1. Pancreas
By ;
Shoaib khattak

2. Key points
• Introduction
• Location
• Size & shape of pancreas
• External features
• Relations
• Ducts of pancreas
• Accessory pancreatic duct of sntorini
• Arterial supply
• Venous drainage
• Lymphatic drainage
• Fuctions

3. Introduction
• Pancreas is gland that is partially endocrine and partially exocrine
.
• The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice .
• The endocrine part secretes harmones e.g insulin .
• It is a soft ,lobulated and elongated structure .
• Location
• Pancreas lies more or less eranoversly across the posterior
abdominal wall at the level of 1st and 2nd lumber vertebrae .

4. Size and shape
• It is a J shaped or retart shape organ set obliquely .
• It is about
• 15.20cm long
• 2.5-3,8 cm wide
• 1.2-1.8 cm thick
• Its weight is about 90g

5. Structure
• The pancreas is divided into head , neck , body and tail.
• The head is enlarged and lies within the concavity f duodenum .
• The tail reaches the hilum of spleen .
• Head
• Head is the enlarged flattened right end of pancreas situated within
the c shaped curve of the duodenum.
• Head has three borders superior ,inferior and right lateral .
• Two surfaces anterior & posterior
• One process called ulcinate process

6. Relations
• Superior border is overlaped by 1st part of the deudenum & is related
to superior pancreatic duodenal artery .
• Inferior border is related to the 3rd part of duodenum and inferior
pancreatic duodenal artery .
• Right lateral border is related to 2nd part of duodenum,terminal part
of bile duct and anasmosis between the two pancreatic duodenal
arteries .

7. Body of pancreas
• It is a triangular on cross section and has three borders anterior ,
superior and inferior .
• A part of the body projects upwards and rest of the superior border of
this projection is known as tuber omentale .
• anterior border provides attachment to rest of transverse
mesocolon.
• Superior border – tuber omantale .
• Tail
• This is the left end of the pancreas
• It lies in the lenorenl ligaments together with splenic vessels .
• It comes in contact with the lower part of gastric surface of the
spleen.

9. Ducts of pancreas
• The exocrine pancreas is drained by two ducts i.e main and accessory
duct .
• 1) the main pancreatic duct is 3mm in diameter and is located near the
posterior surface of pancreas and is recognized by its white colour .
• 2) it receives many small lobularies which joins together at its acute
angle showing V shaped pattern called herring bone pattern .
• Within the head of pancreas the pancreatic duct is related to bile duct
.
• Two ducts enter the second part of duedenum and joins to form
hepatopancreaticampula of vater .

11. Arterial supply
• Pancreas is supplied mainly
• Pancreatic branches of splenic artery
• Superior pancreoduedenal artery .
• Inferior pancreolicodeudenal artery .
• Venous drainage
• The venous drainage of the duodeno-pancreas is effected via two
territories: a posterosuperior and an anteroinferior, the former
draining toward the portal v. and the second into the superior
mesenteric v.

12. Lymphatic drainage
• The pancreatic body and tail drain into mesocolic lymph nodes
(around the middle colic artery) and lymph nodes along the hepatic
and splenic arteries.
• Nerve supply
• The pancreas receives parasympathetic nerve fibers from the
posterior vagal trunk via its celiac branch. Sympathetic supply
comes from T6-T10 via the thoracic splanchnic nerves and the celiac
plexus.

13. Functions
• The pancreas has two essential and very important functions in the
body:
• endocrine (production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
and glandular secretion) .
• exocrine (the function of the digestive gland).