Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.

1. FoodResources
 Food refers to anything eaten by man which gives
energy and which is able to meet physiological
needs for growth of human body
Importance of food
 Food is a source of energy for man. It is used for
maintaining all body processes and activities.
 for physical and mental development
 for protection and regulation of body needs.

2. Sources of food
Princeton societies obtained food mainly through
gathering and hunting.
 Modern societies obtain food through
 cultivation through agriculture
 Domestication of animals
 Fishing
 World food supply
 Ancient period : Through gathering and hunting.
 Agricultural Revolution : with the application of
science and technology world food supply increased
remarkably.

3. World food supply
It includes the adoption of
 Mixed farming
 Good irrigation facilities
 Control of soil erosion
 Quality seeds
 Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
 Good agricultural implements
 Availability of storage and market facilities
 Green Revolution : Resulted in remarkable increase in
food production which made a country self sufficient.
The quality of food also improved.

4. World food Problems
 Large Population - Inspite of green revolution it could
not meet the needs of growing population. agricultural
land got loot due urbanization.
 Energy : Farmers cannot afford fertilizers and
pesticides.
 Land, weather and climate : Agriculture is a gamble on
climatic conditions
 Absence of food security which depends on
 food availability
 purchasing power

5. Food Problems in India
The principle causes of food-shortage in India
• Want of improved methods of cultivation through
science and technology
• Poverty and lack of purchasing power
• Tillers are not in feasts
• Excessive growth of population
• Lack of cold storage facility
• Wastage of food for ignorance of preserving method
• Wastage of food in wrong process of cooking

6. How to solve the food problem of India
• Introduction of improved method of cultivation based
on science and technology
• Improvement of financial and educational status of
Indian cultivators
• Balancing the demand with supply
• Checking population growth
• Increasing production of food grains
• Protection of food from rats, insecticides etc.
• Judicious distribution of available supplies
• Proper public distribution
• Proper transport facilities

7. Over Grazing
 Live stock is an important source food in many
countries including India meat and milk are obtained
from live stock. Hence live stock less to be fed on
grazing lands.
 Adverse effects of over grazing :
• Over Grazing Removes the Vegetation cover of the soil .
 Plant population regeneration capacity is lost
 Exposes the soil
 Exposive leading to less production
 Leads to soil erosion
 Leads to water infiltration capacity of soil

8. Over Grazing
 Live stock is an important source food in many
countries including India meat and milk are obtained
from live stock. Hence live stock less to be fed on
grazing lands.
 Adverse effects of over grazing :
• Over Grazing Removes the Vegetation cover of the soil .
 Plant population regeneration capacity is lost
 Exposes the soil
 Exposive leading to less production
 Leads to soil erosion
 Leads to water infiltration capacity of soil

9. Effects of Modern agriculture
 Modern agriculture refers to carrying on agriculture with
the intensive use of irrigation facilities,
 chemical fertilizers, high yielding varieties of quality seeds,
pesticides and insecticides
 modern form machinery with a view to obtain higher
agricultural productivity and production.
 It’s also called as green revolution.
Benefits of modern agriculture:
 Contributed to high yields of agricultural crops.
 Created awareness, interest among farmers for
implementation of better techniques.
 Improved income for the farmers.
 Rasied the standard of living of farmers.
 Increased employment opportunities.
 Increased the economy of a country.

10. Adverse impact of Modern agriculture
1. Fertilizer related problems.
 Excessive usage of chemical fertilizers lead to a micro
nutrient imbalance in the soil resulting in low
production.
 Nitrogen and phosphorus used in agricultural fields is
washed off and released to the neighbouring water
bodies which causes eutrophication
2. Pesticide related problem.
 Excessive usage of pesticides killed not only the
targeted pests and – insects but also non targeted
species which are useful for agricultural crops and
ecosystem
 Affected the quality of food crops resulting in adverse
human health.

11. Adverse impact of Modern agriculture
3. Water Logging
 excess water gets accumulated in the fields due to
inadequate drainage facilities
 It is because of over irrigation of agricultural fields by
farmers.
 Mechanical strength of water logged soil is reduced.
4. Salinity
 Use of saline water for irrigation
 Presence of excess salt in the soil
 Reduced crop production
5. Genetic diversity of Agricultural crops