Kai 13, 1010 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 (0)1-533 07 97, Fax: +43 (0)1-533 07 97-90, Email: austria@globalmarshallplan.org Swiss co-ordination ÖBU (Swiss Association for Environmentally Conscious Management), Obstgar- tenstrasse 28, 8035 Zurich, Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)44 364 37 38, Fax: +41 (0)44 364 37 11, Email: switzerland@globalmarshallplan.org Imprint: Authors: Franz Fischler, EU Commissioner ret., President of the Ecosocial Forum; Petra Gruber, CEO Institute for Environment – Peace – Development (IUFE); Franz Josef Radermacher, Director of FAW/n (Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing/n), Ulm; Josef Riegler, Vice-Chancellor ret., Hon. President of the Ecosocial Forum; Klemens Riegler, Co-ordination Global Marshall Plan Austria, Ecosocial Forum; Editors: Ernst Scheiber, Klemens Riegler, Layout: Demner, Merlicek Bergmann 2
  • 27. „the best way to predict the future is to create it“ (unknown)
  • 28. DecLArAtIoN of SUpport of the GLoBAL MArShALL pLAN INItIAtIVe please fax to: +49 (0)40 822 90 42-1 I/We support the Global Marshall Plan Initiative as an organisation in person Organisation: ...………………………………………………………......... Name: ………………………………………………………............ Position: ………………………………………………………............ Adresse: ………………………………………………………............ Email: ………………………………………………………............ I/We would like to receive information and the monthly newsletter by email. I/We would like to participate in the Initiative. I/We would like to financially support the Initiative. monthly quarterly biannually one-off payment Please contact me/us. Date/Signature: ............…………………………………………………
  • 29. Info-Link: www.globalmarshallplan.org This booklet was made by: www.ecosocialforum.org www.umweltdachverband.at www.iufe.at 30 Ein Projekt der Hoffnung weiß groß