The document reviews internally heat-integrated distillation columns (HIDiCs). HIDiCs improve the energy efficiency of distillation by making the rectifying section a heat source and the stripping section a heat sink. Vapor from the stripping section is compressed to provide heat to the rectifying section, and liquid from the rectifying section is throttled to the stripping section, closing the heat pump cycle. HIDiCs can be designed as inter-coupled columns, columns with partition walls, or concentric columns. Concentric designs with or without heat panels are discussed. Thermodynamic analysis shows HIDiCs can achieve zero external reflux and boil-up. While experimental and theoretical studies prove their higher efficiency,

1. A REVIEW ON INTERNALLY HEAT-
INTIGRATED DISTILLATION
COLUMN (HIDiC)
Presented by:
MOHD SHAHBAZ
ROLL NO 14042019
IIT BHU
1

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. General principles of HIDiC
3. Thermodynamic analysis
4. Design and construction options
5. Conclusions
6. References
2

3. Introduction
• The energy requirement of most refining and chemical processes is
consumed by distillation columns .Despite its wide use, distillation is
known for its low thermodynamic efficiency, with the overall
thermodynamic efficiency of a conventional distillation process in the
range 5–20%. (J.L. Humphry et all, US dept. of Energy, Washington DC (1991))
• This fact has prompted several studies that have resulted in new design
configurations, such as direct vapor recompression (VRC), diabatic
distillation and the internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC).
• HIDiC maximizes the energy efficiency of heat pump design by making use
of internal heat intigration. (O.S.L. Bruinsma et all, chem. Eng. Res. Des 90 (2012) 458-
470)
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4. Continue …..
• Instead of using a single point heat source (reboiler) and sink (condenser),
the whole rectifying section of a distillation column becomes the heat
source, while the stripping part of the distillation column acts as a heat
sink . (K.Matsuda et all , J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. (2012))
• The work input is provided by a compressor that receives vapor leaving
the stripping section, while the heat pump cycle is closed by a throttling
valve placed in the line transporting the liquid leaving the bottom of the
rectification section to the top of the stripping section.
4

5. 5
Vapor recompression system HIDiC configuration
142 A.A. Kiss, Z. Olujic / Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2014) 125–144

6. General Principles of HIDiC
• HIDiCs combine the benefits of VRC and diabatic operations to drive down
energy requirements.
• The HIDiC acts by raising the rectifying section temperature and placing
this section in direct contact with the stripping section.
• To incorporate the VRC concept, the overhead vapor from the stripping
section is compressed and fed to the bottom of the rectifying section. The
liquid from the rectifying section is pressure equalized by a throttling valve
and fed back to the stripping section.
• The number of stages thermally coupled in HIDiC can change according to
optimal feeding of the conventional distillation column.
• The ideal HIDiC design is realized when no reboiler and condenser duty
are needed. 6

7. 7142 A.A. Kiss, Z. Olujic / Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2014) 125–144
Adiabatic (conventional) and diadiabatic distillation column and Mc Cabe Thiele diagram

8. Thermodynamic Analysis
8
For a separation process the minimum amount of work required to make a
complete separation is given by the following equation
Wmin (J/s or W) is the minimum work, F (kmol/s) is the feed flowrate, DH (kJ/mol)
is the change in enthalpy, T (K) is the temperature and DS (kJ/mol K) is the change
in entropy, R (kJ/mol K) is the universal gas constant and xi is the mole fraction of
component

9. 9
The maximum thermodynamic efficiency (Emax) is defined as the minimum work for
separation (Wmin) divided by the minimum energy required for a separation process
(Qmin).
For HIDiC max thermodynamic efficiency
G.E. Keller, J.L. Humphrey, Separation Process Technology, McGrawHill, New York, 1997.
Rijke A. de, Development of a concentric internally Heat Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC) (Ph.D. thesis),
Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2007.

10. Design and construction options
1. Inter-coupled distillation columns
2. Distillation column with partition wall
3. Concentric distillation column
 Concentric column without heat panels
 Concentric column with heat panels
4. Shell and tube heat-exchanger column
5. Plate–fin heat-exchanger column
10

11. Inter coupled distillation column
11
G.G. Haselden, Distillation processes and apparatus, US Patent No. 4025,398, 1977
• Different heat
requirement for each
stage
• Significant heat loss
• additional equipment
cost
• Performance heavily
based on heat transfer
means

12. Partition wall distillation column
12
J.D. Seader, Continuous distillation apparatus and method, US Patent No. 4234,391 A1, 1980.
• Column with two semi-
cylindrical section
• Heat transfer realized by
heat-pipes mounted
through wall
• Allow heat transfer
throw the wall by liq. On
both side of down comer
• Reduce heat losses
• Heat transfer coefficient
Increases
• A special heat-pipe fluid
is needed

13. Concentric distillation column
13
R. Govind, Distillation column and processes, US Patent No. 4615,770, 1986.
• Heat can not leak from
rectifying section to
environment
• Relatively low heat
transfer area

14. Proposed configurations for a HIDiC (left). Placement of the heat transfer panels in
the rectifying or stripping section for a concentric column (right).
14

15. Overall energy requirement of HIDiCs compared with conventional distillation
column for various pressure differences between sections.
15Gustavo Hanrique Santos F. Ponce et all, Chem. Eng. Research & Design(2015)
Comparison

16. Merits & Demerits
• Higher energy efficiency
• Zero external reflux and boil-up
• Enhance potential of internal heat intigration
technique
• Reduction in 𝐶𝑂2 emission
• Complicated to design
• Cost intensive
16

17. . Conclusions
• Both thermodynamics and bench-scale experimental
evaluations proved that HIDiC holds much higher energy
efficiency than conventional distillation columns for close-
boiling binary mixture separations.
• HIDiC has not yet been attempted in practice at the scale of an
industrial application.
• Employing HIDiC without heat panels was found to be
impractical as increasing the pressure increased the amount of
energy required.
• Problems incorporate with design such as flexibility of
operating condition change, effect of impurity may change
energy efficiency therefore trade-off between process design
economics and operating condition is important.
17

18. References
1. Anton A. Kiss, Zarko Olujic, A review on process intensification in internally heat-
integrated distillation columns, Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2004) 125-
144
2. Gustavo Henrique Santos F. Ponce, Moises Alves, Julio C.C. Miranda, Rubens
Maciel Filho, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel , Using an internally heat-integrated
distillation column for ethanol–water separation for fuel applications , chemical
engineering research and design 95(2015) 55–63.
3. R. Govind, Distillation column and processes, US Patent No. 4615,770, 1986.
4. G.G. Haselden, Distillation processes and apparatus, US Patent No. 4025,398, 1977
5. J.D. Seader, Continuous distillation apparatus and method, US Patent No. 4234,391 A1,
1980.
6. H.H. Tung, J.F. Davis, R.S.H. Mah, Fractionating condensation and evaporation in plate–
fin device, AlChE J. 32 (7) (1986) 1116–1124
7. G.E. Keller, J.L. Humphrey, Separation Process Technology, McGrawHill, New York,
1997.
8. Rijke A. de, Development of a concentric internally Heat Integrated Distillation Column
(HIDiC) (Ph.D. thesis), Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2007
9. H.R. Null, Heat pumps in distillation, Chem. Eng. Prog. 78 (1976) 58–64
10. P. Le Goff, T. Cachot, R. Rivero, Exergy analysis of distillation processes, Chem. Eng.
Technol. 19 (1996) 18

19. 19
Thank you