A Report in the subject Comparative Philosophies in Education

1. • An Underdeveloped country is at the very bottom of the
global economy, with widespread extreme poverty and
dire living conditions.
What is an underdeveloped
country? • It usually have little or no infrastructure or reliable health
care and other social services.
• It has experienced long-term political unrest in the form of
civil war or armed conflict with other nations, or have been
subject to unstable governments, dictatorships, and/or
corruption.
• It may frequently suffer environmental events and natural
disasters that cause famine, destruction, and displacement
of large segments of their populations.

2. There are nearly 200 underdeveloped countries in
Which countries are classified our world today.
as underdeveloped?
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Laos
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Nepal
Bhutan
Uganda
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
etc……

3. • Somali Republic
• Capital city (and largest city): Mogadishu
SOMALIA
• Official language(s): Somali, Arabic
• Ethnic groups: Somali 92.4%, Arab 2.2%,Banto1.3%,
other 4.1%
• Religion: Islam 100%
• Independence from: Britain and Italy, June
26 and July 1- 1960
• Currency:
Somali shilling

4. • Land: It is about the size Texas. Borders
Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia
About Somalia Republic
• Coastline: About 3,025 kilometers, the
longest in Africa
• Climate: principally
desert
• Population: 9,832,017
45% are ages 0-14
52% are ages 15-64
2.5% are over 65 years
The World Factbook, 2009 WHO

5. • . Extreme poverty
The Situation on Living (less than $1/day) 43% of the
Standard general public
53% among the rural and nomadic
people
• General poverty
(less than $2/day) 73% of
households 80% in rural and
nomadic people
WB, 2008 Living Standard
Adnahospital.org

6. • Somalia has existed without a central
government since 1991
The Situation
• Over 17 years of armed conflicts
between rival groups, recurring
draughts, and the absence of any public
infrastructure have led to famine,
diseases, and the deaths of over one
million people
The Situation UN 2009 and USAID, 2009

7. • Life expectancy: 48 (2007)
• Under-5 mortality
The Situation on Health 142/1,000 (2007)
68/1,000 World (2007)
• Access to clean water
29% of population
• Infant mortality rate: 88/1,000 (2007)
• Maternal mortality rate: 1,044/10,000 (2006)
• The main causes of death among children are
acute malnutrition, diarrheal diseases,
respiratory infections and malaria
UNICEF, 2009 Health

8. • Literacy Rate: 24%
The Situation in Education
• Number of Primary Schools: 1,224
• Compulsory Schooling: 8 years
• Educational Enrollment: Primary:
196,496
Higher: 2,040
• Teachers:
Primary: 10,338
Higher: 324
• One in five people is illiterate

9. • It had four basic levels: preprimary, primary,
secondary/vocational, and higher.
Educational System • The Ministry of Education is responsible and
takes 15 % of the government’s budget
• It comprises two years of Early Childhood
Development (ECD), eight years of
primary(four years of lower primary and
four years of upper primary) and four years
of secondary. University education
comprises an average of four years. Thus, it
is a 2-4-4-4 system.

10. • The school year is
composed of 10 months
Educational System
Start: September
End: June
Vacation:
July and August
Enrolment Rate:
38% = girls
62% = boys

11. • Our Vision is to provide quality education service
for development by enabling our citizen to
acquire knowledge and skills necessary to make
VISION & MISSION of well achievement in the highly competitive
Education global economy.
• Our mission is to contribute to the sustainable
development and improvement of society as a
whole, through new education interventions
plans that can answer challenges caused by the
numerous different curriculums, unknown
education programs going on in the country and
strengthening and expansion of primary and
higher education to all.

12. • It entails the essential skills of literacy
and numeracy upon which further
Preprimary/Early learning is built.
childhood education(ECD)
• Quranic Education also forms a
component
• Offered to children in the 0-5 age
bracket
• It prepares children for school and
facilitates the transition from home to
primary school

13. • Primary education is consisted of four years of
elementary school, followed by fours years of
intermediate schooling
Primary Education
• The primary curriculum included reading,
writing, and arithmetic. Arabic was taught as a
secondary language, and social studies courses
were taught using textbooks that focused on
Somali issues.
• Students are taught for 36 and 42 lesson periods,
each lasting 35 and 40 minutes, respectively, per
week. The language of instruction is Somali in
subjects other than Arabic and Islam. English is
taught as a subject from Grades 2 to 8.

14. • There are 11 secondary schools, 3 in Somaliland and 8 in
Mogadishu, all operated by private organizations
Secondary/ • Is offered for four years to pupils between the ages of 15-
Vocational Schools 18, and leads to a Puntland Secondary School Certificate
Examination (PSCE)
• Ten subjects are taught in secondary schools, namely:
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Somali, Arabic,
Islamic studies, English, physical education, geography and
history.
• Vocational schools are for students who wanted to obtain
technical skills in the areas of agriculture, mechanics,
masonry, or forestry
• Only about 10 percent of those who enter primary school
graduate from secondary school.

15. • Universities offer studies in agriculture,
economics, education, engineering,
geology, law, medicine, sciences,
Higher Education veterinary science, languages,
journalism, and Islamic studies
• Higher education is largely private, with
the capital’s University of Mogadishu
ranking the 29 in Africa’s top 100
universities
• It has six major universities offering
completion of secondary education

16. Teachers are trained in 2 years
On Teacher Education 1972=primary level
1973=secondary level
1978= vocational and technical
education

17. Funded by UNESCO
Non-Formal Education
Focused on Adult Education
Curriculum is centered on
literacy campaign
On site or distance Learning

18. • The future of education in Somalia remains
dim. Divided into three political regions,
violence continues in Somalia, and children
Summary remain its chief victims.
• Those who attend schools find that they
have few resources. Schools at all levels lack
textbooks and decent facilities. Teachers are
poorly trained and poorly paid
• There is no doubt that the Somalis must
first find a way to reform their nation.