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Business Analysis
Training
Quality Assurance/
Software Testing and
A Business Analyst’s Role

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Agenda
• Software Quality Testing
• Purpose of Quality Testing
• Project Life Cycle and Software Testing
• Quality Testing in Different Phases of Project Life Cycle
• Role of a Software Tester
• Types of Software Testing
• Software Testing Types Explained
• Various Software Testing Tools
• Verification and Validation
• Role of Business Analyst
• Purpose of Business Analysis and a Business Analyst Role
• Business Analyst Effects the Change
• Business Analyst’s role in different phases of Project life cycle - PLC

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What is it?
• Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with
information about the quality of the product or service under test.
• Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the
software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of
software implementation.
• Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a
program or application with the intent of finding software bugs(errors or
other defects).
Software testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that
a software program/application/product:
• Meets the requirements that guided its design and development;
• Works as expected; and
• Can be implemented with the same characteristics.
Software Quality Testing

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Purpose of Quality Testing
A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may
be discovered and corrected.
Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions
but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific
conditions.
The scope of software testing often includes examination of code as well as
execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as
examining the aspects of code: does it do what it is supposed to do and do what
it needs to do.
In the current culture of software development, a testing organization may be
separate from the development team.
There are various roles for testing team members. Information derived from
software testing may be used to correct the process by which software is
developed

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Project Life Cycle and Software Testing
Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be
implemented at any time in the development process.
However, most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been
defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology
of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted.
Different software development models will focus the test effort at different
points in the development process.
Newer development models, such as Agile, often employ test driven
development and place an increased portion of the testing in the hands of the
developer, before it reaches a formal team of testers.
In a more traditional model, most of the test execution occurs after the
requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed.

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Quality Testing in Different Phases of
Project Life Cycle

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Role of a Software Tester

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Other Stake holders
User Communities
Sponsors
Developers
Project Management
Business Analysts
Test metrics
Root cause
analysis of bugs
Software Tester
Communicate
bugs and
resolve issues
Acquire
requirements
and CRs
User acceptance
tests
User acceptance
tests.
Certify/Approve
the software
Alpha/Beta
testing
User acceptance
tests.
Certify/Approve
the software
Software tester acts like a security gate to ensure quality software
that meets business expectations

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• ACCEPTANCE TESTING.
• BLACK BOX TESTING
• COMPATIBILITY TESTING.
• CONFORMANCE TESTING
• FUNCTIONAL TESTING
• INTEGRATION TESTING.
• LOAD TESTING.
• PERFORMANCE TESTING
• REGRESSION TESTING.
• SMOKE TESTING
• STRESS TESTING
• SYSTEM TESTING
• UNIT TESTING
• WHITE BOX TESTING
Types of Software Testing

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• Black box testing – Internal system design is not considered in this type of
testing. Tests are based on requirements and functionality
• White box testing – This testing is based on knowledge of the internal
logic of an application’s code. Also known as Glass box Testing. Internal
software and code working should be known for this type of testing. Tests
are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions
• Unit testing – Testing of individual software components or modules.
Typically done by the programmer and not by testers, as it requires
detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. may require
developing test driver modules or test harnesses.
• Incremental integration testing – Bottom up approach for testing i.e
continuous testing of an application as new functionality is added;
Application functionality and modules should be independent enough to
test separately. done by programmers or by testers.
Software Testing Types Explained

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• Integration testing – Testing of integrated modules to verify combined
functionality after integration. Modules are typically code modules,
individual applications, client and server applications on a network, etc.
This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed
systems.
• Functional testing – This type of testing ignores the internal parts and
focus on the output is as per requirement or not. Black-box type testing
geared to functional requirements of an application.
• System testing – Entire system is tested as per the requirements. Black-
box type testing that is based on overall requirements specifications,
covers all combined parts of a system.
• End-to-end testing – Similar to system testing, involves testing of a
complete application environment in a situation that mimics real-world
use, such as interacting with a database, using network communications,
or interacting with other hardware, applications, or systems if
appropriate.
Software Testing Types Explained

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• Sanity testing - Testing to determine if a new software version is
performing well enough to accept it for a major testing effort. If
application is crashing for initial use then system is not stable enough for
further testing and build or application is assigned to fix.
• Regression testing – Testing the application as a whole for the
modification in any module or functionality. Difficult to cover all the
system in regression testing so typically automation tools are used for
these testing types.
Software Testing Types Explained

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• Acceptance testing -Normally this type of testing is done to verify if system meets
the customer specified requirements. User or customer do this testing to
determine whether to accept application.
• Load testing – Its a performance testing to check system behavior under load.
Testing an application under heavy loads, such as testing of a web site under a
range of loads to determine at what point the system’s response time degrades or
fails.
• Stress testing – System is stressed beyond its specifications to check how and
when it fails. Performed under heavy load like putting large number beyond
storage capacity, complex database queries, continuous input to system or
database load.
• Performance testing – Term often used interchangeably with ‘stress’ and ‘load’
testing. To check whether system meets performance requirements. Used
different performance and load tools to do this.
• Usability testing – User-friendliness check. Application flow is tested, Can new
user understand the application easily, Proper help documented whenever user
stuck at any point. Basically system navigation is checked in this testing.
• Install/uninstall testing - Tested for full, partial, or upgrade install/uninstall
processes on different operating systems under different hardware, software
environment.
• Recovery testing – Testing how well a system recovers from crashes, hardware
failures, or other catastrophic problems.
Cont’d…
Software Testing Types Explained

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• Security testing – Can system be penetrated by any hacking way. Testing how well
the system protects against unauthorized internal or external access. Checked if
system, database is safe from external attacks.
• Compatibility testing – Testing how well software performs in a particular
hardware/software/operating system/network environment and different
combination s of above.
• Comparison testing – Comparison of product strengths and weaknesses with
previous versions or other similar products.
• Alpha testing – In house virtual user environment can be created for this type of
testing. Testing is done at the end of development. Still minor design changes may
be made as a result of such testing.
• Beta testing – Testing typically done by end-users or others. Final testing before
releasing application for commercial purpose.
Cont’d…
Software Testing Types Explained

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• Some functional automation tools:
01. Winrunner (from mercury),
02. Quick test professional (HP),
• 03. ALM from HP
04. Silk test (from seague)
05. Rational robot (from rational)
some load testing tools:
01. Load runner (from mercury),
02. Silk performer (from seague)
03. Rational performance tester (from rational)
04. Wapt (web application test, from Softlogica)
some test management tools:
01. Test Director (from Mercury)
02. Quality center (from HP)
03. Test Manager (from Rational)
04. Bugzilla Test Runner
05. Salome-TMF
06. RTH (Open source)
• 07. ALM (from HP)
Various Software Testing Tools:

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Verification and Validation
• Verification is a quality control process that is used to evaluate whether a product,
service, or system complies with regulations, specifications, or conditions imposed at the
start of a development phase. Verification can be in development, scale-up, or
production.
This is often an internal process.
• Validation is a quality assurance process of establishing evidence that provides a high
degree of assurance that a product, service, or system accomplishes its intended
requirements. This often involves acceptance of fitness for purpose with end users and
other product stakeholders. This is often an external process.
• It is sometimes said that validation can be expressed by the query "Are you building the
right thing?“ and verification by "Are you building it right?“
• "Building the right thing" refers back to the user's needs, while "building it right" checks
that the specifications are correctly implemented by the system. In some contexts, it is
required to have written requirements for both as well as formal procedures or protocols
for determining compliance.

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Role of Business Analyst

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• Business Analysis is a set of tasks and techniques used to work as a liaison
among stakeholder in order to understand the structure , policies and
operations of an organization and recommends solutions that enable the
organization to achieve its goals.
• Business Analysts must analyze and synthesize information provided by a
large number of people who interact with the business such as customers ,
staff, IT professionals and executives.
• The business analyst is responsible for eliciting the actual needs of stake
holders ,not simply their expressed desires.In many cases, the business
analyst will also work to facilitate communication between organizational
units.
Purpose of Business Analysis and a Business Analyst Role

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Identify and
communicate
compelling
reasons
Assure a
safe
"destination
"
Business Analyst Effects the Change

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User
representatives

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Business Analyst’s role in different phases of
Project life cycle - PLC

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Build /Unit Test:
• Maintain communication lines between users and development
communities
• Observe to ensure that -what is built solves the problem’.
System/Integration Test:
• Confirm all requirements have been met during System Testing.
• Clearly define the non-functional requirements, where applicable
• Track open issues relating to requirements
Acceptance Test:
• Take lead, if possible
• Ensure customer satisfaction
Business Analyst’s role in different phases of
Project life cycle - PLC

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Questions?

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Thank You!