Female Reproductive system.....physiology

1. Female Reproductive System

2. Introduction

3. External Female Structures
Collectively, the external female reproductive
organs are called the Vulva.
Mons Pubis.
Labia Majora
Labia Minora.
Clitoris.
Vestibule.
Perineum

5. Internal Female Structures
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

6. Fallopian tubes
 The two tubes extended from the cornu of the uterus
to the ovary.
 Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
 Its divided into 4 parts.

7. Functions
Gamete transport (ovum pickup, ovum
transport, sperm transport).
Final maturation of gamete post ovulate oocyte
maturation, sperm capicitation.
Fluid environment for early embryonic
development.
Transport of fertilized and unfertilized ovum
to the uterus.

8. Ovaries
 Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness, 2.5 cm in
width and 3.5 cm in length respectively. Each
weights about 4–8 gm.
 Ovary is located on each side of the uterus, below
and behind the uterine tubes

9. Structure of the ovaries
Cortex
Medulla
Hilum
Function of the ovary
Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
Production of ova

10. Uterus
The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped muscular
organ.
The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm
and weight about 50 – 60 gm.
Its normal position is anteverted (rotated
forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed
forward)
The uterus divided into three parts

11. Parts of Uterus

12. Layers of the uterus
 Perimetrium.
 Myometrium.
 Endometrium.

13. Endometrium
Is the inner layer of the uterus.
It is responsive to the cyclic
variations of estrogen and
progesterone during the female
reproductive cycle every month.

14. The Function of the uterus
Menstruation ----the uterus sloughs off the
endometrium.
Pregnancy ---the uterus support fetus and
allows the fetus to grow.
Labor and birth---the uterine muscles contract
and the cervix dilates during labor to expel the
fetus

15. Vagina
It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube and
membranous tissue about 8 to 10 cm long.
Lying between the bladder anteriorly and
the rectum posteriorly.
The reaction of the vagina is acidic, the pH
is 4.5 that protects the vagina against
infection.

16. Functions of the vagina
To allow discharge of the menstrual flow.
As the female organs of coitus.
To allow passage of the fetus from the uterus.
Bony Pelvis Is Composed of 4 bones:
1. Two hip bones.
2. Sacrum.
3. Coccyx.