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FIIL DAN ISM DALAM
AL-QUR`AN
‫الثبوت‬ ‫و‬ ‫الدوام‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫اإلسمية‬ ‫الجملة‬
‫التجدد‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫الفعلية‬ ‫و‬
◦ Kalimat nominal menunjukkan keterus-terusan dan kalimat verbal menunjukkann pada
perubahan.
◦
ِ‫يد‬ ِ
‫ص‬َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫اع‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ذ‬ ٌ‫ط‬ ِ
‫اس‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬
ْ
‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
◦
‫ون‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫اه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ة‬
َ
‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬ َ
‫ون‬ُ‫يم‬ِ‫ق‬ُ‫ي‬ َ
‫ين‬ ِ‫ذ‬
َّ
‫ال‬
‫كان‬ yang melekat pada fiil madhi dan
mudhori’
◦
‫لفظ‬‫بعد‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫المضا‬‫صيغة‬
"
‫كان‬
"
‫ذلك‬‫على‬‫المداومة‬‫و‬‫ار‬‫ر‬‫التك‬‫ثرة‬‫ك‬‫على‬‫يدل‬
◦
‫المثل‬
:
.1
‫ي‬ ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫اة‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫الز‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ة‬
َ
‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ا‬ ُ‫ر‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
‫ا‬
(
55
)
.2
‫ا‬ً‫ط‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ش‬ ِ َّ
‫اَّلل‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫يه‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ُ
‫ول‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬
(
4
)
.3
ُ‫اد‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ف‬ ِ
‫ن‬ ِ
‫ج‬
ْ
‫ال‬ َ
‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٍ
‫ال‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ َ
‫ون‬ ُ‫وذ‬ ُ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ِ
‫س‬ْ‫ن‬ِ
ْ
‫اْل‬ َ
‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ
‫ال‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬
‫ا‬ً‫ق‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫وه‬
(
6
)
.4
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ز‬ ُ‫ه‬
َ
‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ َ‫ي‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ ُ‫ه‬
َ
‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫و‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬
َ
‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫اس‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ع‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ات‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬
ْ
‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ
‫ون‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬‫وا‬ُ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫غ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ون‬
َ
‫ين‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ
‫اش‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬
َ
‫ل‬‫وا‬ُ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬
(
90
)
◦ Apabila khabar ‫كان‬ berupa kata kerja madhi dan ism, maka menunjukkan masa
lampau, kecuali apabila ada qarinah yang menunjukkan pada makna mudawamah /
kontinuitas.
◦ Seperti redaksi kalimat berikut :
◦
‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ َّ
‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬
◦
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ َ
‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ُ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬‫وا‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ر‬ ِ
‫خ‬
َ‫آ‬ ْ
‫ال‬ ِ
‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬
ْ
‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ِ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ِ‫ب‬‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
َ‫آ‬
‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬
َ
‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬ َ‫اذ‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
ْ‫م‬
‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
(
39
)
‫بالمضارع‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫شأن‬ ‫من‬
‫الحدث‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الواقع‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫تصوير‬ ‫إلفادة‬
◦ Diantara kebiasaan orang Arab mengungkapkan peristiwa masa lampau, bahwa itu sedang
terjadi untuk memggambarkan situasi sebenarnya ketika peristiwa terjadi
◦
ْ‫و‬
َ
‫ل‬َ‫و‬
‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬
ْ
‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬
‫ى‬َّ‫ف‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬
َ
‫ين‬ ِ‫ذ‬
َّ
‫ال‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ك‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬
َ
‫َل‬َ‫م‬
ْ
‫ال‬
ْ‫ض‬َ‫ي‬
َ
‫ون‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫وه‬ُ‫ج‬ ُ‫و‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬
‫وا‬ُ‫وق‬ ُ‫ذ‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬
َ
‫اب‬
ِ
‫يق‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
ْ
‫ال‬
(
50
)
‫عن‬ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫ر‬ّ‫ب‬‫تع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫شأن‬ ‫من‬
‫الوقوع‬ ‫التحقق‬ ‫على‬ ‫تنبيها‬ ‫المستقبل‬
◦ Diantara kebiasaan dalam Bahasa Arab adalah mengungkapkan peristiwa yang akan terjadi di
masa depan dengan menggunakan kata kerja masa lampau (madhi), hal itu untuk menegaskan
peristiwa itu pasti terjadi.
◦
َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ
‫ع‬ِ‫ز‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬‫و‬ُّ‫الص‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫خ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ات‬
(
87
)
◦
ْ
‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ
‫ق‬ ِ‫ع‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬‫و‬ُّ‫الص‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫خ‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
‫مثاال‬ ‫هات‬
!

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kaidah perbedaan fiil dan ism.pptx

  • 1. FIIL DAN ISM DALAM AL-QUR`AN
  • 2. ‫الثبوت‬ ‫و‬ ‫الدوام‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫اإلسمية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫التجدد‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫الفعلية‬ ‫و‬ ◦ Kalimat nominal menunjukkan keterus-terusan dan kalimat verbal menunjukkann pada perubahan. ◦ ِ‫يد‬ ِ ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ ْ ‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫اع‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ذ‬ ٌ‫ط‬ ِ ‫اس‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬ ْ ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ◦ ‫ون‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫اه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ة‬ َ ‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫يم‬ِ‫ق‬ُ‫ي‬ َ ‫ين‬ ِ‫ذ‬ َّ ‫ال‬
  • 3. ‫كان‬ yang melekat pada fiil madhi dan mudhori’ ◦ ‫لفظ‬‫بعد‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫المضا‬‫صيغة‬ " ‫كان‬ " ‫ذلك‬‫على‬‫المداومة‬‫و‬‫ار‬‫ر‬‫التك‬‫ثرة‬‫ك‬‫على‬‫يدل‬ ◦ ‫المثل‬ : .1 ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫اة‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫الز‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ا‬ ُ‫ر‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ( 55 ) .2 ‫ا‬ً‫ط‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ش‬ ِ َّ ‫اَّلل‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫يه‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ُ ‫ول‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ( 4 ) .3 ُ‫اد‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ف‬ ِ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ج‬ ْ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٍ ‫ال‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ون‬ ُ‫وذ‬ ُ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ِ ‫س‬ْ‫ن‬ِ ْ ‫اْل‬ َ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ ‫ال‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫وه‬ ( 6 ) .4 َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ز‬ ُ‫ه‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ َ‫ي‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ ُ‫ه‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫و‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫اس‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ع‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ات‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ْ ‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬‫وا‬ُ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ َ‫غ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ون‬ َ ‫ين‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ ‫اش‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ َ ‫ل‬‫وا‬ُ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ ( 90 )
  • 4. ◦ Apabila khabar ‫كان‬ berupa kata kerja madhi dan ism, maka menunjukkan masa lampau, kecuali apabila ada qarinah yang menunjukkan pada makna mudawamah / kontinuitas. ◦ Seperti redaksi kalimat berikut : ◦ ‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ َّ ‫اَّلل‬ َّ ‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬ ◦ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ َّ ‫اَّلل‬ َ ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ُ َّ ‫اَّلل‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬‫وا‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ر‬ ِ ‫خ‬ َ‫آ‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬ ْ ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ِ َّ ‫اَّلل‬ِ‫ب‬‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬ َ ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬ َ‫اذ‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ً‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ( 39 )
  • 5. ‫بالمضارع‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫شأن‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحدث‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الواقع‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫تصوير‬ ‫إلفادة‬ ◦ Diantara kebiasaan orang Arab mengungkapkan peristiwa masa lampau, bahwa itu sedang terjadi untuk memggambarkan situasi sebenarnya ketika peristiwa terjadi ◦ ْ‫و‬ َ ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ ْ ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ف‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ َ ‫ين‬ ِ‫ذ‬ َّ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬ َ ‫َل‬َ‫م‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ْ‫ض‬َ‫ي‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫وه‬ُ‫ج‬ ُ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫وق‬ ُ‫ذ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ َ ‫اب‬ ِ ‫يق‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ( 50 )
  • 6. ‫عن‬ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫ر‬ّ‫ب‬‫تع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫شأن‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقوع‬ ‫التحقق‬ ‫على‬ ‫تنبيها‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ◦ Diantara kebiasaan dalam Bahasa Arab adalah mengungkapkan peristiwa yang akan terjadi di masa depan dengan menggunakan kata kerja masa lampau (madhi), hal itu untuk menegaskan peristiwa itu pasti terjadi. ◦ َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ ‫ع‬ِ‫ز‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬‫و‬ُّ‫الص‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫خ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ ‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ات‬ ( 87 ) ◦ ْ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ ‫ق‬ ِ‫ع‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬‫و‬ُّ‫الص‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫خ‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ ‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬