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Brand in huis
Overleven of overlijden




                 Jan Linssen
Overlevingstijd bij woningbrand
• Snelle brandontwikkeling meubilair is
  bewezen oorzaak doden/gewonden
• Mensen zijn binnen enkele minuten
  handelingsonbekwaam

• Ontdekkingstijd + vluchttijd is langer dan
  menselijke weerstand tegen rook/hitte


'
ISO 13571
• t

•   s           &
•   /         
•   ,   
•   Z

• '              ^

'
Vermogen bij brand in meubels




'
Gemeten vermogen – test UL




'
Vermogen woningbrand fysisch
brandmodel
                              Rate of Heat Release
       6.0


       5.0


       4.0


       3.0                                                      RHR Data
                                                                RHR Computed
       2.0


       1.0


       0.0
             0      5       10         15        20   25   30
                                    Time [min]

    Analysis Name: t300,k250,q280


'
Vermogenscurve meubelbrand
• Brandverloop kwadratisch (t2)
• Tijdconstante tc = 150 seconden
• Referentievermogensdichtheid 500 kW/m²
                                                   Rate of Heat Release
                     12.0


                     10.0

• Resultaat:           8.0


                       6.0                                                            RHR Data
                                                                                      RHR Computed
                       4.0


                       2.0


                       0.0
                             0   2       4         6       8      10   12   14   16
                                                       Time [min]

                   Analysis Name: t150,k500,q280




'
Vergelijk vermogenscurves
           s
                   Standaard woning data [MW]
Dt




                   Standaard woning computed [MW]

                   Woning fast data [MW]

                   Woning fast computed [MW]
s




                   Gemeten curve [MW]




                           d


'
Conclusie brandvermogens
• 

• K

• D




'
Onderzoek universiteit Surrey
• Roken
    – Ondanks minder rokers (40%  30%)
      evenveel branden
    – Geen verband tussen roken en vermindering
      aantal branden vanaf 1988
• Effect RIP-sigaret
  zal beperkt zijn


'
Furniture Regulations UK
• Test van meubilair met verschillende
  ontstekingbronnen
    – Lucifers
    – Gasvlam
    – Verschillende Houtcribs
    – Gewicht 8,5 – 126 gram
    – Alleen brand bij crib 6
      en 7 toegestaan.

'
Gevolg invoering wetgeving 1988




Doden bij alle woningbranden   Doden bij brand begonnen in meubels




'
Brandmelders in woningen (UK)

Jaar   % van de       % melders   % woningen
       woningen met   effectief   met werkende
       melder(s)                  melder

1988        10             10           1
1993        68             10          6,8
1996        70             18          13
2002        80             25          20




'
Opbrengst van maatregelen UK
Opbrengst van de           Opbrengst   Opbrengst   Opbrengst
maatregelen                in 1994     in 2002     1988 - 2002
Minder woningbranden          2448       6188        44314
Totaal doden voorkomen        269         468         4287
Doden voorkomen bij            69         139         1150
brand in meubilair
Totaal gewonden               2392       4578        39257
voorkomen
Gewonden voorkomen bij        896        1789        13442
brand in meubilair
Economische besparing          275         494        3482
(miljoen Engelse ponden)      (815)      (1399)      (10082)

'
IKEA prijsvergelijk UK - NL

             3 zits bedbank         Fauteuil

                 UK           NL        UK     NL

Ektorp           858          769       182    199

Kivik            670          749       223    199

Karlstad         778          819       262    299

Gemiddelde       768          779       213    232
prijs



'
Overlijdenskans naar leeftijd




    1,2   :    1      :         3,1
'
Demografische ontwikkelingen
• Bevolking 2010               16,8 miljoen
• Bevolking 2050               18,0 miljoen
• Procentuele stijging          7,1%

• Percentage senioren 2010     14,8%
• Percentage senioren 2050     21,6%

• Aantal doden stijgt niet met 7,1% maar met
  20%, als gevolg van de vergrijzing.
'
Beleid langer thuis wonen
• Woningaanpassingen




'
Brandveilig thuiswonen 65+ers
• Maatregelen:
    – Woningsprinklers?

    – Brandveilige meubilair

    – Brandmelders

    – Vluchtmaskers

'
Ventilatiebeheerste branden
• Alle testbranden UL ventilatiebeheerst
• Gevaar voor brandweerpersoneel
• Na openen deur en start redding
    – Na 100 – 200 seconden levensgevaarlijk
    – Tenzij inzet beschermende straal


• Nader onderzoek noodzakelijk

'
t   ,
'
Brand in huis
     Overleven of overlijden

Belangrijker dan wat je weet,
is wat je met die wetenschap
             doet.
 '

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Brand in huis, overleven of overlijden

  • 1. Brand in huis Overleven of overlijden Jan Linssen
  • 2. Overlevingstijd bij woningbrand • Snelle brandontwikkeling meubilair is bewezen oorzaak doden/gewonden • Mensen zijn binnen enkele minuten handelingsonbekwaam • Ontdekkingstijd + vluchttijd is langer dan menselijke weerstand tegen rook/hitte '
  • 3. ISO 13571 • t • s & • / • , • Z • ' ^ '
  • 4. Vermogen bij brand in meubels '
  • 6. Vermogen woningbrand fysisch brandmodel Rate of Heat Release 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 RHR Data RHR Computed 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time [min] Analysis Name: t300,k250,q280 '
  • 7. Vermogenscurve meubelbrand • Brandverloop kwadratisch (t2) • Tijdconstante tc = 150 seconden • Referentievermogensdichtheid 500 kW/m² Rate of Heat Release 12.0 10.0 • Resultaat: 8.0 6.0 RHR Data RHR Computed 4.0 2.0 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time [min] Analysis Name: t150,k500,q280 '
  • 8. Vergelijk vermogenscurves s Standaard woning data [MW] Dt Standaard woning computed [MW] Woning fast data [MW] Woning fast computed [MW] s Gemeten curve [MW] d '
  • 10. Onderzoek universiteit Surrey • Roken – Ondanks minder rokers (40% 30%) evenveel branden – Geen verband tussen roken en vermindering aantal branden vanaf 1988 • Effect RIP-sigaret zal beperkt zijn '
  • 11. Furniture Regulations UK • Test van meubilair met verschillende ontstekingbronnen – Lucifers – Gasvlam – Verschillende Houtcribs – Gewicht 8,5 – 126 gram – Alleen brand bij crib 6 en 7 toegestaan. '
  • 12. Gevolg invoering wetgeving 1988 Doden bij alle woningbranden Doden bij brand begonnen in meubels '
  • 13. Brandmelders in woningen (UK) Jaar % van de % melders % woningen woningen met effectief met werkende melder(s) melder 1988 10 10 1 1993 68 10 6,8 1996 70 18 13 2002 80 25 20 '
  • 14. Opbrengst van maatregelen UK Opbrengst van de Opbrengst Opbrengst Opbrengst maatregelen in 1994 in 2002 1988 - 2002 Minder woningbranden 2448 6188 44314 Totaal doden voorkomen 269 468 4287 Doden voorkomen bij 69 139 1150 brand in meubilair Totaal gewonden 2392 4578 39257 voorkomen Gewonden voorkomen bij 896 1789 13442 brand in meubilair Economische besparing 275 494 3482 (miljoen Engelse ponden) (815) (1399) (10082) '
  • 15. IKEA prijsvergelijk UK - NL 3 zits bedbank Fauteuil UK NL UK NL Ektorp 858 769 182 199 Kivik 670 749 223 199 Karlstad 778 819 262 299 Gemiddelde 768 779 213 232 prijs '
  • 16. Overlijdenskans naar leeftijd 1,2 : 1 : 3,1 '
  • 17. Demografische ontwikkelingen • Bevolking 2010 16,8 miljoen • Bevolking 2050 18,0 miljoen • Procentuele stijging 7,1% • Percentage senioren 2010 14,8% • Percentage senioren 2050 21,6% • Aantal doden stijgt niet met 7,1% maar met 20%, als gevolg van de vergrijzing. '
  • 18. Beleid langer thuis wonen • Woningaanpassingen '
  • 19. Brandveilig thuiswonen 65+ers • Maatregelen: – Woningsprinklers? – Brandveilige meubilair – Brandmelders – Vluchtmaskers '
  • 20. Ventilatiebeheerste branden • Alle testbranden UL ventilatiebeheerst • Gevaar voor brandweerpersoneel • Na openen deur en start redding – Na 100 – 200 seconden levensgevaarlijk – Tenzij inzet beschermende straal • Nader onderzoek noodzakelijk '
  • 21. t , '
  • 22. Brand in huis Overleven of overlijden Belangrijker dan wat je weet, is wat je met die wetenschap doet. '