Call Girls Colaba Mumbai â¤ď¸ 9920874524 đ Cash on Delivery
Â
Fixation techniques in rot cuff repair
1. Fixation techniques
in rotator cuff repair
Manos Antonogiannakis
Director
Center for shoulder arthroscopy
IASO General Hospital
Athens, Greece
2. Rotator Cuff Function
1. Dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder
2. Contributes strength to the arm
(50% of the abduction strength is generated by
supraspinatus)
3. Couple forces stabilize and regulate the
motion of the shoulder
www.shoulder.gr
3. Rotator Cuff disease
Rotator cuff disease is a wide spectrum
of clinical conditions, which range
from asymptomatic partial
thickness tears to symptomatic rotator cuff
arthropathy
www.shoulder.gr
4. Tearsâ Definitions
⢠Partial Thickness Tears =
absence of communication between the
glenohumeral joint and the subacromial
bursa.
⢠Full Thickness Tears =
communication between the glenohumeral
joint and the subacromial bursa.
⢠Massive Tear =
Involving 2 or 3 tendons [Gerber]
or bigger than 5cm [Cofield]
www.shoulder.gr
5. Partial Thickness Tear
⢠Bursal side tears
⢠Articular side tears
⢠Intratendinus tears
Partial tear classification by Ellman
⢠Grade I <3mm deep
⢠Grade II 3-6mm deep
⢠Grade III >6mm deep (i.e. >50% thickness)
www.shoulder.gr
6. How frequent are RC Tears?
⢠Rotator Cuff Frequency:
30% of population
⢠Significant correlation with
age [Sher JS, Arthroscopy 1995]
www.shoulder.gr
7. Natural History of a Tear
⢠Tears DO NOT HEAL. Some but NOT ALL of them will
progress
⢠Rot cuff arthropathy is the end stage (4-20%)
⢠50% of newly symptomatic tears will progress in size
⢠20% of asymptomatic tears will progress.
⢠No Tear seem to decrease in size.
⢠80% of partial tears progress in size or become full
thickness at 2 years
[Yamaguchi K., 2006, Nice Shoulder Course]
www.shoulder.gr
8. Partial Tears Treatment
⢠By far the most common partial tears are
Articular-side, vascular or age relateted
Traditionally partial tears classifications
are based to 50%
BUT
âHow healthy is the remaining,
intact tissue?â
www.shoulder.gr
9. Partial Tears Treatment Options
1. Debride partial tear only
2. In-situ Repair
3. Convert to full thickness, Debride, Repair
Etiology makes the decision!!!
⢠Because most tears are degenerative, option 3
should be the best for most cases
⢠Trauma or young athletes are candidates for in-situ
repair
⢠If minimal partial tears cause significant pain then
debridement alone
[Yamaguch K, 2006 Nice Shoulder Course]
www.shoulder.gr
10. RC Tear Classification
Acute, Chronic, Acute on chronic
Tear Age Tissue Quality
1. Partial <40 Good
2. Complete <40 Good
3. Complete 40-65 Good
4. Complete 40-65 Bad
5. Complete >65 Good
6. Complete >65 Bad
www.shoulder.gr
15. Todayâs Knowledge
⢠Rot cuff has some degree of reserve that affords
functional use of the arm in cases of limited tendon
deficiency.
⢠Location rather that size of a tear maybe more important
in the development of symptoms.
⢠Type of activities plays an important factor in the
development of symptoms
www.shoulder.gr
16. Goutallier fatty degeneration of muscles
⢠Stage 0 Normal muscle â no fatty streaming
⢠Stage 1 Occasional fatty streaming
⢠Stage 2 Fat<50% of cross sectioned area
Fat < Muscle
⢠Stage 3 Fat=50% of cross sectioned area
Fat = Muscle
⢠Stage 4 Fat>50% of cross sectioned area
Fat > Muscle
www.shoulder.gr
17. What to do???
⢠Patients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degeneration
DO NOT improve with rot cuff repair
[Goutallier]
Vs.
⢠Patients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degeneration
improved significant at 86% of cases after
arthroscopic repair
[Burkhart]
www.shoulder.gr
18. How to convert a Symptomatic tear to an
Asymptomatic re-tear
⢠Subacromial decompression and
debridmeut
⢠Biseps tenotomy
⢠Partial repair and healing of the rot cuff
⢠Adequate post-op rehabilitation
www.shoulder.gr
19. Early failure
of arthroscopic rot cuff repair
1. Failure of tendon-suture interface
2. Suture-anchor failure
3. Suture failure
www.shoulder.gr
20. RC Repair Results
⢠The rate of structural failure after open repair varies
from 20% to more 50%, while it is greater for
arthroscopic repairs
⢠First report of DOUBLE ROW repair:
Fealy S, Kingham TP, Altchek DW, Arthoscopy July 2002
Mini-open Rot cuff repair using a two row fixation technique
www.shoulder.gr
21. Conclusions
⢠Rot Cuf is extremely significant for the normal function of
the shoulder
⢠Rot Cuf tears can be asymptomatic
⢠Symptoms Produced by a tear depend on:
â Size
â Location
â Functional demands of the patient
www.shoulder.gr
22. Conclusions
⢠An anatomically deficient but biomechanical intact cuff is
possible
⢠Biomechanical intact cuff is the cuff that restores the
equilibrium of the force couples
⢠A cuff tear does not heal conservative
⢠A cuff tear after operative repair may yet not heal
⢠Partial healing may restore sufficient power to the cuff to
equilibrate the force couples
www.shoulder.gr
23. Conclusions
⢠Non-operative treatment strives to optimize the function
of the remaining cuff
⢠Rehabilitation after surgery strives to optimize the
function of the partially or completely healed cuff
www.shoulder.gr
24. ..so when we treat a RC tearâŚ
We must try to:
⢠Optimize the anatomic integrity of the cuff by a repair
with minimal morbidity to the healthy tissues (mainly
deltoid)
THEN
⢠Rehabilitate vigorously the patient, to optimize the total
function of the shoulder
THEN
We can expect a majority of
satisfied patients
www.shoulder.gr
25. Our Results
⢠41 pts single row repair
⢠Small 3 (7.31%)
⢠Medium 26 (63.41%)
⢠Large 5 (12.18%)
⢠Massive 7 (17.7%)
⢠Mean age 58.8 years
⢠Mean FU 14 months
⢠UCLA score
Excellent 10 (24.39%)
Good 20 (48.78%)
Fair 9 (21.95%)
Poor 2 (4.87%)
92% Substantial Improvement
in Pain
[Acta Orthopedica Hellenica, 2007]
www.shoulder.gr
50. Massive Rot Cuff TearsMassive Rot Cuff Tears
Definition:Definition:
⢠Involving 2 or more Tendon TearsInvolving 2 or more Tendon Tears (Gerber)(Gerber)
⢠>5cm Tear>5cm Tear (Cofield)(Cofield)
51. The problemThe problem
⢠Poor tendon qualityPoor tendon quality
⢠Muscle tendon retractionMuscle tendon retraction
⢠Muscular atrophy fatty infiltrationMuscular atrophy fatty infiltration
The three central issuesThe three central issues
⢠Passive range of motionPassive range of motion
⢠Tendon retractionTendon retraction
⢠Muscle viabilityMuscle viability
⢠Failure of healingFailure of healing
52. Techniques of releasesTechniques of releases
⢠The techniques adapted from openThe techniques adapted from open
surgery as described by Codmann,surgery as described by Codmann,
Rockwood, NeerRockwood, Neer
⢠Refined and modernized by Esch, Snyder,Refined and modernized by Esch, Snyder,
Gartsman, Burkhart and othersGartsman, Burkhart and others
53. ANY TYPE OF RECONSTRUCTIONANY TYPE OF RECONSTRUCTION
MUST AVOID TENSION OVER-LOADMUST AVOID TENSION OVER-LOAD
OF THE REPAIROF THE REPAIR
54. The solutionThe solution
⢠Improve the mechanical strength of theImprove the mechanical strength of the
repairrepair
⢠Enhance the biological responseEnhance the biological response
⢠Abandon and replace-muscle transferAbandon and replace-muscle transfer
⢠Rot cuff arthropathy-reverse or extendedRot cuff arthropathy-reverse or extended
head arthroplastyhead arthroplasty
55. Recognize the Tear PatternRecognize the Tear Pattern
⢠Tears must be repaired in theTears must be repaired in the
direction of greatest mobility ->direction of greatest mobility ->
minimal strainminimal strain
72. L-Shaped & U-Shaped TearsL-Shaped & U-Shaped Tears
Greater mobility from anterior toGreater mobility from anterior to
posterior than medial to lateralposterior than medial to lateral
73. L-Shaped & U-Shaped TearsL-Shaped & U-Shaped Tears
⢠Side to side sutures from medial to lateralSide to side sutures from medial to lateral
⢠Progressively converge the margin of theProgressively converge the margin of the
tear lateral to bone bedtear lateral to bone bed
⢠Closing 50% of a U-Shaped tear ->Closing 50% of a U-Shaped tear ->
reduces strain at converge margin by areduces strain at converge margin by a
factor of 6factor of 6
[[S. S .Burkhart]S. S .Burkhart]
74. Closing an L-shaped or U-shaped tear is much like closing a tent flap
Closure of an U-shaped tear involves first side-to-side closure
of the vertical limb of the tear, then tendon-to-bone closure of the
transverse limb
L or U -shaped tear
S. S .BurkhartS. S .Burkhart
75. ďź Large U-shaped cuff tear
extending to glenoid
ďź Margin convergence
ďź The free margin of the cuff is
repaired to bone with suture
anchors
79. Massive Contracted Immobile TearsMassive Contracted Immobile Tears
⢠No mobility from medial to lateral or fromNo mobility from medial to lateral or from
anterior to posterioranterior to posterior
⢠Subcategories:Subcategories:
â Massive Contracted Longitudinal TearsMassive Contracted Longitudinal Tears
â Massive Contracted Crescent TearsMassive Contracted Crescent Tears
⢠Represent 9.6% of massive tearsRepresent 9.6% of massive tears
[[S.Burkhart]S.Burkhart]
80. Massive Contractite TearsMassive Contractite Tears
⢠Anterior Interval SlideAnterior Interval Slide
and/orand/or
⢠Posterior Interval SlidePosterior Interval Slide
Single and double interval slideSingle and double interval slide
82. Single and double interval slideSingle and double interval slide
⢠Anterior slide through release in theAnterior slide through release in the
rotator interval (supraspinatusârotator interval (supraspinatusâ
coracobrachialis)coracobrachialis)
⢠Posterior slide through release of thePosterior slide through release of the
interval supraspinatus-infraspinatusinterval supraspinatus-infraspinatus
89. Massive TearsMassive Tears
associated withassociated with
Subscapularis TearsSubscapularis Tears
⢠Subscapularis must be mobilized andSubscapularis must be mobilized and
repaired prior to the rest of the cuffrepaired prior to the rest of the cuff
⢠Interval slide in continuityInterval slide in continuity
94. Massive TearsMassive Tears
May beMay be
⢠Eassily repairableEassily repairable
⢠Retracted very difficult to repair (anterior &Retracted very difficult to repair (anterior &
posterior Slides)posterior Slides)
⢠Medially RepairedMedially Repaired
⢠Impossible to repairImpossible to repair
⢠Incomplete RepairIncomplete Repair
⢠Graft JacketsGraft Jackets
⢠Tendon trasfersTendon trasfers
⢠Reverse, extended head arthroplastyReverse, extended head arthroplasty
95. Arthroscopic cuff repairArthroscopic cuff repair
Wolf, Snyder, Gartsman, Esch,
Burkhart, Tauro and others reported
84%-94% excellent and good results
96. Results for massive tearsResults for massive tears
⢠95% Good to Excellent Results95% Good to Excellent Results
independent to tear sizeindependent to tear size [Burkhart, 2001][Burkhart, 2001]
⢠With interval slideWith interval slide
⢠Improve UCLA score (10->28.3)Improve UCLA score (10->28.3)
⢠Improve Active ROM, StrengthImprove Active ROM, Strength
[Burkhart, 2004][Burkhart, 2004]
⢠Graft Jacket RepairGraft Jacket Repair
⢠Improve UCLA score (18->32Improve UCLA score (18->32))
[Snyder, 2008][Snyder, 2008]
97. ConclusionsConclusions
⢠Acute Crescent TearAcute Crescent Tear
Standard Techniques for tendon to bone fisxationStandard Techniques for tendon to bone fisxation
⢠U- or L- shaped TearsU- or L- shaped Tears
⢠Side to side margin convergenceSide to side margin convergence
⢠Partial mobile tearsPartial mobile tears
⢠Anterior / Posterior SlideAnterior / Posterior Slide
⢠Medialized RepairMedialized Repair
⢠Irreparable TearsIrreparable Tears
⢠Partial RepairPartial Repair
⢠GraftsGrafts
⢠Tendon trasfersTendon trasfers
98. What to do???What to do???
⢠Patients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degenerationPatients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degeneration
DO NOTDO NOT improve with rot cuff repairimprove with rot cuff repair
[Goutallier][Goutallier]
Vs.Vs.
⢠Patients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degenerationPatients with grade 3 or 4 fatty degeneration
improved significant at 86% of cases afterimproved significant at 86% of cases after
arthroscopic repairarthroscopic repair
[Burkhart][Burkhart]
99. In our experienceIn our experience
Patients withPatients with massivemassive rot cuff tearsrot cuff tears
benefitbenefit from surgeryfrom surgery
but they tend to recover slowlybut they tend to recover slowly
they succeed very good pain reliefthey succeed very good pain relief
but strength deficits remainbut strength deficits remain
100. In our experienceIn our experience
⢠Patients with upward migration of thePatients with upward migration of the
femoral head in contact with the acromionfemoral head in contact with the acromion
do not benefit from arthroscopydo not benefit from arthroscopy
⢠Patients with painless external rotation lagPatients with painless external rotation lag
and inability to keep the arm in externaland inability to keep the arm in external
rotation do not benefit from arthoscopyrotation do not benefit from arthoscopy
⢠With raised experience more previousWith raised experience more previous
irreparable cuff tears can be repairedirreparable cuff tears can be repaired
101.
102. Surgical Technique
1. GH Joint and Subacromial Joint Inspection
2. Bursal debridement
3. Acromioplasty
4. Cuff mobilization
5. Repair (side to side, tendon to bone)