SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 44
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Effect of light on reproduction
            and sleep

                       By
                  Tay Lee Huay
                    D10a038
Objectives
• To understand the differences of photoperiod in
  different region on earth,
• To review the light stimulatory pathway in
  animals, the photosensitive cells and organ
  involved,
• To know the important mechanism involves in
  regulating sleep and reproduction,
• To allow better understanding of the effect of
  light on reproduction and sleep,
• Understand the role of light in regulating the
  reproduction and sleep of animals.
Pineal gland




Photoperiod                                          Other
    &                     Effect of light        Photosensitive
                                on                  organs
Seasonality
                          reproduction
                            and sleep

        Effect of light
                                               Light
              on
                                            regulation
        reproduction
                                             pathway
           & sleep
Photoperiod & seasonality
Photoperiod & Seasonality
• Photoperiod:
   – the period of daily illumination received by an organism
• Circadian rhythm:
   – daily rhythmic activity cycle based on 24-hours intervals
     exhibited by an organism in an constant conditions.
   – Not found in short-lived organism such as protist.
• Entrain:
  • Synchronize
• Free-running:
   – Not entrained to the circadian rhythm
Photoperiod & Seasonality
• Differences in photoperiod depending on:
   – latitude
• Generally,
   – High latitude: short spring and autumn
   – Temperate, subpolar region: 4 seasons
   – Low latitudes & other regions: (tropical & sub-tropical) dry
     & wet seasons instead of 4 seasons
   – Temperate country: has obvious difference in
     photoperiod(SDP & LDP)
   – Light – most accurate environment clock
   – For animals not influenced by light, temperature and
     electromagnetic field are better indicator for this case.
Effect of light on reproduction and sleep
4seasons….
Vary in light intensity
Vary in food availability
Dramatics fluctuations of temperature…
Some adaptive changes due to
    vary in photoperiod
Adaptive changes in animals??....
      (Autumn & Winter)
Effect of light on reproduction and sleep
Effect of light on reproduction and sleep
Adaptive changes…..
Adaptive changes…
Spring….. & autumn
Breeding seasons….
Pineal gland
Pineal gland
• Pinecone-shaped
• Located caudally to the roof of the third ventricle
  of the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) .
• Consists of:
   –   pinealocytes
   –   glial cells
   –   perivascular phagocyte
   –   pineal neurons
   –   peptidergic neuron-like cells
Pineal gland cont.
• Avian:
   – On the surface of brain, located ventrally to the skull.
• Main function:
   – Secretes melatonin, serotonin, pineal peptides.
   (*melatonin=darkness hormone  suppressed by light)
• Lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles):
   – Similar to photoreceptor cells in retina
   – Known as parietal organ (fx: endocrine)
Pineal gland of mammals




                          Pineal gland of avian
Other photosensitive organs
Melanopsin
• Photopigment.
• Non-visual.
• Sensitive to blue light – inhibition of melatonin
  secretion.
• Found in:
   – Retinal ganglion cells (mammals)
   – Widely distributed outside retina (non-mammals).
• Function:
   – Detects light
   – unconscious visual reflexes, e.g. pupillary constriction
   – regulating circadian rhythm
Parietal eye
• Embryologically, arises from the cranial
  evagination of pineal organ/ epithalamus
  (instead of encephalon which give rise to
  pineal gland)
• Fx: photoreceptive organ
• Absent in birds and mammals.
• Present in some reptiles, amphibians,
  lampreys and some fish.
• Connects to pineal gland by parietal nerve.
Effect of light on reproduction and sleep
Light regulation pathway
Retinal pathway


                   Dorsal
                  Cervical
                  Ganglion
Light
               penetrate
                through
                 eyelid




   Other         Non-      Penetration
 pathway.
    (not        retinal      through
                               skull
established)   pathway




                Parietal
                 organ
Effect of light on reproduction and
                 sleep
Effect of light on reproduction
Introduction
• Reproduction:
  – Biological process where organism propagate its
    offspring.
• Most important hormone involved:
  – Melatonin
                    1
     • Secretion=        photoperiod
                    ������
Effect of light on reproduction
• Low light/ in dark: Melatonin secreted.
  – Inhibits secretion of LH and FSH (act on pineal
    gland) - Suppress libido, reproductive ability.
  – Binds to reproductive organ and causes gonadal
    regression – presence of melatonin receptors.
  (Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate of male
  and ovary and mammary gland of female)
• SDP: suppress breeding state of animals.
• LDP: stimulate animals into breeding seasons.
Effect of light on reproduction cont.
• LDP:
  – Lower level of melatonin.
  – Serotonin –Inclination to leave food and search for
    a mate; Sexually receptive.
  – LH surge  oestrus
  – Changes in ornamental pigmentation - ↑appeals
  – Reduced antigonadotrophic effect.
  ↓ gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), ↑
  gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIHR), ↑
  testestrone
Animals not affected?
• Some hamster
• Humans – only continuous long duration of
  expose to melatonin– weeks-change in
  hypothalamic sensitivity to malatonin.
• Deer- breeding phase stimulated by SDP
Effect of light on sleep
Introduction
• Sleep:
  • Regularly recurring condition of body and mind in which the
     nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles
     relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended.
  (Consise Oxford English Dictionary 11th ed.)
• Melatonin:
  – Binds & activates peripheral receptors – vasculature of
    heart.
  – No significant change in heart rate
  – Alters autonomic activity - ↑ peripheral temp., ↓
    body core temp.
  – ↑ sleep propensity
Light effect on sleep
• Melatonin secretion declines with age.
• Factors affecting distorted in light entrainment:
   – blindness,
   – short-sightedness which reduces sensitivity to light
   – stress
   – endocrine disorders
   – sleep disorders
   – stress
   – adolescene
   – Artificial light
   – Lesions on retinal pathway
   – Etc
   (free-running sleep can be observed. i.e. sleep-wake cycle doesn’t
   entrained to environmental light)
Dawn:
• Resets circadian rhythm.
• Suppress melatonin secretion > evening.
• Serotonin ↑- initiates animals to wake up.
Dusk:
• Resets circadian rhythm in opposite direction.
• Delay in melatonin secretion shorter than of in
  dawn.
Afternoon nap???
• Increase awareness.
• light during the day has little effect
  on the resetting the circadian clock.
• will not influenced circadian clock
  unless the animals sleep too much.
Blue & Green light
• Blue light: 435- 530 nm (480nm)
   – Detected by melapnosin
   – Increase in awareness – circadian rhythm most effected
     (melanopsin)
   – Suppress melatonin production
• Green light:
   – Detected by cone receptors.
   – Suppress melatonin production – not as efficient as blue
     light.
   – Effect dies off quickly then blue light
• Since serotonin is the intermediate product of
  melatonin from tryptophan, serotonin level ↑,
  ↓sleepiness, ↑ alertness.
Adaptive changes?
• Hibernation
  – dormant state of animal to spend throughout
    the winter period.
• Physical & physiological changes according to
  environment.
• Changes may be abrupt – like new spp.
Hibernation
• Siberian hamster:
  – Grows fatter & bigger in size – deposition of
    fats
  – Changing of fur colour – camouflague
  – Exhibit dead during hibernation.
• Bear
  – hard to migrate.
  – bulkier, short and compact body, large
    appetites. Thus, hibernate.
Conclusion
• Light is a important “time-telling” clock indicator
  that entrains animal’s biological cycle according
  to its environment to enhance the chances of
  survival and well-being of animals.
• Animals is evolved in such a way that they can
  live and adapt to their environment through with
  the help of photoperiod.
• Melapnosin is responsible for the detection of
  ‘light’ needed to entrain biological clock.
• Light is important indicator for reproduction and
  sleep-wake cycles of animals.
Thanks for your attention 

       Dankeshön

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)Nazmul Ahmed Oli
 
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammalHormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammalDr. Karri Ramarao
 
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®): Clinical trial experience
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®):  Clinical trial experienceCorifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®):  Clinical trial experience
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®): Clinical trial experienceYuzko Olexandr
 
Placentation in mammal,classification of placenta and function
Placentation  in mammal,classification of placenta and function Placentation  in mammal,classification of placenta and function
Placentation in mammal,classification of placenta and function SoniaBajaj10
 
Dev_Bio_-1.pptx
Dev_Bio_-1.pptxDev_Bio_-1.pptx
Dev_Bio_-1.pptxNaga Rajan
 
Activation of egg metabolism
Activation of egg metabolismActivation of egg metabolism
Activation of egg metabolismMuhammadFaizan261
 
Insect And Crustacean Endocrinology
Insect And Crustacean EndocrinologyInsect And Crustacean Endocrinology
Insect And Crustacean EndocrinologyA.Krishnamoorthi
 
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.Bhupen Koch
 
Ivm Of Oocytes Study
Ivm Of Oocytes StudyIvm Of Oocytes Study
Ivm Of Oocytes Studyguest7f0a3a
 
gonad and Sex differentiation in human
gonad and Sex differentiation in humangonad and Sex differentiation in human
gonad and Sex differentiation in humanRudraMourya
 
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsReproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
 
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...SoniaBajaj10
 
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)Surjya Kumar Saikia
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Steroidogenesis 1.pptx
Steroidogenesis 1.pptxSteroidogenesis 1.pptx
Steroidogenesis 1.pptx
 
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
 
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammalHormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
 
SCN ( supra chiasmatic nucleus)
SCN                                  ( supra chiasmatic nucleus)SCN                                  ( supra chiasmatic nucleus)
SCN ( supra chiasmatic nucleus)
 
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®): Clinical trial experience
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®):  Clinical trial experienceCorifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®):  Clinical trial experience
Corifollitropin Alfa (Elonva®): Clinical trial experience
 
Placentation in mammal,classification of placenta and function
Placentation  in mammal,classification of placenta and function Placentation  in mammal,classification of placenta and function
Placentation in mammal,classification of placenta and function
 
Germ cell migration.
Germ cell migration. Germ cell migration.
Germ cell migration.
 
Regeneration sat
Regeneration  satRegeneration  sat
Regeneration sat
 
Dev_Bio_-1.pptx
Dev_Bio_-1.pptxDev_Bio_-1.pptx
Dev_Bio_-1.pptx
 
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTIONHORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
 
Activation of egg metabolism
Activation of egg metabolismActivation of egg metabolism
Activation of egg metabolism
 
Insect And Crustacean Endocrinology
Insect And Crustacean EndocrinologyInsect And Crustacean Endocrinology
Insect And Crustacean Endocrinology
 
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.
Morphogenesis and cell adhesion.
 
Primordial Germ Cells
Primordial Germ CellsPrimordial Germ Cells
Primordial Germ Cells
 
Ivm Of Oocytes Study
Ivm Of Oocytes StudyIvm Of Oocytes Study
Ivm Of Oocytes Study
 
gonad and Sex differentiation in human
gonad and Sex differentiation in humangonad and Sex differentiation in human
gonad and Sex differentiation in human
 
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsReproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
 
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...
Regeneration, Types of Regeneration,Invertebrates&Vertebrates sp. ,Mechanism,...
 
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
 
Cleavage 1
Cleavage 1Cleavage 1
Cleavage 1
 

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (8)

Light
LightLight
Light
 
Heat stress on bovine reproduction
Heat stress on bovine reproductionHeat stress on bovine reproduction
Heat stress on bovine reproduction
 
Effects of sun's heat and light
Effects of sun's heat and lightEffects of sun's heat and light
Effects of sun's heat and light
 
2. effects of the sun's heat and light
2. effects of the sun's heat and light2. effects of the sun's heat and light
2. effects of the sun's heat and light
 
23 effects of heat
23 effects of heat23 effects of heat
23 effects of heat
 
A adam and the whirling wind
A adam and the whirling windA adam and the whirling wind
A adam and the whirling wind
 
Mj adeniyi msc
Mj adeniyi mscMj adeniyi msc
Mj adeniyi msc
 
Effects Of Heat Energy
Effects Of  Heat  EnergyEffects Of  Heat  Energy
Effects Of Heat Energy
 

Ähnlich wie Effect of light on reproduction and sleep

AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and Sleep
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and SleepAQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and Sleep
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and SleepSnowfairy007
 
Animal Physiology ( Biological Clock)
Animal  Physiology ( Biological Clock)Animal  Physiology ( Biological Clock)
Animal Physiology ( Biological Clock)zuma amza
 
States Of Consciousness
States Of ConsciousnessStates Of Consciousness
States Of ConsciousnessAiyana Cruz
 
High lights on Sleep physiology
High lights on Sleep physiology High lights on Sleep physiology
High lights on Sleep physiology Ashraf ElAdawy
 
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomnias
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomniasClassification of sleep disorders and parasomnias
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomniasEnoch R G
 
sleep disturbance and its patterns
sleep disturbance and its patternssleep disturbance and its patterns
sleep disturbance and its patternsAbhijit Bhoyar
 
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms
Biological and Circardial  Rhythyms Biological and Circardial  Rhythyms
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms DollyChauhan10
 
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)Hena Jawaid
 
Chapter9 Power Point Lecture
Chapter9 Power Point LectureChapter9 Power Point Lecture
Chapter9 Power Point LectureGladys Escalante
 
Chapter04
Chapter04Chapter04
Chapter04drellen
 
Biological rhythms
Biological rhythmsBiological rhythms
Biological rhythmsstudy_182
 

Ähnlich wie Effect of light on reproduction and sleep (20)

Biological rhythms
Biological rhythmsBiological rhythms
Biological rhythms
 
animlphy.pptx
animlphy.pptxanimlphy.pptx
animlphy.pptx
 
Circadian Rhythms: Sleep-waking cycle
Circadian Rhythms: Sleep-waking cycleCircadian Rhythms: Sleep-waking cycle
Circadian Rhythms: Sleep-waking cycle
 
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and Sleep
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and SleepAQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and Sleep
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 - Bio-rhythms and Sleep
 
Animal Physiology ( Biological Clock)
Animal  Physiology ( Biological Clock)Animal  Physiology ( Biological Clock)
Animal Physiology ( Biological Clock)
 
States Of Consciousness
States Of ConsciousnessStates Of Consciousness
States Of Consciousness
 
6. states of consciousness
6. states of consciousness6. states of consciousness
6. states of consciousness
 
Chapter9
Chapter9Chapter9
Chapter9
 
High lights on Sleep physiology
High lights on Sleep physiology High lights on Sleep physiology
High lights on Sleep physiology
 
Limbic system
Limbic systemLimbic system
Limbic system
 
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomnias
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomniasClassification of sleep disorders and parasomnias
Classification of sleep disorders and parasomnias
 
sleep disturbance and its patterns
sleep disturbance and its patternssleep disturbance and its patterns
sleep disturbance and its patterns
 
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms
Biological and Circardial  Rhythyms Biological and Circardial  Rhythyms
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms
 
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)
Neurobiology of sleep_disorders_lattova(5280ab0cb6099)
 
Chapter9 Power Point Lecture
Chapter9 Power Point LectureChapter9 Power Point Lecture
Chapter9 Power Point Lecture
 
Circadian rhythms
Circadian rhythmsCircadian rhythms
Circadian rhythms
 
Chapter04
Chapter04Chapter04
Chapter04
 
melanopsin 332
melanopsin 332melanopsin 332
melanopsin 332
 
Sleep wake regulation
Sleep wake regulationSleep wake regulation
Sleep wake regulation
 
Biological rhythms
Biological rhythmsBiological rhythms
Biological rhythms
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.whalesdesign
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfDolisha Warbi
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisSujoy Dasgupta
 
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?Ryan Addison
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisNilofarRasheed1
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...bkling
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyZurück zum Ursprung
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsMedicoseAcademics
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportNARMADAPETROLEUMGAS
 
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_Wellbeing
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_WellbeingGeneral_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_Wellbeing
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_WellbeingAnonymous
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondSujoy Dasgupta
 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...Ganesan Yogananthem
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024EwoutSteyerberg1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
 
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
 
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project report
 
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptxCone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
 
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_Wellbeing
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_WellbeingGeneral_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_Wellbeing
General_Studies_Presentation_Health_and_Wellbeing
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
 

Effect of light on reproduction and sleep

  • 1. Effect of light on reproduction and sleep By Tay Lee Huay D10a038
  • 2. Objectives • To understand the differences of photoperiod in different region on earth, • To review the light stimulatory pathway in animals, the photosensitive cells and organ involved, • To know the important mechanism involves in regulating sleep and reproduction, • To allow better understanding of the effect of light on reproduction and sleep, • Understand the role of light in regulating the reproduction and sleep of animals.
  • 3. Pineal gland Photoperiod Other & Effect of light Photosensitive on organs Seasonality reproduction and sleep Effect of light Light on regulation reproduction pathway & sleep
  • 5. Photoperiod & Seasonality • Photoperiod: – the period of daily illumination received by an organism • Circadian rhythm: – daily rhythmic activity cycle based on 24-hours intervals exhibited by an organism in an constant conditions. – Not found in short-lived organism such as protist. • Entrain: • Synchronize • Free-running: – Not entrained to the circadian rhythm
  • 6. Photoperiod & Seasonality • Differences in photoperiod depending on: – latitude • Generally, – High latitude: short spring and autumn – Temperate, subpolar region: 4 seasons – Low latitudes & other regions: (tropical & sub-tropical) dry & wet seasons instead of 4 seasons – Temperate country: has obvious difference in photoperiod(SDP & LDP) – Light – most accurate environment clock – For animals not influenced by light, temperature and electromagnetic field are better indicator for this case.
  • 8. 4seasons…. Vary in light intensity Vary in food availability Dramatics fluctuations of temperature…
  • 9. Some adaptive changes due to vary in photoperiod
  • 10. Adaptive changes in animals??.... (Autumn & Winter)
  • 18. Pineal gland • Pinecone-shaped • Located caudally to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . • Consists of: – pinealocytes – glial cells – perivascular phagocyte – pineal neurons – peptidergic neuron-like cells
  • 19. Pineal gland cont. • Avian: – On the surface of brain, located ventrally to the skull. • Main function: – Secretes melatonin, serotonin, pineal peptides. (*melatonin=darkness hormone  suppressed by light) • Lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles): – Similar to photoreceptor cells in retina – Known as parietal organ (fx: endocrine)
  • 20. Pineal gland of mammals Pineal gland of avian
  • 22. Melanopsin • Photopigment. • Non-visual. • Sensitive to blue light – inhibition of melatonin secretion. • Found in: – Retinal ganglion cells (mammals) – Widely distributed outside retina (non-mammals). • Function: – Detects light – unconscious visual reflexes, e.g. pupillary constriction – regulating circadian rhythm
  • 23. Parietal eye • Embryologically, arises from the cranial evagination of pineal organ/ epithalamus (instead of encephalon which give rise to pineal gland) • Fx: photoreceptive organ • Absent in birds and mammals. • Present in some reptiles, amphibians, lampreys and some fish. • Connects to pineal gland by parietal nerve.
  • 26. Retinal pathway Dorsal Cervical Ganglion
  • 27. Light penetrate through eyelid Other Non- Penetration pathway. (not retinal through skull established) pathway Parietal organ
  • 28. Effect of light on reproduction and sleep
  • 29. Effect of light on reproduction
  • 30. Introduction • Reproduction: – Biological process where organism propagate its offspring. • Most important hormone involved: – Melatonin 1 • Secretion= photoperiod ������
  • 31. Effect of light on reproduction • Low light/ in dark: Melatonin secreted. – Inhibits secretion of LH and FSH (act on pineal gland) - Suppress libido, reproductive ability. – Binds to reproductive organ and causes gonadal regression – presence of melatonin receptors. (Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate of male and ovary and mammary gland of female) • SDP: suppress breeding state of animals. • LDP: stimulate animals into breeding seasons.
  • 32. Effect of light on reproduction cont. • LDP: – Lower level of melatonin. – Serotonin –Inclination to leave food and search for a mate; Sexually receptive. – LH surge  oestrus – Changes in ornamental pigmentation - ↑appeals – Reduced antigonadotrophic effect. ↓ gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), ↑ gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIHR), ↑ testestrone
  • 33. Animals not affected? • Some hamster • Humans – only continuous long duration of expose to melatonin– weeks-change in hypothalamic sensitivity to malatonin. • Deer- breeding phase stimulated by SDP
  • 34. Effect of light on sleep
  • 35. Introduction • Sleep: • Regularly recurring condition of body and mind in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended. (Consise Oxford English Dictionary 11th ed.) • Melatonin: – Binds & activates peripheral receptors – vasculature of heart. – No significant change in heart rate – Alters autonomic activity - ↑ peripheral temp., ↓ body core temp. – ↑ sleep propensity
  • 36. Light effect on sleep • Melatonin secretion declines with age. • Factors affecting distorted in light entrainment: – blindness, – short-sightedness which reduces sensitivity to light – stress – endocrine disorders – sleep disorders – stress – adolescene – Artificial light – Lesions on retinal pathway – Etc (free-running sleep can be observed. i.e. sleep-wake cycle doesn’t entrained to environmental light)
  • 37. Dawn: • Resets circadian rhythm. • Suppress melatonin secretion > evening. • Serotonin ↑- initiates animals to wake up.
  • 38. Dusk: • Resets circadian rhythm in opposite direction. • Delay in melatonin secretion shorter than of in dawn.
  • 39. Afternoon nap??? • Increase awareness. • light during the day has little effect on the resetting the circadian clock. • will not influenced circadian clock unless the animals sleep too much.
  • 40. Blue & Green light • Blue light: 435- 530 nm (480nm) – Detected by melapnosin – Increase in awareness – circadian rhythm most effected (melanopsin) – Suppress melatonin production • Green light: – Detected by cone receptors. – Suppress melatonin production – not as efficient as blue light. – Effect dies off quickly then blue light • Since serotonin is the intermediate product of melatonin from tryptophan, serotonin level ↑, ↓sleepiness, ↑ alertness.
  • 41. Adaptive changes? • Hibernation – dormant state of animal to spend throughout the winter period. • Physical & physiological changes according to environment. • Changes may be abrupt – like new spp.
  • 42. Hibernation • Siberian hamster: – Grows fatter & bigger in size – deposition of fats – Changing of fur colour – camouflague – Exhibit dead during hibernation. • Bear – hard to migrate. – bulkier, short and compact body, large appetites. Thus, hibernate.
  • 43. Conclusion • Light is a important “time-telling” clock indicator that entrains animal’s biological cycle according to its environment to enhance the chances of survival and well-being of animals. • Animals is evolved in such a way that they can live and adapt to their environment through with the help of photoperiod. • Melapnosin is responsible for the detection of ‘light’ needed to entrain biological clock. • Light is important indicator for reproduction and sleep-wake cycles of animals.
  • 44. Thanks for your attention  Dankeshön