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2 Jan.pdf
1.
2.
3. Headlines
Thousands visit Bhima-Koregaon war memorial - Page No.1 , GS 1
‘Mission Parivartan’ - Page No.2 , GS 1,2
India’s dilemmas in an Asian century - Page No.6 , GS 2
Ayes and nays - Page No.6 , GS 2
India-China: between pre-1962 and now - Page No.7 , GS 2
Centre, States to join hands to promote millets consumption - Page No.12 , GS 3
Text and Context - The danger of deepfakes
Text and Context - The advent of ‘app-solute’ chaos in NREGA under the guise of
transparency
Questions (Map, Prelims, Mains)
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8. • The 205th anniversary of the Bhima-Koregaon battle passed
without incident as lakhs of Ambedkarites from across
Maharashtra and the country congregated near
the Ranstambh (victory pillar) at Perne village in Pune on
Sunday under heavy security cover.
• Crowds have been steadily milling in Bhima-Koregaon since
Saturday evening to pay floral tributes to the bravery of the
Mahar soldiers who fought against the Peshwa forces in the
1818 battle.
9. Facts:
• A battle was fought in Bhima Koregaon between the Peshwa
forces and the British on January 1, 1818.
• The British army, which comprised mainly of Dalit soldiers,
fought the upper caste-dominated Peshwa army. The British
troops defeated the Peshwa army.
• Babasaheb Ambedkar’s visit to the site on January 1, 1927,
revitalised the memory of the battle for the Dalit
community, making it a rallying point and an assertion of
pride.
11. • In August last year, Sharmila was among eleven women —
nine from Haryana and one each from Rajasthan and Delhi
— who joined the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) fleet of
bus drivers.
• They made headlines as the first batch under ‘Mission
Parivartan’ — a joint venture of the Delhi government and
automaker Ashok Leyland to induct women drivers for
promoting women’s safety.
• But nothing could brace them for the pitfalls that awaited
them in a male-dominated field.
13. • Today, two major powers — Russia and China — are trying, though in
varying degrees, to undermine the global balance of power, with several
regional powers such as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in tow. Asia may be
headed towards more global prominence, but instability will be its
possessive partner.
• There can be no meaningful Asian century in a unipolar world. One
alternative to a unipolar world is a multipolar world with Russia, China,
Japan, India and other, smaller powers asserting themselves on the global
stage.
• In the words of former Indian foreign secretary H.V. Shringla in 2021, “India
values a multipolar international order, underpinned by international law,
premised upon respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all
countries, resolution of international disputes through peaceful
negotiations, and free and open access for all to the global commons”.
14. • New Delhi has consistently campaigned for a multipolar world where
key Asian powers have a place at the high table of international
politics. Yet it may hesitate to engage the emergent Asian century for
various reasons. For one, the Indian establishment has a deeply
status quoist view of the world order despite its frequent calls for
change.
• Third, if a bipolar world leads to great power accommodation
between the U.S. and China, India’s situation could be worse off.
• Finally, there is little doubt that an Asian century will be a China-
dominated one. China’s growing material power – both economic and
military – is already paving the way for it, especially with the U.S.’s
focus firmly entrenched in the Russia-Ukraine theatre.
16. • Given the regional variations in demographic trends and
economic opportunities, India has a high rate of migration, which
doubled in the census decade of 2001-2011. Migrants often see
their political and economic rights compromised at their place of
origin and residence.
• The Election Commission of India (ECI) has now proposed a
mechanism to facilitate remote voting for domestic migrants. The
Remote Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) prototype can be used
for up to 72 constituencies simultaneously from a single, remote
polling booth.
• Voter participation is comparatively high in India; yet, in 2019,
one in three voters did not turn up. Going by the 2017 Economic
Survey, there are around 14 crore internal migrants in the
country, and they have to cross many hurdles to be able to vote.
18. • The clash between Indian troops and the Chinese PLA at Galwan in 2020
and the recent altercation between troops at Yangtse in Arunachal
Pradesh have served to highlight the lingering boundary dispute as well
as the complex Line of Actual Control (LAC).
• It is tempting to examine the parallels in India-China relations in the
1960s and the current situation along the LAC. Both situations concern
the boundary question, although the focus in the 1950s was on the
fundamental question of the “territorial dispute” involving the whole of
Aksai Chin claimed by India and the whole of NEFA (now Arunachal
Pradesh) claimed by China.
• Today, however, with the Chinese firmly in occupation of Aksai Chin and
India firm in guarding its territorial integrity in Arunachal Pradesh, the
immediate issue has moved on to transgressions along the LAC.
19. • The differences in the western sector (Ladakh) are no longer confined to
Trig Heights in the Daulet Beg Oldie (DBO) area and Demchok in the
south as was the case in earlier decades. The Depsang Bulge, Galwan,
Pangong Lake and Hot Springs are areas where China is seeking to
pressexpedient claims. Since the Galwan incident, the two sides have
disengaged at multiple friction points even as military and diplomatic
talks continue to find a way out of the impasse at Depsang and
Demchok.
• In the middle (central sector), the Barahoti pasture north of Chamoli in
Uttarakhand has been at the centre of the dispute for the past seven
decades.
• In theeastern sector (Arunachal Pradesh), the international boundary
and the LAC are defined by the 1914 McMahon Line, based on the
watershed principle. Yet, China seeks to make inroads in the Tawang
sector as well as other areas such as the Upper Subansiri region, and
further,nearthe tri-junction with Myanmar.
21. • In an effort to promote cultivation and consumption of millets on
a larger scale, the Union government, with the help of various
States and Indian embassies around the globe, has launched the
International Year of Millets (IYM) on Sunday.
• “Millets are important by virtue of their mammoth potential to
generate livelihoods, increase farmers’ income and ensure food
and nutritional security all over the world,” the Ministry said.
22. • India's proposal to observe an International Year of Millets in 2023 was approved
by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in 2018 and the United Nations
General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
• This was adopted by a United Nations Resolution for which India took the lead
and was supported by over 70 nations.
• Millet is a collective term referring to a number of small-seeded annual grasses
that are cultivated as grain crops, primarily on marginal lands in dry areas in
temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.
• Some of the common millets available in India are Ragi (Finger millet), Jowar
(Sorghum), Sama (Little millet), Bajra (Pearl millet), and Variga (Proso millet).
• The earliest evidence for these grains has been found in Indus civilization and
were one of the first plants domesticated for food.
• It is grown in about 131 countries and is the traditional food for around 60 crore
people in Asia & Africa.
• India is the largest producer of millet in the world.
• It Accounts for 20 % of global production and 80% of Asia’s production
23. • India's proposal to observe an International Year of Millets in 2023 was approved
by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in 2018 and the United Nations
General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
• This was adopted by a United Nations Resolution for which India took the lead
and was supported by over 70 nations.
• Millet is a collective term referring to a number of small-seeded annual grasses
that are cultivated as grain crops, primarily on marginal lands in dry areas in
temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.
• Some of the common millets available in India are Ragi (Finger millet), Jowar
(Sorghum), Sama (Little millet), Bajra (Pearl millet), and Variga (Proso millet).
• The earliest evidence for these grains has been found in Indus civilization and
were one of the first plants domesticated for food.
• It is grown in about 131 countries and is the traditional food for around 60 crore
people in Asia & Africa.
• India is the largest producer of millet in the world.
• It Accounts for 20 % of global production and 80% of Asia’s production
24.
25. • Deepfakes are digital media - video, audio, and images edited and manipulated
using Artificial Intelligence. It is basically hyper-realistic digital falsification.
• The first case of malicious use of deepfake was detected in pornography. According
to a sensity.ai, 96% of deepfakes are pornographic videos, with over 135 million
views on pornographic websites alone. Deepfake pornography exclusively targets
women. Pornographic deepfakes can threaten, intimidate, and inflict psychological
harm. It reduces women to sexual objects causing emotional distress, and in some
cases, lead to financial loss and collateral consequences like job loss.
• Media literacy efforts must be enhanced to cultivate a discerning public. Media
literacy for consumers is the most effective tool to combat disinformation and
deepfakes.
• We also need meaningful regulations with a collaborative discussion with the
technology industry, civil society, and policymakers to develop legislative solutions
to disincentivising the creation and distribution of malicious deepfakes.
26.
27. • National Mobile Monitoring Software application is unnecessarily
complicating the lives of workers and is plagued by problems that are
clearly eroding the right to work
• While such an app may be useful in monitoring the attendance of
workers who have fixed work timings, in most States, NREGA wages are
calculated based on the amount of work done each day, and workers do
not need to commit to fixed hours.
• NREGA has historically had a higher proportion of women workers (54.7%
in FY 2021-22) and has been pivotal in changing working conditions for
women in rural areas.
• A stable network is a must for real-time monitoring; unfortunately, it
remains patchy in much of rural India. This could lead to workers not
being able to mark their attendance, and consequently lose a day of
wages.
28.
29. With reference to the Ahilyabai
Holkar, consider the following
statements:
1. She ruled in the Malwa region
during the 18th century.
2. The Sanskrit scholar Khushali Ram
was a courtier of her dynasty.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
अहिल्याबाई िोल्कर क
े संदर्भ में निम्िलिखित
कथिों पर विचार कीजिये:
1. उसिे 18ि ं शताब्दी क
े दौराि माििा क्षेत्र में
शासि ककया था।
2. संस्कृ त क
े विद्िाि िुशािी राम उिक
े िंश क
े
दरबारी थे।
उपरोक्त कथिों में से कौि-सा/से सिी िै/िैं?
A. क
े िि 1
B. क
े िि 2
C. 1 और 2 दोिों
D. ि तो 1 और ि िी 2
30. Answer - C
Explanation :
Recently, the Maharashtra state government is planning to rename the city of
Ahmednagar as ‘Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Nagar’, after the 18th century Malwa queen.
Who is Ahilyabai Holkar?
•Ahilyabai (1725 -1795) was one of the women rulers of Medieval India who belongs to
the Holkar dynasty of the Maratha Empire.
•She married Khanderao Holkar in 1733 at the tender age of 8.
•Her husband was killed in the battle of Kumbher in 1754.
•Ahilyabai is famous for having built numerous forts and roads in the Malwa region,
sponsoring festivals and offering donations to many Hindu temples. Her philanthropy
was reflected in the construction of several temples, ghats, wells, tanks and rest houses
stretching across the length of the country.
•She welcomed stalwarts such as Marathi poet Moropant, Shahir Ananta Gandhi,
and Sanskrit scholar Khushali Ram into her capital.
•John Keay, the British historian, gave the queen the title of ‘The Philosopher
Queen’. She had been an acute observer of the wider political scene.
31. ‘Prahari App’ recently seen in the
news aims to provide
A. personal and service-related
information to BSF Jawans.
B. platform for reporting child
labour
C. platform to submit sexual
harassment at workplace
D. Digital health records of citizens
िाि िी में समाचारों में देिे गए 'प्रिरी ऐप' का उद्देश्य
प्रदाि करिा िै
A. ब एसएफ ििािों को व्यजक्तगत और सेिा संबंध
िािकारी।
B. बाि श्रम की ररपोहटिंग क
े लिए मंच
C. कायभस्थि पर यौि उत्प ड़ि को प्रस्तुत करिे क
े
लिए मंच
D. िागररकों का डिजिटि स्िास््य ररकॉिभ
32. Answer - A
Explanation :
Recently Union Home Minister launched ‘Prahari’ app for Border Security Force
(BSF) Jawans.
About:
•BSF ‘Prahari’ app is a great example of Proactive Governance, now Jawans can get
personal and service related information, housing, Ayushman-CAPF and leave
related information on their mobile.
•Other features of the app include:
• Availability of Bio Data
• Grievance redressal on “Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring
System” (CP-GRAMS)
• information on various welfare schemes.
•The app will also connect the Jawans with the portal of the Ministry of Home
Affairs.
33. With reference to Triple test survey,
consider the following statements:
1. Supreme Court mandated that in
urban local body elections,
reservation to OBCs should be
provided on the basis of the triple
test.
2. It needs to ensure that reservation
for SCs/STs/OBCs taken together
does not exceed an aggregate of 50
per cent of the total seats.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
हिपि टेस्ट सिे क
े संदर्भ में निम्िलिखित कथिों
पर विचार कीजिये:
1. सुप्र म कोटभ िे आदेश हदया कक शिरी स्थाि य
निकाय चुिािों में हिपि टेस्ट क
े आधार पर ओब स
को आरक्षण हदया िाए.
2. यि सुनिजश्चत करिे की आिश्यकता िै कक
अिुसूचचत िानत/अिुसूचचत िििानत/अन्य वपछड़ा
िगभ क
े लिए आरक्षण क
ु ि स टों क
े क
ु ि 50 प्रनतशत
से अचधक ि िो।
उपरोक्त कथिों में से कौि-सा/से सिी िै/िैं?
A. क
े िि 1
B. क
े िि 2
C. 1 और 2 दोिों
D. ि तो 1 और ि िी 2
34. Answer - C
•The five-member commission will conduct a survey to ensure that the OBCs are provided
reservation on the basis of the triple test, as mandated by the Supreme Court. This is the first
time that the triple test exercise will be carried out in Uttar Pradesh.
•Rapid survey:
• The Urban Development Department of the UP government had on April 7, 2017
issued orders to conduct a rapid survey for determining the population of OBCs.
• Based on such a rapid survey in each constituency of a municipality, seats
were reserved in proportion to the population of the backward class of citizens in the
constituency/ward concerned.
What is triple test?
•The triple test requires the government to complete three tasks for finalisation of reservation
to OBCs in the local bodies. These include:
1.To set up a dedicated commission to conduct a rigorous empirical inquiry into the nature
and implications of the backwardness in local bodies;
2.To specify the proportion of reservation required in local bodies in light of
recommendations of the commission, so as not to fall foul of overbreadth;
3.To ensure reservation for SCs/STs/OBCs taken together does not exceed an aggregate of
50 per cent of the total seats.
35. With reference Indian National
Congress (INC), consider the
following statements:
1. AO Hume is credited as the founder
of the organisation.
2. The first session of the INC was
held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit
College, Bombay.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
र्ारत य राष्ट्िीय कांग्रेस (INC) क
े संदर्भ में
निम्िलिखित कथिों पर विचार कीजिये:
1. एओ ह्यूम को संगठि क
े संस्थापक क
े रूप में
श्रेय हदया िाता िै।
2. कांग्रेस का पििा सत्र गोक
ु िदास तेिपाि
संस्कृ त कॉिेि, बॉम्बे में आयोजित ककया गया
था।
उपरोक्त कथिों में से कौि-सा/से सिी िै/िैं?
A. क
े िि 1
B. क
े िि 2
C. 1 और 2 दोिों
D. ि तो 1 और ि िी 2
36. Answer - C
Explanation :
The Indian National Congress (INC), India’s largest opposition party,
marked its 138th foundation day on December 28.
About:
How the Congress was founded?
•The English bureaucrat Allan Octavian Hume or AO Hume is credited as
the founder of the organisation.
•On December 28, 1885, 72 social reformers, journalists and lawyers
congregated for the first session of the INC at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit
College, Bombay.
•At that point, the aim of this group was not to demand independence
from the ongoing colonial rule but to influence the policies of the British
government in favour of Indians.
37. In which one of the following groups
are all the four countries members of
G20? (2020)
a) Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and
South Korea
b) Australia, Canada, Malaysia and
New Zealand
c) Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and
Vietnam
d) Argentina, Mexico, South Africa
and Turkey
निम्िलिखित में से ककस एक समूि में G20
क
े सर् चार देश सदस्य िैं? (2020)
a) इंिोिेलशया, िापाि, लसंगापुर और दक्षक्षण
कोररया
b) ऑस्िेलिया, किािा, मिेलशया और
न्यूि िैंि
c) ब्राि ि, ईराि, सऊदी अरब और
वियतिाम
d) अिेंटीिा, मैजक्सको, दक्षक्षण अफ्रीका और
तुकी
38. Solution: d)
The Group of Twenty (G20) comprises 19 countries (Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia,
Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South
Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States) and the
European Union. The G20 members represent around 85% of the
global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of
the world population.
39.
40.
41.
42. What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do
emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (150
words)
फसि विविध करण क
े सामिे ितभमाि चुिौनतयााँ क्या िैं? उर्रत प्रौद्योचगककयां फसि
विविध करण क
े लिए अिसर क
ै से प्रदाि करत िैं? (150 शब्द)
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