1.
1/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI
DIEE - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
ICT per le
Smart Grid
Prof. Luigi Atzori
Ing. Alessio Meloni

2.
2/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Grid challenges
“One of the core challenges for an intelligent electricity supply system, includes the
creation of a software architecture allowing consumers and market players to
compose new services and to satisfy own requirements related to energy services and
products thereby using also market interfaces and at the same time supporting the
quality and security of supply of the grid based electricity system.”
“In order to exploit economies of scale and to provide scalable solutions, a lot of effort
has to focus on the definition of interoperable interfaces.”
“The role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in adapting electricity
networks to real time actions and managing distributed control in the network will be
a critical contribution.”
From the Smart Grid challenges of the
European Strategic Research Agenda 2025

3.
3/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Grid challenges
“One of the core challenges for an intelligent electricity supply system, includes the
creation of a software architecture allowing consumers and market players to
compose new services and to satisfy own requirements related to energy services and
products thereby using also market interfaces and at the same time supporting the
quality and security of supply of the grid based electricity system.”
“In order to exploit economies of scale and to provide scalable solutions, a lot of effort
has to focus on the definition of interoperable interfaces.”
“The role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in adapting electricity
networks to real time actions and managing distributed control in the network will be
a critical contribution.”
Use of an open approach where resources are accessed and traded
Harmonizing and orchestrating views on resources and functionalities

4.
4/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Grid challenges
“One of the core challenges for an intelligent electricity supply system, includes the
creation of a software architecture allowing consumers and market players to
compose new services and to satisfy own requirements related to energy services and
products thereby using also market interfaces and at the same time supporting the
quality and security of supply of the grid based electricity system.”
“In order to exploit economies of scale and to provide scalable solutions, a lot of effort
has to focus on the definition of interoperable interfaces.”
“The role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in adapting electricity
networks to real time actions and managing distributed control in the network will be
a critical contribution.”
Data and computation overload management
Dynamic adaptation to changes that may occur even in critical situations

5.
5/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Grid challenges
“One of the core challenges for an intelligent electricity supply system, includes the
creation of a software architecture allowing consumers and market players to
compose new services and to satisfy own requirements related to energy services and
products thereby using also market interfaces and at the same time supporting the
quality and security of supply of the grid based electricity system.”
“In order to exploit economies of scale and to provide scalable solutions, a lot of effort
has to focus on the definition of interoperable interfaces.”
“The role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in adapting electricity
networks to real time actions and managing distributed control in the network will be
a critical contribution.”
Differentiating while integrating real time and non-real time services
Distribution in Smart Grid calls for distribution of the ICT overlay

6.
6/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
CEN/CENELEC/ETSI: SGAM model

7.
7/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: IoT & Virtualization
Virtual
World

8.
8/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: IoT & Virtualization
 Interoperable
 Reusable
 Future-proof
 Composition-friendly
 Adaptable
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO

9.
9/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: IoT & Virtualization
Where are virtual
entities located?
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO

10.
10/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: Cloud
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO
 Virtual Entities are built and
executed on the Google
infrastructure (PaaS)
 Scalable and elastic
 traffic
 computation
 storage
 Lower CAPEX and OPEX

11.
11/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: Cloud
Are all virtual entities
located in the cloud?
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO

12.
12/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: Fog
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO
 Fog is about computing and
storing on the edge
 to make local decisions
 to improve latency
 to save bandwidth
Cloud computing
Fog-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication

13.
13/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Enabling technologies: Fog
APP APP
CVOCVOCVO CVO
CVO
VO VO
VO
VOVO
 Fog and Cloud are synergistic,
not exclusive
 Fog is the ICT microgrid
 IoT systems require both
Cloud computing
Fog-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication

14.
14/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
An use-case: System State
Estimation*
 Objective: offer a
programmable
and QoS
compliant
environment for
System State
Estimation
*Funded by Legge 7, RAS, annualità 2013

15.
15/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
An use-case: System State
Estimation
 Integrating
Smart Grid
devices in a IoT
platform
 PMUs (Phasor
Measurement
Units) are the
most interesting
yet challenging
components

16.
16/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
VIRTUAL ENTITIES LOCATION
An use-case: System State
Estimation

17.
17/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
 More elastic
 Better CAPEX/OPEX
 Wider vision and
visibility
 More responsive
 More secure
 Less bandwidth
required
An use-case: System State
Estimation

18.
18/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
An use-case: System State
Estimation

19.
19/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
• Objective: Optimize energy management and
provide load estimation
 Automatic appliance execution shift based on
customer comfort
energy price
RES energy availability
• Virtual objects
– The appliances
• CVOs and VO: locally implemented
Smart Home Energy Management*
Use case of the European Project Demanes, funded by Artemis JU, 2012-2015

20.
20/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Home Energy Management
• User profile: annoyance level
– Washing machine, dishwasher, clothes dryer, electric
oven, heating system, water heater

21.
21/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Home Energy Management

22.
22/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Smart Home Energy Management

23.
23/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Conclusions
• Smart Grid ICT infrastructure
– Cloud based
– Virtualization
• Advantages
– Flexibility, reusability, reliability
• Disadvantages
– Latency, security
• Applications
– Real-time estimation of the grid status, smart
management of the energy in homes and districts

24.
24/23Prof. Luigi Atzori 27/11/2015
Grazie per l’attenzione
http://mclab.diee.unica.it
l.atzori@ieee.org