1. A PRESENTATION ON

2. DEFINITION
 A Hybrid Vehicle utilizes two distinct
sources of energy to move the vehicle.
 Sources :Gasoline, electric, Biomass,
solar energy , Hydrogen , Ethanol etc.

3. Types of hybrid
 Hybrid vehicles are classified
according to the drive train structure.
1.Parallel Hybrid
2.Series Hybrid
3.Parallel & Series Hybrid

4. 1. PARRALLEL HYBRID
 In Parallel hybrid Parallel hybrid systems have both an
internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor in
parallel connected to a mechanical transmission.
Structure of Parallel hybrid car

5. PARALLEL HYBRID
Advantages :
1.Total efficiency is higher during
cruising and long-distance
highway driving.
2.Large flexibility to switch between
electric and ICE power .
3.Electromotor can be design less
power as compared to series
hybrid
Disadvantages:
1.Rather complicated system.
2.The ICE doesn’t operate in a
narrow or constant RPM range,
thus efficiency drops at low
rotation speed.
Honda Civic IMA

6. 2.SERIES HYBRID
 In series hybrid only electric motor transfer
power to propel the vehicle
Structure of Series Hybrid

7. SERIES HYBRID
Advantages:
1.The combustion engine can
operate in a narrow rpm range
even as the car changes
speed.
 2.Series hybrids are relatively
the most efficient during stop-
and-go city driving.
Disadvantages:
 The power from the
combustion engine has to run
through both the generator and
electric motor. During long-
distance highway driving, the
total efficiency is inferior to a
conventional transmission, due
to the several energy
conversions.
RENAULT KANGOO

8. SERIES & PARRALLEL HYBRID
 It is the combination of both series & parallel system. There is
a double connection between the engine and the drive axle:
mechanical and electrical. This split power path allows
interconnecting mechanical and electrical power, at some cost
in complexity.
Structure of Combined Hybrid

9. SERIES & PARRALLEL HYBRID
Advantages :
1. Maximum flexibility to
switch between electric and
ICE power
2. It is smaller, lighter, and
more efficient ICE design.
Disadvantage :
1.Very complicated system,
more expensive than
parallel hybrid.
2.The efficiency of the power
train transmission is low.
3. More expensive.
Toyota Auris

10. Degree of Hybridization
 Depending on the share of the electromotor to the
traction power these are classified :
1.Mild hybrid / micro hybrid:
Mild hybrids are essentially
conventional vehicles with oversized starter motors,
allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is
coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly and
cleanly. During restart, the larger motor is used to spin
up the engine to operating rpm speeds before injecting
any fuel.
Features:
1. Engine stop when braking.
2. Regenerative braking.

11. 2.Medium hybrid ( = motor assist hybrid) :
Motor assist hybrids use the
engine for primary power, with a torque-boosting
electric motor connected in parallel to a largely
conventional power train. EV mode is only possible
for a very limited period of time
Features:
1. Engine stop when braking.
2. Regenerative braking.
3. Motor assist.

12. 3. Strong hybrid ( = full hybrid) :
A full hybrid EV can run on just the engine, just the batteries,
or a combination of both. A large, high-capacity battery pack is needed for
battery-only operation.
Features:
1. Engine stop when braking.
2. Regenerative braking.
3. EV drive.
4. Motor assist.
4.Plug in hybrid:
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a full hybrid, able to run
in electric-only mode, with larger batteries and the ability to recharge from
the electric power grid. Their main benefit is that they can be gasoline-
independent for daily commuting, but also have the extended range of a
hybrid for long trips
Features:
1. Engine stop when braking.
2. Regenerative braking.
3. EV drive.
4. Motor assist.
5. Plug-in.

13. Advantages of Hybrid cars
1. Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.
But cut down emissions of global-warming
pollutants by a third to a half.
2.Later models may cut these emissions
down by even more.

14. 2. Regenerative braking actually makes city
driving more economical than on the
highway.
3. Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).
4. Emissions are greatly decreased.
5. Dependency on fossils fuels can be
decreased.
6. Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as
well.

15. Disadvantages of Hybrid cars
 More expensive- Honda Civic begins
at $15,000, Civic Hybrid begins at
$22,600.
 Parts can be very expensive to repair.
(between $5,000 and $8,000 for a
battery)
 Slower than gas-powered cars.

16. Brief History
 1900 - Ferdinand Porsche developed
a gasoline-electric hybrid
 1997 – Toyota Prius
 1999 – Honda Insight
 2000 – Hybrids become core market

17. Future of Hybrid Cars