Augmented Reality: Revolutionary or Disruptor of Training and Assessment

1. Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to revolutionize training and assessment. This technology innovation superimposes computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data onto a live or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment. The increasing need to scale education-based interactive learning to larger audiences thus mitigating the larger development costs, is where AR has a few potential revolutionary and disruption attributes that must be considered. Learning Objectives Assessment needs to be done rigorously and methodologically, and AR technologies can provide multiple avenues to achieve this goal. Recall of knowledge is no longer a viable method to provide accurate validation of mastery. In order to assess competency, we need to understand what does the learner need to know and be able to do and then demonstrate their ability to perform these tasks. We will offer multiple solutions to this disruptor. Privacy and security of the data con be compromised using AR technologies. A few of the risks to be discussed are identity theft, invasion of privacy, and unequal access, thus increasing the inequality divide. We will lead a discussion of the avenues to reduce these risks. On the positive side we offer a number of effective solutions that lead to the demonstration of mastery. Using AR technology to disseminate education is a way to teach thousands of users across the globe while eliminating barriers to access, reducing costs, and ensuring consistency in quality and delivery. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

2. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. What are the applications that Kubrick envisioned 51 years ago that are now becoming mainstream?

3. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 AI involves machines that can perform tasks that are characteristic of human intelligence. https://medium.com/iotforall/the-difference-between-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and-deep-learning-3aa67bff5991 Advanced natural language generation and recognition Facial Recognition - facial emotions and reactions in real time - affect recognition Machine Learning Authoring Documents from Data- turns data into plain-English language Virtual reality social cognition training Sentience-capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively. Cars that drive by themselves John McCarthy, 1956.

4. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 But while the science is still maturing, the consequences of our free will (is) being manipulated —Yuval Noah Harari called this “Hacking Humans” —pose a great risk within our society. An organization may endeavor “to create an algorithm that understands me better than I understand myself, and can therefore manipulate me, enhance me, or replace me.” Yuval Noah Harari and Fei-Fei Li on Artificial Intelligence: Four Questions that Impact All of Us https://towardsdatascience.com/yuval-noah-harari-and-fei-fei-li-on-ai-90d9a8686cc5

5. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 •How much practice do people need? A lot. Here are some of the reasons people need a lot of practice: •People must connect what we are teaching with what they know. It isn’t a simple matter. •Human memory is slow and gets overloaded quickly. Overloading means little or no learning can happen. •When bombarded with a lot of information, people forget most of it. •The training methods that help people learn, remember, and maintain knowledge and skills are not used. We must use them! Research tells us the right type of practice: 1.Has specific goals. 2.Matches the challenge level to current skill level and prior knowledge. 3.Offers adequate practice to meet the goals. 4.Supplies the right kinds of feedback.

6. Micro-learninghas emerged as a methodology to provide just-in-time training and assessment for a specific job function. These short simulations where users must demonstrate their mastery of a completed task is rapidly becoming a required feature in corporate training. Characteristics of Microlearning Regardless of whether it is used informally or as part of a structured learning experience, microlearning has a few consistent features. • Brevity: Microlearning events are short, though there is no defined duration. • Granularity: Due to their brevity and purpose, microlearning focuses on a narrow topic, concept or idea. • Variety: Microlearning content can be in the form of a presentation, activity, game, discussion, video, quiz, book chapter, or any other format from which someone learns. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

7. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 What about a cognitive warmup!

8. Integration of computers, head-mounted displays, body-tracking sensors, specialized interface devices and 3D graphics is changing how students learn and perform. By creating Sentience we now have the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 By the end of 2019 over 2.2 Billion people will have devices that will be AR enabled to engage learning in 3D depth. https://arvrjourney.com/changing-the-way-we-teach-learn-using-vr-ar-for-education-48fd2a76afbf

9. Multi-Sensory Learning Multisensory learning is when a student has multiple senses stimulated at the same time. When learning, the body can use each sensory system in order to receive information: •Vision (sight) •Auditory (hearing) •Gustatory (taste) •Olfaction (smell) •Vestibular (balance/movement) •Somatic sensation (touch) Most students have a learning type- a way of receiving information that is optimal to their given personality and cognition. http://www.yourtrainingedge.com/3-reasons-why-you-should-be-using-multisensory-teaching-techniques/ Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

10. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

16. Research shows that when we repeat information well, with timed intervals between, and we ask people questions (to force our brains to “retrieve” information), we actually create new learning pathways, just the same way we learn certain “on the job skills” through practice, repetition, and continuous questioning about why something didn’t work. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749596X06001367 Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

19. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019 https://www.level-ex.com/

21. https://www.google.com/glass/start/ https://medium.com/@theteamorcad/augmented-reality-eyewear-beyond-google-glass-7dca9c779b5 Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

22. Prototype of Augmented Reality 3D APP of Anesthesia Machine Expected Delivery June 2019 A partnership between Dennis Glenn LLC and 321 Next Reality According to Gartner Distinguished VP Analyst Matt Cain, the use of VR and AR are one of six top technology workplace trends that will drive the digital workplace. - VRARA Industry Sector Report - Enterprise Q2 2019 v3- https://www.thevrara.com/blog2/2019/5/16/the-vrar-association-publishes-the- enterprise-industry-sector-report-with-over-100-companies-vraraenterprise- virtualreality-augmentedreality In augmented reality, the user is immersed by an interactive application, but the application is related to the real world. It augments, it enhances the world around us. AR applications have to be interactive, which means they have to respond to user actions in as natural a way as possible. Immediate feedback upon user actions is critical for successful AR experience. Every virtual reality experience has to have three components: • A virtual world • An interaction • Immersion https://321fastdrawinc.screenlight.tv/shares/vXKD8CGf1BQPjEHV6NrWZe2B99iwh2Kc Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

23. Interprofessional Virtual Training Simulations for Surgeons and Nurse Anesthetists Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

24. Three virtual patient scenarios for mastery of CDC’s Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for CME credits. Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

26. Dennis Glenn, MFA is President of Dennis Glenn LLC and adjunct professor at DePaul University’s School of Continuing and Professional Studies. His instructional design and eLearning experience was honed when he joined Northwestern University as assistant dean for distributed education at the School of Communication where he was the Director of the Distributed Learning Center. Dennis has designed interactive virtual patients for the medical industry that assess the cognitive decision-making abilities of surgeons, doctors, and nurses. He has created learning and assessment simulations for Pearson Learning, Baxter, Abbott Labs, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists and twenty-five medical schools. He has taught at Northwestern University, Columbia College Chicago, Lake Forest Graduate School of Management, and DePaul’s Graduate School of New Learning, where he teaches in two domains: Engaging Social Media, and Mastery Learning Using Serious Games. Email: dennis@dennisglenn.com Web: https://dennisglennllc.com/ Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

27. Nielson, Bryant; 3 Reasons Why You Should Be Using Multisensory Teaching Techniques, 2017, https://owww.yurtrainingedge.com/3-reasons-why-you-should-be-using-multisensory-teaching-techniques/ References Smithson, Julie, Changing the Way we Teach & Learn using VR & AR for Education, 2019 https://arvrjourney.com/changing-the-way-we-teach-learn-using-vr-ar-for-education- 48fd2a76afbf Institute of Finance & Management; Team Certification Matters: HOW FINANCIAL OPERATIONS TEAMS AND THEIR ORGANIZATIONS BENEFIT FROM PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION, 2019 https://whitepapers.lakewoodmediagroup.net/sites/default/files/team_cert_matters.pdf Märk, Tilmann; Microlearning: an emerging field in science, 2017 https://www.uibk.ac.at/iup/buch_pdfs/microlearning2006-druck.pdf Karpicke, Jeffrey D., RoedigerIII, Henry L., Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention, Journal of Memory and Language Volume 57, Issue 2, August 2007, Pages 151-162 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749596X06001367#! https://www.google.com/glass/start/ Virtual Patient Training Simulations for Surgical CME’s and Resident Education https://dennisglennllc.com/ The VR/AR Association Publishes the Enterprise Industry Sector Report with over 100 Companies https://medium.com/@theteamorcad/augmented-reality-eyewear-beyond-google-glass-7dca9c779b5 Copyright Dennis Glenn 2019

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