Android technology

ANDROID TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO:
PROF.MS.LEKHA MA’AM
BY:
SAURABH A.CHAUHAN
PSM / ROLL NO.04
SUBMITTED TO:
PROF.MS.LEKHA MA’AM
BY:
SAURABH A.CHAUHAN
PSM / ROLL NO.04

INTRODUCTION
 ANDROID IS A LINUX-BASED OPERATING SYSTEM
 DEVELOPED BY GOOGLE IN CONJUNCTION WITH
THE OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE.
 IT IS A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES
THAT INCLUDES AN OPERATING SYSTEM,
MIDDLEWARE AND KEY APPLICATIONS.
INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

 ANDROID, INC. WAS FOUNDED IN PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA,
UNITED STATES IN OCTOBER 2003
 BY ANDY RUBIN, RICH MINER, NICK SEARS, AND CHRIS
WHITE
 RUBIN'S WORDS "...SMARTER MOBILE DEVICES THAT ARE
MORE AWARE OF ITS OWNER'S LOCATION AND
PREFERENCES”.

 ANDREW E. RUBIN IS THE CO-
FOUNDER AND FORMER CEO OF
ANDROID INC.
 RUBIN GREW UP IN CHAPPAQUA,
NEW YORK, THE SON OF A
PSYCHOLOGIST
 CURRENTLY SENIOR VICE
PRESIDENT OF MOBILE AND
DIGITAL CONTENT AT GOOGLE.
 RUBIN HAS SEVENTEEN
PATENTS FOR HIS INVENTIONS

VERSION HISTORY
 THE VERSION HISTORY OF THE ANDROID OPERATING
SYSTEM BEGAN WITH THE RELEASE OF THE
ANDROID BETA IN NOVEMBER 2007.
 THE FIRST COMMERCIAL VERSION, ANDROID 1.0, WAS
RELEASED IN SEPTEMBER 2008.
 THE OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE (OHA) IS A CONSORTIUM
OF 84 FIRMS, AND HAS SEEN A NUMBER OF UPDATES.
 ESTABLISH ON 6TH
NOVEMBER 2007 LED BY GOOGLE.

 IN APRIL 2009, EACH ANDROID VERSION HAS BEEN
DEVELOPED UNDER A CODENAME BASED ON
A DESSERT OR SWEET TREAT.
 THESE VERSIONS HAVE BEEN RELEASED IN
ALPHABETICAL ORDER :
 CUPCAKE – APRIL 30, 2009
 DONUT – SEPTEMBER 15, 2009
 ÉCLAIR – OCTOBER 26, 2009
 FROYO – MAY 20, 2010
 GINGERBREAD – DECEMBER 06, 2010
 HONEYCOMB – MAY 10, 2011
 ICE CREAM SANDWICH – DECEMBER 16, 2011
 JELLY BEAN - JULY 09, 2012

VERSIONS OF ANDROID
ANDROID 1.0 ASTRO:
oANDROID 1.0, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL VERSION OF THE
SOFTWARE, WAS RELEASED ON SEPTEMBER 23, 2008.
oROBOT-RELATED CODENAME, "ASTRO“
oNAME CANNOT BE USED BECAUSE OF TRADEMARK.

ANDROID 1.1 BENDER:
 ON FEBRUARY 9, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.1
UPDATE WAS RELEASED, INITIALLY FOR
THE HTC DREAM ONLY.
 LIKE 1.0, THIS RELEASE CONTINUED THE
ROBOT NAMING THEME, WITH "BENDER"
CHOSEN, BUT AGAIN THIS WAS USED
INTERNALLY ONLY.

ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE
 ON APRIL 30, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.5 UPDATE WAS
RELEASED, BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.27.
 FIRST RELEASE TO USE A NAME BASED ON A DESSERT
("CUPCAKE"), A THEME WHICH WOULD BE USED FOR ALL
RELEASES HENCEFORTH. THE UPDATE INCLUDED SEVERAL
NEW FEATURES AND UI AMENDMENTS.

ANDROID 1.6 DONUT
 ON SEPTEMBER 15, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.6 SDK –
DUBBED DONUT – WAS RELEASED, BASED ON LINUX
KERNEL 2.6.29

ANDROID 2.0/2.1 ECLAIR
 ON OCTOBER 26, 2009, THE ANDROID 2.0 SDK –
CODENAMED ECLAIR – WAS RELEASED, BASED ON
LINUX KERNEL 2.6.29

ANDROID 2.2.X FROYO
• ON MAY 20, 2010, THE ANDROID 2.2 (FROYO) SDK WAS
RELEASED, BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.32.
• GOOGLE'S NEXUS ONE WAS THE FIRST SMART PHONE TO
RECEIVE ANDROID 2.2 FROYO

ANDROID 2.3.X GINGERBREAD
 ON DECEMBER 6, 2010, THE ANDROID 2.3
(GINGERBREAD) SDK WAS RELEASED, BASED ON
LINUX KERNEL 2.6.35

ANDROID 3.0 HONEYCOMB
 ANDROID 3.0 IS A NEW VERSION - SPECIFICALLY OPTIMIZED FOR
DEVICES WITH LARGER SCREEN SIZES, PARTICULARLY TABLETS.
 A NEW "HOLOGRAPHIC" USER INTERFACE AND INTERACTION
MODEL -- WHAT WE'VE SEEN ON THE MOTOROLA XOOM.
 HIGH-PERFORMANCE 2D AND 3D GRAPHICS.

ANDROID 4.0X ICE CREAM SANDWICH
 THE SDK FOR ANDROID 4.0.1 (ICE CREAM SANDWICH), BASED ON
LINUX KERNEL 3.0.1, WAS PUBLICLY RELEASED ON OCTOBER 19,
2011.
 GOOGLE'S GABE COHEN STATED THAT ANDROID 4.0 WAS
"THEORETICALLY COMPATIBLE" WITH ANY ANDROID 2.3.X
DEVICE IN PRODUCTION AT THAT TIME.

ANDROID 4.1x JELLY BEAN
 ON JUNE 27, 2012, AT THE GOOGLE CONFERENCE, GOOGLE
ANNOUNCED ANDROID 4.1 (JELLY BEAN). BASED ON
LINUX KERNEL 3.1.10.
 JELLY BEAN IS AN INCREMENTAL UPDATE WITH THE
PRIMARY AIM OF IMPROVING THE USER INTERFACE,
BOTH IN TERMS OF FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE.

ANDROID 4.4 KIT KAT
 KIT KAT IS THE UPCOMING VERSION IN ANDROID WHICH WAS
CONFORMED BY SUNDAR PICHAI HEAD OF BOTH ANDROID AND
CHROME.
 KIT KAT, IS THE TRADEMARKED NAME OF THE CHOCOLATE
CANDY BAR MADE BY NESTLE.
 THIS VERSION GOT TRI-CORE PROCESSOR.
 IT IS A CLOUD BASED.
 EDGE TO EDGE DISPLAY
 COMPATIBLE WITH MOST OF THE SMART
PHONES.

ANDROID 4.4 KIT KAT FEATURES
 FULL EMPHASIS ON BATTERY, PERFORMANCE AND
SECURITY FEATURES.
 POSSIBLE TRI-CORE CPU SUPPORT JUST LIKE KITKAT'S
WAFER DESIGN.
 THE CLOUD FOR UNBELIEVABLE TASTE SENSATION.
 WIDER GLOBAL COVERAGE SO YOU CAN TAKE IT
LITERALLY ANYWHERE AND MORE FEATURES.

MINIMUM MOBILE
SPECIFICATION FOR ANDROID
 CPU TYPICALLY RUNS 500-600 MHZ
 RAM AVAILABLE TO AN APP MAY ONLY BE A FEW MEGABYTES
 LIFECYCLE - APPS MUST PAUSE/QUIT OFTEN, AND RESTORE TO
GIVE THE ILLUSION THAT THEY ARE ALWAYS RUNNING
 UI DESIGN
 TYPICAL SCREEN MAY BE HVGA (320X480)
 MAY BE IN PORTRAIT OR LANDSCAPE
 VERY HIGH DPI - SMALL TEXT MAY NOT BE READABLE
 TOUCH RESOLUTION IS VERY LOW (~25 PIXEL)

MERITS
 HIGHLY CUSTOMIZABLE
 SERVICES CAN RUN IN THE BACKGROUND
 NOTIFICATIONS LET YOU KNOW OF
BACKGROUND EVENTS
 MULTITASKING
 WIDGET
 EASY ACCESS TO THOUSANDS OF APPLICATIONS
VIA THE GOOGLE ANDROID APP MARKET

DEMERITS
 ADVERTISING
 CONTINUOUS INTERNET CONNECTION

ANDROID MARKET
 REVENUE WILL REACH AN ESTIMATED $6.8 BILLION BY
THE END OF THIS YEAR.
 THE REVENUE IS ALMOST THE DOUBLE OF ITS 2012
REVENUE.
 HIGHER SALES OF SMARTPHONES WITH THE
ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM.
 THE REVENUE GAP BETWEEN THE IOS AND ANDROID
IS CLOSING DAY BY DAY.
 PLAY STORE HAS REACHED 48 BILLION APP INSTALLS .

IOS VS ANDROID STATISTICS
 GOOGLE PLAY PASSED THE IOS MARKET IN APP
DOWNLOAD VOLUME BY 10%.
 APPLE APP STORE LEADS THE GOOGLE PLAY BY NEARLY
130 PERCENT WHEN IT COMES TO REVENUES.
 GOOGLE COULD GENERATE $500 MILLION IN PLAY STORE
PROFITS IN 2014.
 GOOGLE IS TALKING TO SOUTH KOREAN CARRIERS TO
INCREASE PLAY STORE REVENUE.
 RATIO BETWEEN THE ANDROID & IOS DEVICES HAS
COME UP TO 3:1.

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