2. Submitted by
Intake: 11th, section: 01
Department of EEE
Supervised by
Md. Abdullah Al Hadi
Lecturer
Department of EEE, BUBT
Name ID
Choton Majumder 13142108013
Md. Sadikur Rahman Samrat 13142108019
Saidur Rahman 13142108020
Razib Mahamud 13142108036
Sweet Parvez 13142108045
3. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Introduction
Photovoltaic Modules
Boost converter
MPPT
Battery Storage
Permanent Magnet DC Motor
The System Solar Water Pump
System Simulation
Future goal
5. INTRODUCTION (continue…)
*2015 solar power capacity 228 GW and 2016 solar power capacity 303 GW in the world.
Renewable Energy in Bangladesh
Technology
Off Grid
(MW)
On Grid
(MW)
Total
(MW)
Solar 255.21 16.64 271.85
Wind 2 0.90 2.90
Hydro - 230 230
Biogas to
Electricity
0.68 - 0.68
Biomass to
Electricity
0.40 - 0.40
Total 258.29 247.54 505.83
Load Type
Load
Number
Solar Home System 5187069
Solar Irrigation 999
Solar Drinking Water
System
152
Solar Street Light 34194
Improved Cook Stove 3640615
Improved Rice
Parboiling System
75
Biogas plant 73152
Solar Energy Share = 1.67%
6. PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
Solar panels are devices that convert light into electricity. Some scientists called photovoltaic cell.
Fig: Illustrated side view of solar cell and the conducting
current
Fig: The p-n junction of PV cell showing hole-electron
pairs created by photons
7. Fig: Equivalent Model of Single Diode
Solar Cell.
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE(continue…)
Fig: Equivalent Model of Double Diode
Solar Cell.
Fig: Voltage vs Time. Fig: Current vs Time.
Voltage(V)
Time Time
Current(A)
𝐼 𝑝ℎ
8. Photovoltaic cell design:
The mathematical equation of the model is:
𝐼 = 𝐼 𝑝ℎ − 𝐼𝑠1 ∙ 𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝑉 + 𝐼 ∙ 𝑅 𝑠
𝑁 ∙ 𝑉𝑡
− 1 − 𝐼𝑠2 ∙ 𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝑉 + 𝐼 ∙ 𝑅 𝑠
𝑁2 ∙ 𝑉𝑡
− 1 −
𝑉 + 𝐼 ∙ 𝑅 𝑠
𝑅 𝑃
Reverse saturation current of diode:
𝐼𝑠1 = 𝐼𝑠 ∙
𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝑟
3
𝑁
∙ 𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝐸𝑔
𝑁 ∙ 𝑉𝑡
𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝑟
− 1
𝐼𝑠2 = 𝐼𝑠_2 ∙
𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝑟
3
𝑁2
∙ 𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝐸𝑔
𝑁2 ∙ 𝑉𝑡
𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝑟
− 1 Fig: Equivalent circuit of two diode
model
𝐼 𝑝ℎ = 𝐼𝑠𝑐 + 𝐾𝑖 ∙ 𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑟 ∙
𝑆
1000
𝐼𝑠1 𝐼𝑠2
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE(continue…)
Ref- Gow, J.A. and C.D. Manning. “Development of a Photovoltaic Array Model for Use in Power-Electronics Simulation Studies.” IEEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, Vol. 146, No. 2, 1999, pp. 193–
200.
14. Fig: I-V Characteristic for difference Irradiance. Fig: P-V Characteristic for difference Irradiance.
Photovoltaic cell Characteristic
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE(continue…)
15. BOOST CONVERTER
A boost converter is a DC-to-DC converter with an output voltage greater than the source voltage.
Fig: Basic Boost Converter Circuit Fig: The two current paths of a boost converter,
depending on the state of the switch S.
S
operation
operation
16. BOOST CONVERTER(continue…)
There are two mode of boost converter.
1. Continuous mode.
2. Discontinuous mode.
Fig: Waveforms of current and voltage in a boost
converter operating in continuous mode.
Fig: Waveforms of current and voltage in a boost
converter operating in discontinuous mode.
𝑉0=𝑉𝑖
1+ 1+
4𝐷2
𝐾
2
𝐾 =
2𝐿
𝑅𝑇
Where,
Output Voltage,
19. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT)
MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is algorithm that included in charge controllers used for extracting maximum
available power from PV module under certain conditions.
How MPPT works?
20. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT)
(continue…)
MPPT Incremental Conductance Technique
21. Fig: Incremental Conductance MPPT Technique simulated in MATLAB Simulink.
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT)
(continue…)
22. BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM
Add a battery to solar system and enjoy the power to use solar even when the sun goes down.
Battery Capacity and Power:
25. Advantages of Salt Water Batteries:
BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM(continue…)
1. Low Cost - Much lower cost of ownership compared to AGM, GEL, Lithium Ion, or lead-acid
batteries.
2. Sustainable - Made with non-toxic materials, no acids, no lithium.
3. Safe - Non-flammable, non-explosive, non-corrosive, with no dangerous or toxic components.
4. 100% Discharge - The extreme deep cycle batteries can be fully discharged without hurting the battery.
And standing at partial charge is OK.
5. No Thermal Management - OK for hot or cold climate with minimal ventilation needed.
6. Long Life: Minimum degradation with 3,000 or more charge cycles.
26. PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR
A DC Motor whose poles are made of Permanent Magnets is known as Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) Motor.
Fig: PMDC motor
27. PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR(continue…)
Fig: PMDC motor Torque(Ta) vs Armature current(Ia), Speed(N) vs Ia and Ta curve
28. PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR(continue…)
Advantages of PMDC Motor:
For smaller ratings, use of permanent magnets reduces
manufacturing cost.
No need of field excitation winding, hence construction is simpler.
No need of electrical supply for field excitation, hence PMDC
motor is relatively more efficient.
Relatively smaller in size
Cheap in cost
29. Permanent Magnet DC Motor Model:
Fig: PMDC motor Model
PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR(continue…)
𝑉𝑡 = 𝐼 𝑎 ∗ 𝑅 𝑎 + 𝐿 𝑎𝑎 ∗
𝑑𝐼 𝑎
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐾 𝑚 ∗ 𝑊𝑚
Fig: Equivalent circuit of a permanent
magnetic DC motor.
31. DESIGN PROCESS:
THE SYSTEM SOLAR WATER PUMP (continue…)
Step 1 – Water Requirement:
Application Approximation usage
Each person, for all
purposes
18 gallon per day
(1 gallon=4.54609 Liter )
Each cow 54 gallon per day
Kitchen 54 gallon per day
Other 25 gallon per day
Step 2 – Water Source:
The water source may be either subsurface (a well) or surface (a pond, stream, or spring).
Step 3 – System Layout:
Water source
Pump
PV panels
Storage tanks
Points of use (i.e. water troughs)
32. THE SYSTEM SOLAR WATER PUMP (continue…)
Step 4 – Water Storage:
A water storage tank is normally an essential element in an economically viable solar powered water pump system.
The area where the tank is to be placed must be stripped of all organic material, debris, roots, and sharp objects, such
as rocks. The ground should then be leveled.
Step 5 – Solar Insolation and PV Panel Location:
The solar array should be placed as close to the pump as possible to minimize the electric wire length (and thus any
energy loss), as well as installation costs.
Step 6 – Design Flow Rate for the Pump :
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
450 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑑𝑎𝑦
6 ℎ𝑟/𝑑𝑎𝑦
= 75 𝑔𝑎𝑙/ℎ𝑟
= 1.25 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
33. Step 7 – Total Dynamic Head (TDH) for the Pump:
THE SYSTEM SOLAR WATER PUMP (continue…)
TDH = Vertical Lift + Pressure Head. + Friction Losses.
Step 8 – Pump Selection and Associated Power Requirement:
34. THE SYSTEM SOLAR WATER PUMP (continue…)
Step 9 – PV Panel Selection and Array Layout:
Once the peak power requirement for the selected pump is known, this value can be used to select the solar panel or array of
panels required to supply that power.
When multiple panels are required, they must be wired in series, parallel, or a combination of series-parallel to meet both the
voltage and amperage requirements of the pump
Step 10– Water Flow Rates and Delivery Point Pressure:
The entire system, including the PV panels, pump, pipe, and any storage tanks, must be analyzed to ensure that the design
flow rates can be delivered to the delivery point(s) at the required pressure(s) in order to properly operate the valves
Step 11 – Summary Description of the System:
•All system components and their specifications.
•System operating characteristics, such as required voltages,
amperages, wattages, etc.
Special considerations required in the system design, including
environmental factors
35. SYSTEM SIMULATION
Fig: PV cell Fig: Boost converter Fig: PMDC motor Fig: Pump
PV Water Pumping System
Battery coupled PV Water Pumping SystemDirect coupled PV Water Pumping System
40. Which PV Water Pumping System are best?
A. Direct coupled PV Water Pumping System
B. Battery coupled PV Water Pumping System
SYSTEM SIMULATION(continue…)
