This is a lesson-session for medical students on the subject of medicine and social sciences-part 1.

1. Lecture 1
Dr Shyam Ashtekar,
Community Medicine dept SMBT, Igatpuri Nashik

2. A woman with F-malaria
in KBK-Odisha
The social context!
 Backward districts of Orissa
 Tribal area, small hamlets
 High parasite density,
hyperendemic
 Rice fields, small streams
 Poor health care system, long
distances
 Anopheles-Fluvialtis
stubborn vector which
survives even in flowing
water
 Open sleeping, poor housing
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4. Doctor-patient
in clinical
setting
Socio-economic,
psychological
etc factors
Political factors
 Clinical
medicine
 Community
Medicine
 Epidemiology
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5. Most health problems have a
socio-political context
Pellet gun injuries in J&K
 Political situation in
J&K, militants, AFSPA
 Economic deprivation
due to development
gap..jobs..
 Unrest, demonstrations
 Security response
 Pellet gun injuries-
blindness, deaths etc
 Schools closed-social
unrest cycle.
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6. Political Science-laws and governance institutions
Economics-production, distribution, consumption,
ownership of resources, demand supply
Sociology-science of Human Relations & Behavior
Psychology- perception, thought, opinion, attitude,
response, motivation, learning etc
Anthropology: physical, social, cultural history of man
History & Geography
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7.  Society-vast network of relationships/constraints
affecting individuals
 Community-locality defined group with common
interests. Urban or Rural community! (urban
means >5000 pop and with >75% non-farm
employment in males, >400/sq km pop density)
 Social structure-specific to state/nation/region
 Social institutions-family, caste, clan, religion,
clubs, schools, political party, associations etc
 Individual Role- as ascribed (through
age/sex/clan) or achieved (like a film star, sports
icon)
 Socialism-state control of society/ownership
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8.  Socialization-the process of individual
acquiring various social norms, culture.
 Social control mechanisms-formal (laws) &
Informal (unwritten rules)
 Customs-folkways-acceptable behavior
(like respecting elders) & mores(more
stringent)..like purdah in North India
 Taboos: Donts’ (nishidhha) eg
breastfeeding after birth was a taboo till
recent times.
 Norms and values
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9.  Culture-Socially acquired and learned behavior,
customs, laws, beliefs, religion, arts, skills,
moral values and subject to change.
 Acculturation-Culture contact & spread—
change process (due to trade, commerce,
migration, education, technology etc)
 Standard of living-income, possession,
consumption, education, better public services
 Social change-last 2 centuries have seen rapid
change in lives..esp the last 2 decades. The
change could be demographic, behavior,
culture etc)
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10.  Social stress & coping
 Social stratification-income, occupation,
education
 Social problems-e.g. girl-child-abortion,
gender violence etc
 Social pathology-used in 2 ways (crime,
violence etc) and (disease link to social
condition-like CHD in upper-middle class)
 Social groups-primary, secondary,
 Crowd-temporary gathering
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11.  Social survey
 Case study-Case is person/family/group etc
 Field study
 Communication-effective passing of
information
 Social defense -defending society against
prevalent problems like drug abuse.
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12. Scope of Psychology
Several Factors affecting
behavior
 Abnormal/normal
psychology
 Educational Psychology
 Social Psychology
 Child Psychology
 Applied Psychology
 Medical Psychology
 Psychoanalysis
 Knowledge
 Beliefs-attitudes
 Values
 Skills
 Gender roles,
 Opportunity
 Economy
 Peer pressure,
 Family influence
 Opinion leaders
 Material conditions
(shortage, oversupply)
 More…
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13. Self-
actualization
Esteem-
Recognition
Social (sense of
belonging)
Safety
Physiological needs-hunger, sleep etc
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14. Causes of Behavior Responses
 Environmental stimuli
 Emotions and feelings
 Needs (Maslow’s
hierarchy-next slide)
 Motivation
 Intellectual perception
 Physical responses-
habits, skills
 Emotional Responses:
emotions, feelings,
tension
 Intellectual Response:
Perception, thinking,
reasoning
 ADJUSTMENTS
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15. Emotions Motivation & attitudes
 Jealousy, hate, anger
 Love, lust, pity,
 Joy, sorrow, grief
 Sympathy,
 Fear
 Moodiness
 EMOTIONS
alter/condition our
response. Can be a
barrier.
 Control of emotions is
essential to healthy life
 Motives, needs, wants,
desires, urges are a
continuum
 Biologic needs, social
needs, economic
needs, ego-integrative
needs (recognition)
 ATTITUDEs involve
components of
knowledge, feeling and
tendency to act.
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16. Factors affecting
learning
Types & ways of
Learning
 Intelligence
 Learning situation
 Motivation
 Age
 Physical health
 Mental Health
 Cognitive, affective,
Psychomotor
 Learning by doing,
trial& error,
observation, imitation,
memorizing,
experience, problem
solving
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17.  Rationalization-justify
 Projection-blaming others
 Compensation- by some other means
like fashions, extravagant clothing,
other activities
 Escape!-addictions
 Displacement-taking it out on others
 Regression-immature forms of
response-crying, weeping, suicide
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18.  Extrovert-Introvert (Carl Jung)
 Traits-cheerful, honest, loyal, serious, sporty,
tactful, reliable, kind, helping, thoughtful,
ethical, serene etc..
 Personality development: through life cycle-
childhood to old age
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19.  Ability to see meaningful relations between
things
 IQ: Mental age/chronological age*100:Normal
90-109
 Adult Intelligence: spatial, numbers, verbal
comprehension, expression, memory,
induction, deduction, flexibility
 IQ tests-group tests, individual tests
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20.  This is about Group Behavior
 Social Interaction-interpersonal or inter-
group
 Group morale- leadership is important for
this.
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21. Universal Human Rights
(UN 1959)
Individual
Responsibilities
 Livelihood and Standard
of living attainable by
him/family
 Special rights for
motherhood & childhood
 Equality, justice
 Right to property
 Right to life, food,
clothing, housing
 Right to Health
 Freedom of speech
 Right to education
 Personal health-diet,
cleanliness
 Healthful habits
 Safety of others (take
case of Dengue,
chikengunya vector
breeding)
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22.  Understanding family,
 Cultural factors in Health & Disease
 Socio-economic classification
 Medical sociology
 Social problems
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