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Power point 17. The Classic Era: Early Classic Instrumental Music

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Scott Marosek
Scott Marosek

Power point 17. The Classic Era: Early Classic Instrumental Music

Education
1 of 8
Early Classic Keyboard Music Keyboard music ca. 1750
Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) • Italian, son of Alessandro • harpsichordist in Lisbon for Portugese princess Maria Barbara • 1729—followed Maria Barbara to Spain (she married crown prince Ferdinand) • wrote 550 1-movement harpsichord sonatas – wide range, hand- crossings, technical tricks – binary form – Sonata in D, K. 119
J. C. Bach •German, the “London” Bach; son of J.S. Bach •Style Galant –light, graceful, elegant, witty, pleasant –thin texture –simple melodies, short phrases, simple harmonies –no figured bass –bass supports melody –inner voices filler –slower harmonic rhythm. This is made more interesting by: •murky bass: broken octaves •Alberti bass: low-high-middle-high •dynamic contrast •Concerto in E-flat –combines ritornello and sonata form
C.P.E. Bach •German, son of J.S. Bach •Empfindsamer Stil –German for “sensitive style” –continual change in expression (compared w/Baroque music which had only one “affect” or expression per composition) –dynamic contrast –avoids terraced dynamics • Sonata in A, mvt. II
Early Classic Orchestra music Orchestra music ca. 1750
Giovanni Battista Sammartini •Symphony –large work for orchestra –developed from: •Italian opera overture, “sinfonia” –I: fast, rounded binary –II: slow –III: fast, dance-like, in 3 •concerto grosso •Symphony in F, mvt. I
Development of Sonata form 1. cadence rhyme material @ end A transposed to tonic @ end of B see Couperin La muse victorieuse 2. rounded binary ||:A:||:B A:|| see Sammartini symphony 3. sonata form includes thematic development, movement to keys beyond dominant tonality—statement, digression, return see Mozart Sonata in F
Johann Stamitz •conductor of Mannheim orchestra (Germany) –best orchestra in Europe •Mannheim roll, Mannheim Rocket •dynamic contrast •4 movements—fast, slow, minuet/trio, presto •2ndtheme on dominant •strings, 2 flutes or oboes, 2 horns, continuo •Sinfonia a 8 in E-flat, mvt. I

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Power point 17. The Classic Era: Early Classic Instrumental Music

  • 1. Early Classic Keyboard Music Keyboard music ca. 1750
  • 2. Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) • Italian, son of Alessandro • harpsichordist in Lisbon for Portugese princess Maria Barbara • 1729—followed Maria Barbara to Spain (she married crown prince Ferdinand) • wrote 550 1-movement harpsichord sonatas – wide range, hand- crossings, technical tricks – binary form – Sonata in D, K. 119
  • 3. J. C. Bach •German, the “London” Bach; son of J.S. Bach •Style Galant –light, graceful, elegant, witty, pleasant –thin texture –simple melodies, short phrases, simple harmonies –no figured bass –bass supports melody –inner voices filler –slower harmonic rhythm. This is made more interesting by: •murky bass: broken octaves •Alberti bass: low-high-middle-high •dynamic contrast •Concerto in E-flat –combines ritornello and sonata form
  • 4. C.P.E. Bach •German, son of J.S. Bach •Empfindsamer Stil –German for “sensitive style” –continual change in expression (compared w/Baroque music which had only one “affect” or expression per composition) –dynamic contrast –avoids terraced dynamics • Sonata in A, mvt. II
  • 5. Early Classic Orchestra music Orchestra music ca. 1750
  • 6. Giovanni Battista Sammartini •Symphony –large work for orchestra –developed from: •Italian opera overture, “sinfonia” –I: fast, rounded binary –II: slow –III: fast, dance-like, in 3 •concerto grosso •Symphony in F, mvt. I
  • 7. Development of Sonata form 1. cadence rhyme material @ end A transposed to tonic @ end of B see Couperin La muse victorieuse 2. rounded binary ||:A:||:B A:|| see Sammartini symphony 3. sonata form includes thematic development, movement to keys beyond dominant tonality—statement, digression, return see Mozart Sonata in F
  • 8. Johann Stamitz •conductor of Mannheim orchestra (Germany) –best orchestra in Europe •Mannheim roll, Mannheim Rocket •dynamic contrast •4 movements—fast, slow, minuet/trio, presto •2ndtheme on dominant •strings, 2 flutes or oboes, 2 horns, continuo •Sinfonia a 8 in E-flat, mvt. I

Editor's Notes

  1. See Stolba 354-355