The documents summarize how companies like Cambridge Analytica manipulated voters by collecting and analyzing personal data without consent. They microtargeted users based on characteristics and aimed advertisements to sway voting decisions. While this benefited political campaigns, it undermined privacy and democratic values by spreading misinformation. The sources explain real examples from the 2012 and 2016 US elections and evaluate the harms of data-driven political advertising that prioritizes profits over voters' best interests. They recommend protecting online privacy using tools like VPNs and passwords to avoid further manipulation.

1. Chen1
Annotated Bibliography
“Malice Domestic: The Cambridge Analytica Dystopia.”
Computer, no. 5, 2018, p. 84.
EBSCOhost, doi:10.1109/MC.2018.2381135.
The author of this article is Hal Berghel, a Fellow in IEEE and
ACM, also a computer science
professor from the University of Nevada. The purpose of this
article is to try to tell people
companies like cambridge analytica had manipulate the
Electorates by used the data
analytics, to control the election. In the content, they uses
various methods to manipulate the
electorates, and tells about how they use data analysis to catch
users’ psychology and
manipulate it. The audience for this article could be the people
who had been psychologically
manipulated, the author used this article to warn them about
this. The observation by the
author is the authors conclude that free online services have

2. been used as weapons for dealing
with us. Also, the author has concluded about the future, the
Cambridge Analytica would
become less controversy due to the support from the right-wing
political; or even the
Cambridge Analytica go out of business, more and more
companies will get into this field of
business. With the development of network technology, more
and more people are affected
by the information network on the Internet, and it is easier to
expose our privacy. Therefore, I
can use this resource in future articles, because it is normal for
people like Cambridge to
manipulate us through data analysis. Therefore, I think this
article is designed to help people
awake to avoid being affected by malware attackers.
Heawood, Jonathan. “Pseudo-Public Political Speech:
Democratic Implications of the
Cambridge Analytica Scandal.” Information Polity: The
International Journal of
Government & Democracy in the Information Age, vol. 23, no.
4, Oct. 2018, pp.
429–434. EBSCOhost, doi:10.3233/IP-180009.

3. Chen2
The author is Jonathan Heawood: Chief Executive Officer,
impress, and the director of the
English Centre of International PEN. The purpose of this article
is to tell people about the
companies uses users’ personal data to get political benefits by
microtargeting. The contents
of this article expressed how Cambridge analytica uses users’
personal data to gain political
benefits. And talks about the harmful of the microtargeting,
because the microtargeting might
have false information. The audience is possible audience of
this article would be the people
who use Facebook or other social media. The evaluate of the
author concluded that
microtargeting is harmful to people because it’s using our
personal data without our
permission, it contains false information and blurred the
difference between advertising and
other kinds of content. Also, we can’t correct the claim made by
other individuals on social
media, so there could be lots of misleading information. I could
use this source to express

4. why micro targets are harmful to us. Because people use false
information to seduce us to
achieve some of their unknown purpose.
FULGONI, GIAN M., et al. “The Power of Political
Advertising: Lessons for Practitioners.”
Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 56, no. 3, Sept. 2016, pp.
239–244. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.2501/JAR-2016-034.
Gian Mark Fulgoni is a British businessman, entrepreneur and
market research consultant.
Andrew Lipsman is a former Vice President, Marketing &
Insights at comScore, where he
covered multiple industries and oversaw the company’s
marketing communications, insights
and thought leadership initiatives. Carol Davidsen is currently
co-founder at cir.cl, INC, the
Director of Integration & Media Targeting at Obama for
America leasing development efforts
of Narwhal and "The Optimizer". The purpose of the article is
to explain how they use the
"The Optimizer" and Narwhal as tools to collect user data and
social media responses as data
for analysis and to maximize the benefits for candidates for US

5. presidential campaigns,
Chen3
including the 2012 and 2016 campaigns. The content of the
article is about Carol Davidsen,
Andrew Lipsman and Gian Fulgoni used real-life examples like
the 2012 US presidential
election, how they used "The Optimizer" and Narwhal as tools
to collect data from candidate
Obama and candidate Romney to provide commercial
advertising advice. The audience is
mainly readers of this article may be people who use social
media and interested in politics.
The authors conclude that they can streamline the media data
and media of political campaign
advertising to achieve their campaign goals, because in 2010,
the Supreme Court of Citizens
decided to allow large amounts of foreign capital to enter the
election, so they needed them to
use these statistics to analyze how to make the biggest profit for
advertising revenue. My
reflection is since 2012, presidential candidates have been using
data analysis as a weapon for

6. presidential campaigns. Who can better conduct data analysis or
market analysis, who may
use advertisements or media to influence voters, but it may lose
the original intention of the
election for my point of view, the election support to create the
best interests for the people of
the country, not to act according to market demand.
Larson, Eric C., and Carl Vieregger. “Teaching Case Strategic
Actions in a Platform Context:
What Should Facebook Do Next?” Journal of Information
Systems Education, vol.
30, no. 2, Spring 2019, pp. 97–105. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=136
851147&site=eds-liv
e&scope=site.
The author's name is Eric c. Larson, Ph.D. from the University
of Washington, Associate
Professor in Computer Science in the Bobby B. Lyle School of
Engineering, Southern
Methodist University. He also is a member of the Darwin
Deason Institute for
Cyber-security, and member of the ATT center for
virtualization. Carl Vieregger is an

7. Assistant Professor of Management and researcher at Drake
University. Carl’s PhD is in
Chen4
Business and Corporate Strategy from Washington University in
St. Louis. Before he got his
PhD, he also earned an MBA from Columbia Business School
and a B.A. from Northwestern
University. The author’s purpose of this article is to introduce
the impact of network effects
by using facebook and Cambridge Analytica to help students or
other people interested in the
case include information systems strategies, digital and social
media strategies, and
management information systems. This article is for study only
and will not involve politics.
In conclusion, the author describes the influence of Facebook
and social media, then
describes how Cambridge analysts use them to influence in the
European Brexit and Hillary
Clinton and Donald's permission for the 2016 US presidential
election.And then explains the
role of Facebook and Cambridge and the consequences and
strategies of Facebook after a

8. user violation. The audience in the article would be the people
who use Facebook or other
social media. This article can help me explains in Cambridge
Analytica Cause. It tells us that
even if you do manipulate Internet users, the people who are
ultimately hurt will still come
together to resist violations of their privacy and manipulation.
Bocetta, Sam. “Have Consumers Already Lost the Online
Privacy War?: Sam Bocetta.” FEE
Freeman Article, Foundation for Economic Education, 20 May
2019,
https://fee.org/articles/have-consumers-already-lost-the-online-
privacy-war/.
The article author is Sam Bocetta is a former security analyst
for the DoD. the purpose of the
article is to tell us as consumers rely more on the internet, more
personal privacy is being
threatened. the author trying to convince people should use
VPN, Brave browser and long
password to protect their privacy. The content of this article
shows that companies like
Google and Facebook have sold user information to
governments or other companies.

9. Therefore, the author uses this article to warn people that our
privacy is at risk and everyone
should be aware of this issue. Also, ask us how to avoid
revealing our information and how to
Chen5
protect our privacy. Possible readers of this article may be
people who have been
psychologically manipulated, or who use Facebook or Google.
My observation is that it is sad
that most users don't know how to protect and determine the
type of data they want to share
or retain, and it's important to know how to protect privacy.
Madrigal, Alexis C. “What Took Facebook So Long?” The
Atlantic, Atlantic Media
Company, 18 Mar. 2018,
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/03/facebo
ok-cambridge-analyti
ca/555866/.
Alexis Madrigal graduated from Harvard University with a
Bachelor of Arts degree. (With
excellent results), he is also an associate editor of The Atlantic.

10. The purpose of this article is
to tell people how Facebook uses 30 million US Facebook user
data profiles for targeted
political or profit-making advertising. The content of this
article expresses how Facebook
uses its personal data to gain political advantage through
"Global Science Research". People
already worry about Facebook have manipulates all kinds of
information (even thoughts) and
they don't agree to give it to anyone. The audience is possible
audience of this article would
be the people who use Facebook or other social media. The
author's assessment concludes
that Facebook has developed a method for classifying people
based on personal data, which
may exploit advertising revenue or political goals. This article
can help me illustration of the
timeline, detailing how Facebook uses data to build a model of
Cambridge Analytica to
manipulate Internet users.

11. Chen6
The purpose of my article is to try to tell people that data
companies like Cambridge Analytics
have used electoral analysis to manipulate voters to control
elections for political gain. This
violates people’s personal privacy and violates people’s rights.
microtargeting
microtargeting is harmful to people because it’s using our
personal data without our permission,
it contains false information and blurred the difference between
advertising and other kinds of
content.
real-life examples
Like the 2012 US presidential election, how they used "The
Optimizer" and Narwhal as tools to

12. collect data from candidate Obama and candidate Romney to
provide commercial advertising
advice.
Why should we stop it
since 2012, presidential candidates have been using data
analysis as a weapon for presidential
campaigns. Who can better conduct data analysis or market
analysis, who may use
advertisements or media to influence voters, but it may lose the
original intention of the election
for my point of view, the election support to create the best
interests for the people of the
country, not to act according to market demand.
How should we protect our internet privacy
People should use VPN, Brave browser and long password to
protect their privacy.
My observation is that it is sad that most users don't know how
to protect and determine the
type of data they want to share or retain, and it's important to
know how to protect privacy.