2. TOPICS COVERED IN
THIS PRESENTATION
What is Android?
History of Android.
Versions of Android.
Architecture of Android system.
About the Mascot of Android.
Market share of Android Systems.
Features of Android.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Android.
Applications of Android.
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3. WHAT IS ANDROID?
Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating
System for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet
computers.
Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led
by Google, and other companies.
Android offers a unified approach to application
development for mobile devices which means developers
need to develop only for Android, and their applications
should be able to run on different devices powered by
Android.
The source code for Android is available under free and
open source software licenses.
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4. HISTORY OF ANDROID
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October
2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White.
The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced
operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its
pitch to investors in April 2004.
The company then decided that the market for cameras was not
large enough for its goals, and by five months later it had diverted its
efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that
would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.
In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million.
On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance,
a consortium of technology companies including Google, device
manufacturers such as HTC, Motorola and Samsung, wireless
carriers such as Sprint and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such
as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to
develop "the first truly open and comprehensive platform for
mobile devices".
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6. ANDROID 1.0
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was
released on September 23, 2008.The first commercially available
Android device was the HTC Dream. Android 1.0 incorporated the
following features:
Android Market allowed application downloads and updates
through the Market application
Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web
pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards")
Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to
change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.
Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into
a single folder icon on the Home screen
Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP
Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application
Google Contacts synchronization with the People application
….and many more
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7. ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE
On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based
on Linux kernel 2.6.27.This was the first release to officially use a
codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme which would
be used for all releases henceforth. The update included several new
features and UI amendments.
Auto-rotation option
New stock boot animation
Ability to upload videos to YouTube
Ability to upload photos to Picasa
Copy and paste features in web browser
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8. ANDROID 1.6 DONUT
On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was
released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29. Included in the update
were numerous new features:
Support for WVGA screen resolutions
Speed improvements in searching and
camera applications
Ability for users to select multiple photos for
deletion
Enhanced to include bookmark history,
contacts and the web
Android application to "speak" a string of text
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9. ANDROID 2.0 ECLAIR
On October 26, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based
on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair. Changes include
the ones listed below.
Bluetooth 2.1 support
Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI
Support for more screen sizes and resolutions,
with better contrast ratio
MotionEvent class enhanced to track
multi-touch events
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10. ANDROID 2.2 FROYO
On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen
yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.
Speed, memory, and performance optimizations[59]
Adobe Flash support
Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk
docks
Support for numeric and alphanumeric
passwords
Support for file upload fields in the
Browser application
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11. ANDROID 2.3GINGERBREAD
On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was
released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35. Changes included:
Updated user interface design with
increased simplicity and speed
Native support for SIP VoIP internet
telephony
Enhanced support for native
code development
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12. ANDROID 3.0HONEYCOMB
On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the
first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux
kernel 2.6.36.[ The first device featuring this version, the Motorola
Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011. The update's
features included:
Hardware acceleration
Support for multi-core processors
Ability to encrypt all user data
HTTPS stack improved with
Server Name Indication (SNI)
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module)
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13. ANDROID 4.0 ICE CREAM
SANDWICH
The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux
kernel 3.0.1, was publicly released on October 19, 2011.
Major refinements to the "Holo" interface
with new Roboto font family
Support for the WebP image format
Hardware acceleration of the UI
Wi-Fi Direct
1080p video recording for stock
Android devices
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14. ANDROID 4.1 JELLY BEAN
Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google
I/O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31,
Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of
improving the functionality and performance of the user interface.
Smoother user interface
Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline
CPU input boost
Synchronizing touch to vsync timing
User-installable keyboard maps
Expandable notifications
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15. ANDROID 4.4 KITKAT
Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013.
Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the
name was changed because "very few people actually know the
taste of a key lime pie.
Refreshed interface with white elements
instead of blue
Wireless printing capability
Native infrared blaster API
Verified boot
Enforcing SELinux
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16. ANDROID 5.0 LOLLIPOP
Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android
L" on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O.
Support for 64-bit CPUs
Support for print previews
Project Volta, for battery life improvements
Audio input and output through USB devices
User-customizable priorities for application
notifications
Smart lock feature
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17. ANDROID 6.0MARSHMALLOW
Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename
"Android M" during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for
the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones.
Contextual search from keywords within apps.
App Standby feature
Application search bar and favorites
Native fingerprint reader support
Larger Application folders with multiple pages
Post-install/run-time permission requests
Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb”
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18. ANDROID 7.0 NOUGAT
Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the major 7.0
release of the Android operating system.
Ability to display color calibration
Ability to screen zoom
Ability to switch apps by double tapping in
overview button
Added Emergency information part
Added the "Clear All" button in Overview
screen
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19. ANDROID 8.0 OREO
Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating
system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 21,
2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices.
Picture-in-picture support
Adaptive icons
App-specific unknown sources
Multi-display support
2 times faster boot time
Google Play Protect
Downloadable fonts
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21. ARCHITECTURE OF ANDROID
SYSTEMS
Linux kernel:- This provides basic system functionality like process
management, memory management, device management like
camera, keypad, display etc.
Libraries:- On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including
open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc,
SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of
application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL
libraries responsible for Internet security etc.
Android Runtime:- This is the third section of the architecture and
available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a
key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java
Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.
Application Framework:- The Application Framework layer provides
many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes.
Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their
applications.
Applications:- You will find all the Android application at the top layer.
You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples
of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games, etc.
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22. ABOUT MASCOT OF
ANDROID
The mascot of Android is a green android robot, as related to
the software's name. Although it has no official name, the Android
team at Google reportedly call it "Bugdroid".
Due to Android's high popularity in the 2010s, it has become
one of the most recognizable icons in the technology world.
It was designed by then-Google graphic designer Irina Blok on
November 5, 2007 when Android was announced. She was
tasked with a project to create an icon.
Its popularity amongst the development team eventually led to
Google adopting it as an official icon as part of the Android logo
when it launched to consumers in 2008.
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23. MARKET SHARE OF
ANDROID SYSTEMS
Research company Canalys estimated in the second quarter of
2009, that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smart phone
shipments.
By May 2010, Android had a 10% worldwide smart phone
market share, overtaking Windows Mobile, whilst in the US
Android held a 28% share, overtaking iPhone OS.
In September 2015, Google announced that Android had
1.4 billion monthly active users. This changed to 2 billion monthly
active users in May 2017.
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24. FEATURES
Interface :- Android's default user interface is mainly based
on direct manipulation, using touch inputs that loosely
correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping,
pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen
objects, along with a virtual keyboard.
Applications:- Applications ("apps"), which extend the
functionality of devices, are written using the Android software
development kit (SDK)and, often, the Java programming.
Memory management :- Since Android devices are usually
battery-powered, Android is designed to manage processes to
keep power consumption at a minimum. When an application is
not in use the system suspends its operation so that, while
available for immediate use rather than closed, it does not use
battery power or CPU resources
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25. ADVANTAGES OF ANDROID
OPERATING SYSTEM
Advantages of Android Operating System
Android Google Developer
Android Users – Billion of USERS
Android Multitasking
Google Play Store App free Download for Android – Millions of
Apps
Android Notification – Easy Access
Android Widget – Several Widgets
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26. DISADVANTAGES OF ANDROID
OPERATING SYSTEM
Disadvantages of Android Operating system:
Android Advertisement pop-ups
Android require Gmail ID
Android Battery Drain is more.
Android Malware/Virus/Security is less than other devices.
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