This presentation is about borders of heart.

1. THE HEART AND BORDERS
OF THE HEART

2. INTRODUCTION:
• The heart is an organ of endless fascination the heart begins to
function before any major organ in the human embryo.
• A heartbeat is picked on an embryo that is no more than four weeks
then the heartbeat rhythmically continues throughout the heart.
• Normal heartbeat 70 times per minute.
• 100,000 times a day.

3. LOCATION:
• The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. This
area is called the mediastinum. The base of the cone-shaped heart is
uppermost, behind the sternum, and the great vessels enter or leave
here. The apex (tip) of the heart points downward and is just above
the diaphragm to the left of the midline.

4. PERICARDIAL MEMBRANES:
• The heart is enclosed in the pericardial membranes, of which there are
three layers.
• The outermost is the fibrous pericardium, dense, tough, elastic, and non-
porous.
• Within the pericardium, there are two further layers of the serous
pericardium.
• The outer layer of the serous pericardium is called the parietal pericardium
and is attached to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium and roots of
blood vessels emerge from the heart.
• The parietal layer becomes continues with an inner layer called the visceral
pericardium. It very firmly adheres to the surface of the heart.

5. CHAMBERS:
• The walls of the four chambers of the heart are made of cardiac
muscle called the myocardium. The chambers are lined with
endocardium, simple squamous epithelium that also covers the
valves of the heart
• The upper chambers of the heart are the right and left atria, which
have relatively thin walls and are separated by a common wall of
myocardium called the interatrial septum. The lower chambers are
the right and left ventricles, which have thicker walls and are
separated by the interventricular septum.

6. BORDERS OF THE HEART:
• There are five borders of the heart:
• Right border
• Left border
• Superior border
• Inferior border
• Apex border

7. • RIGHT BORDER:
• It is formed of the anterior right atrium.
• LEFT BORDER:
• It is made up mainly of the left ventricle and left article mainly a small
contribution of the upper end of the border.
• SUPERIOR BORDER:
• It is formed by the right atrium and left atrium but the majority of
part is formed by the right atrium.

8. • INFERIOR BORDER:
• It is formed by the right ventricle and left ventricle but the majority of
the part is formed by the right ventricle.
• APEX BORDER:
• It is formed by the left ventricles.

9. FUNCTIONS:
• Pumping blood around our body as our heartbeat.
• It does this:
• Pumping deoxygenated blood from your body to your
lungs,
• Pumping oxygenated blood to from your lungs to your
body

10. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION