1. Past Perfect Simple
and
Past Perfect Continuous

2. I. Form of Past Perfect Simple
II.Using ofPast Perfect Simple
III.Form of Past Perfect Continuous
IV. Usingof Past Perfect Continuous
Content

3. Positive: S + had + V3 + Obj  S + had + been + V3
 The rebels had taken over the province before 2001.
 The province had been taken over by the rebels before 2001.
 They had mugged him by the time I got there.
 He had been mugged by the time I got there.
Form of Past Perfect Simple

4. Negative: S + hadn’t + V3 + Obj  S + hadn’t + been + V3
 They hadn’t tidied the waiting room by 6 am yesterday.
 The waiting room hadn’t been tidied by 6 am yesterday.
Form of Past Perfect Simple

5. Interrogative: Had + S + V3 + Obj?  Had + S + been + V3?
 Had they written the report by the time I arrived?
 Had the report been written by the time I arrived?
Form of Past Perfect Simple

6. I. It is used to look back to the time in the past and refer to
an action that finished before then.
 She was crying because her dog had died.
 I arrived to pick up Dave, but he had left.
II. It used to express the past results.
 My white T-shirt went pink. It had been washed with my
daughter’s red dress.
Using of Past Perfect Simple

7. III. It is used to tell a story which is unchronological orders.
Example:
 Past simple: (1) Sakia met Bradley at a party one Saturday night in June. (2)
They fell in love and (3) got married the next Saturday. (4) After the wedding,
Bradley moved into Sakia’s flat. (5) Sakia rang her parent and told them that
she was married. (6) They were furious.
 Past perfect simple: Sakia and Bradly got married the next Saturday. They
had met at a party one Saturday night in June. They had fallen in love…
 She had an accident when her parents had bought her a car.
Using of Past Perfect Simple

8. Time
Graphic
of
Past
Perfect
Simple

9. Positive form: S + had + been + Ving + …
 The lake was near bursting point as it had been raining heavily for
weeks.
 I had been waiting for ages.
Negative form: S + had + not + been + Ving + …
 We had not been paying attention.
 It had not been raining.
Interrogative form: Had + S + been + Ving + …?
 Had you been paying attention?
 Had it been raining? The ground is wet
Form of Past Perfect Continuous

10. I. This tense is used to describe an ongoing action which
continued or stopped just before a time in the past.
 He had been working for over an hour before the auditors
turned up.
 James had been teaching at the university for more than years
before he left for Asia.
Using of Past Perfect Continuous

11. II. It is used to explain the past result.
*** Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in
the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
• The few survivors looked painfully thin. They had been living
on meagre rations since the accident.
• John was tired because he had been jogging.
Using of Past Perfect Continuous

12. III. We used this tense when we want to focus on duration.
(We use Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started
in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
We can use time expression like “for five minute, for two weeks, etc.”
Note that this is related to the present perfect; however, the duration
does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.)
 The eager fan had been waiting in line for over six hours.
Using of Past Perfect Continuous

13. Time
Graphic of
Past
Perfect
Continuous

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