2. HARBOUR INTRODUCTION
• Harbour:
• A harbour may be natural or partly dug out, or even made with floating
materials. It doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow entrance.
• Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships
• Dock :A dock is dug out and usually has gates so that the water level is
kept up even though the tide has gone out.
• A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or passenger exchange, or sometimes
repair.
• A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or
more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or
from land.

3. VISHAKAPATNAM PORT

4. •FEATURES OF A HARBOR:
1. Entrance Channels
2. Berthing Basin
3. Break Water
4. Turning Basin
5. Pier Head
6. Wharves
7. Jetties

5. PARTS OF HARBOUR

6. ENTRANCE CHANNEL:
• Depth and width are kept more at entrance
• Width depends upon density of traffic and no: of entrances

7. BERTHING AND TURNING BASINS:
• Berthing basins are used for the parking of ships
• While turning for the turning of ships

8. • The structure constructed to protect harbor from storm waves
• They are generally stone masonry

10. •Based on formation:
1. NATURAL HARBOUR
2. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR
3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR

11. • A harbor, is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter
from stormy weather.

12. POOLE-EUROPE’S BIGGEST
NATURAL HARBOUR

13. •SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR:
Same as natural but harbour needs some artificial and
man made construction

14. •ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR:
Harbour having no natural protection but artificial arrangement
are made to protect the harbour from storm and wind.

16. • REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD HARBOR:
• The depth of a harbor should be sufficient for every type of
visiting ships.
• The bottom of harbor should provide secured anchorage to hold
the ships against high winds.
• To prevent destructive wave action, break water are provided.
• The entrance of a harbor should be wide enough to provide the
easy passage of ships.

18. •DEFECTS IN HARBOR:
• Depth of water is found insufficient for different ships.
• The size of harbor is found insufficient to accommodate the
increased traffic.
• Obstruction
• These defects can easily be avoided at the time of planning and
designing.

19. •SIZE OF A HARBOUR
Size depends upon:
# of ships
 length:275m-300m
 width:30m

20. •HARBOUR PLANNING
 It should be carried out after collecting necessary
information of the existing features at the proposed site.
 Following important facts should be studied.

21. A thorough survey of the neighborhood including the
foreshore & depths of water is necessary
Nature of a harbor wether sheltered or not, be studied
The existance of sea insects & various animals residing at
site.

22. Natural phenomena’s concerning planning of a harbour are:
Storms
Rainfall
Range of tides
Maximum & minimum temperatures
Direction & intensity of wind etc

23. •SITE SELECTION:
• Following factors play a great role in the
choice of site of a harbour.
• 1.Availability of cheap land & contruction material.
• 2.Natural protection from waves & winds
• 3.transport & communication facilities
• 4.industrial development of the locality

24. • 5.Sea bed,sub soil & foundation conditions
• 6.Avaibility of electrical energy
• 7.Defence & strategic aspects
• 8.trafic potentiality of harbour

25. •FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION:
1. HARBOR OF REFUGE
2. COMMERCIAL HARBOR
3. FISHRY HARBOR
4. MILLITARY HARBOR OR NAVEL BASE

26. •HARBOR OF REFUGE:
The harbor used for ships in storms or emergency
condition.
good anchorage and safe and easy access from the sea.
e.g: DOVER IN ENGLAND

28.  COMMERCIAL HARBOR:
Facilities for loading and unloading of cargo are provided.
The may be:
1. Part of bigger complex harbor
2. Independent unit or single commodity
harbor.
3. Terminal as oil terminal, coal port.

33. •FISHRY HARBOR:
Provided for fishing crafts and trawlers.

34. •MILLITARY HARBOR:
This harbor is meant for accommodating naval crafts and serves
as a supply deport.
The layout of this type of harbor is greatly influenced by its
location.

38. • PIER HEAD:
• The structure provided at the tip of break water
• Such as light house

39. • WHARVES:
• The structure constructed parallel to the shore or break water, having wide plate form
at the top
• Function is to permit berthing of vessel along side for cargo working

40. • JETTIES:
• Same as wharves
• Used for loading and unloading of cargo
• Made usually from shore towards sea water to prevent silting and dredging to allow free
flow of tidal currents

42. •DOCK:
• A dock is dug out and usually has gates so that the water level is kept up even though
the tide has gone out.
• A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or passenger exchange, or sometimes repair.

43. •HARBOR:
• A harbour may be natural or partly dug out, or even made with floating materials. It
doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow entrance.
• Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships

44. •PORTS:
• A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships
can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land.

45. THANKYOU