kids disease

1. Measels
(rubeola)
By
Dr. Saurabh Agrawal

2. Intro
• Highly infectious disease of childhood
• Caused by Specific virus of the group
myxoviruses.

3. Clicnical characteristics
• Fever
• Catarahal symp. (coryza, cough)
• Typical rash.
• High morbidity and mortality in developing
countries
• Only humans no animal reservoir

4. Problem statement
• Endemic in entire world
• Common in developing countries and rare in
industrial countries
• Challange for eradication
– Weak immunization sys
– High infectious nature
– Refusal of immunization by population

5. Epidemiological determinants
Agent fac:
• Agent = RNA paramyxovirus
• Source of infe: case of measles
• Infective mat: secretion of nose, throat, RT
• Period of communi: 4 days before and 4 days
after appearance of rash

6. Epidemiological determinants
Host fac:
• Age: 6mth- 3yrs in developing countries
– Over 5 yrs in developed countries
• Sex: equal
• Immunity: no age is immune if no previous
immunity
• Nutrition: 400 times more chance of mortality
in malnourished children

7. Environmental fac:
• Can spread in any season
• Tropical zone- Mostly dry season
• Temperate zone- winters

8. Transmission
• Person to person
• Droplet and droplet nuclie
• Portal of entry: RT

9. Incubation period
• 10 days from exposure to onset of fever
• 14 days to appearance of rash

10. Clinical features
• 3 stages
• 1. Prodromal stage:
– Begins 10 days after infec
– Fever, coryza, sneezing, nasal discharge, cough,
lacrimation, photophobia
– Vomiting and diarrhoea might be present
– KOPLIKS SPOT= day or 2 before appearance of rash
• Table salt crystal appearance on buccal mucosa opp to 1st
and 2nd lower molar
• Small blueish white spot on red base, small the pin head

11. • 2. Eruptive stage:
– Red dusky macular/ maculo papular rash
– Begins behind ears, spread rapidly in hrs over face
and neck, exteds to lower body in 2-3 days
– Fades in same appearance leaving brownish
discolouration

12. • Post eruptive stage:
– Wt. Loss
– Growth retardation

15. Korting GW: Hautkrankheiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, 3rd ed. Stuttgart, FK
Schattauer Verlag, 1982
09/18/10 Prof. saad s al ani measles khor 15
Maculopapular rash of measles

16. Typical rash on day 2–3 of measles
(Courtesy of J.H. Brien.)
09/18/10 Prof. saad s al ani measles khor 16

17. Rash on day 5 of measles showing typical confluence and density
on head with scattered lesions on the trunk. (Courtesy of J.H. Brien.)
09/18/10 Prof. saad s al ani measles khor 17

18. Complication
• Measels ass. Diarrhoea
• Pneumonia and other RTI
• Otitis media
• Neurological condition like- convulsion,
encephalitis

19. Prevention
• Vaccination-
– Live attenuated is safe and effective
– Freezed dried product
– Lose 50% potency in 1 hr @ 20 c and all @37c]
• Age- as close to 9 month
• Administration: SC/ IM