3. The Godavari is India’s second longest river after the Ganga
Dakshina Ganga (Ganga of South India) – River Godavari
Godavari “Dakshin Ganga ” flows over seven states in
India
These states include
o Maharashtra (48.6%),
o Telangana (18.8%),
o Andhra Pradesh (4.5%)
o Chhattisgarh (10.9%),
o Madhya Pradesh (10%),
o Odisha (5.7%), and
o Karnataka (1.4%)
Godavari
4. PLACE WHERE GODAVARI STARTS
The river Godavari,
originates its journey
from the hills of
Brahmagiri of the
Western Ghats at
Triambakeshwar, in the
district of Nasik in
Maharashtra.
5. Godavari originates 80km from the Arabian sea in the western
Ghats of central India near Nasik in Maharashtra.
It flows for 1465km,First eastwards across thee deccan pleateau
then turns south east entering the west godavari district & East
godavari district of A.P,Untill it splits into two watercourses that
widen into a large river delta and flow into the Bay of Bengal.
6. Physical characteristics
Source
Location : Bramhagiri mountain, Tryambakeshwar, Nashik
Elevation : 920 m
Mouth
Location : Antarvedi into Bay of Bengal, East Godavari, AP
Basin size : 3,12,812 km2
Discharge
Average Discharge : 3,505 m3/s
Minimum discharge: 7 m3/s
Maximum discharge : 34,606 m3/s
7. The Godavari River has a coverage area of 312,812 km2, which is nearly
one-tenth of the area of India
In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari river is the
largest in peninsular India, and had been dubbed as the Vridha Ganga
The river delta supports 729 persons/km2 – nearly twice the density
average for the nation
Categorized as having substantial to greater risk of flooding with rising sea
levels.
The river has highest flood flows in India and experienced recorded flood
of 3.6 million cusecs in the year 1986 and annual flood of 1.0 million cusecs
is normal.
8. Drainage Area
State Statewise Drainage Area (Km2)
Maharashtra 152,199
Andhra Pradesh 73,201
Madhya Pradesh 31,821
Chhattisgarh 33,434
Odisha 17,752
Karnataka 4,406
Total Drainage Area of Godavari
Basin (Km2)
312,813
9. Godavari enters into Telangana in
Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where
Manjira, Haridra rivers joins Godavari and
forms Triveni Sangamam
In Telangana state it flows through the districts of
Adilabad,Karimnagar,Warangal, Khammanand in
A.P. EastGodavariand WestGodavari.
Within the state of Andhra Pradesh, it flows
through hilly terrain of the Eastern
Ghats known as the Papi hills
Before crossing the Papi hills, it receives its
last major tributary Sabari River on its left
bank
10. • At Rajamahendravaram, the Godavari splits into
two branches which are called Vriddha Gautami
(Gautami Godavari) and Vasishta Godavari.
• Again the Gautami branch splits into two
branches namely Gautami and Nilarevu. Similarly,
the Vasishta splits into two branches named
Vasishta and Vainateya.
• These four branches which join the Bay of
Bengal at different places, are forming a delta of
length 170 km along the coast of the Bay of
Bengal and is called the Konaseema region. This
delta along with the delta of the Krishna River is
called the Rice Granary of South India.
11. Tributaries
• Left bank tributaries include Purna, Pranhitha, Indravati, Sabari
covering nearly 59.7% of the total catchment area of the basin
• Right bank tributaries Pravara, Manjira, Manair together contributing
16.1% of the basin.
• Pranhita is the largest tributary covering about 34% of its drainage basin
• Manjira is the longest tributary and holds the Nizam Sagar reservoir.
• Purna is a prime river in the water scarce Marathwada region
of Maharashtra.
12.
13. Major Tributaries of Godavari River
Tributary Bank Confluence Location Confluence Elevation Length Sub-basin area
Pravara Right
Pravara
Sangam, Ahmednagar,
Maharashtra
463 m (1,519 ft) 208 km (129 mi)
6,537 km2(2,524 sq
mi)
Purna Left
Jambulbet, Parbhani,
Maharashtra
358 m (1,175 ft) 373 km (232 mi)
15,579 km2(6,015 s
q mi)
Manjira Right
Kandakurthi,
Nizamabad, Telangana
332 m (1,089 ft) 724 km (450 mi)
30,844 km2(11,909
sq mi)
Manair Right
Arenda,Karimnagar,
Telangana
115 m (377 ft) 225 km (140 mi)
13,106 km2(5,060 s
q mi)
Pranhita Left
Kaleshwaram,
Karimnagar, Telangana
99 m (325 ft) 113 km (70 mi)
109,078 km2(42,11
5 sq mi)
Indravati Left
Somnoor
Sangam, Gadchiroli,
Maharashtra
82 m (269 ft) 535 km (332 mi)
41,655 km2(16,083
sq mi)
Sabari Left
Kunawaram, East
Godavari,
Andhra Pradesh
25 m (82 ft) 418 km (260 mi)
20,427 km2(7,887 s
q mi)
14. Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects
• The main Godavari River up to the confluence with Pranhita tributary
is dammed fully to utilize the available water for irrigation.
• However, its main tributaries Pranhita, Indravati and Sabari which join
in the lower reaches of the basin, carry three times more water
compared to main Godavari.
• In 2015, the water surplus Godavari River is linked to the water
deficit Krishna River by commissioning the Polavaram right bank
canal with the help of Pattiseema lift scheme to augment water
availability to the Prakasam Barrage located in Andhra Pradesh.
• More dams are constructed in the Godavari River basin than in any
other river basin of India
15. Gangapur Dam
• Thefirst dam built on the river
Godavari is at Gangapur
• Due to silt deposition in the reservoir
area, the storage capacity of the dam
has gradually reduced. The right side
canal running towards Nashik is also
closed due to the high civilization in
the area. For these two reasons, an
upstream dam, Kashyapi Dam, is
constructed which opened in 1998.
Type of dam Earthfill
Impounds Godavari river
Height 36.59 m (120.0 ft)
Length 3,902 m (12,802 ft)
Dam volume 4,612 km
3
(1,106 cu mi)
Total capacity 0.203880 km
3
(0.048913 cu mi)
Surface area 22,860 km
2
(8,830 sq mi
Official name Gangapur Dam D01034
Location Nasik
Opening date 1965
Owner(s) Government of
Maharashtra, India
16. • Main purpose is to irrigate land for
agriculture in the drought prone
Marathwada region of Maharashtra
state
• Irrigates cultivable area of 2,37,452
hectares in the districts of Aurangabad,
Jalna, Beed, Ahmednagar and Parbhani
through its left and right canals.
• The length of left bank canal is 208 km
& the length of right bank canal is
132 km
Official name Jayakwadi-I D02995
Location Jayakwadi, Maharashtra
Construction began 1965, Lal Bahadur Shastri
Opening date 1976, Indira Gandhi
Construction cost 4,700 cr
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Earthen dam
Impounds Godavari River
Height 41.30 m (135 ft)
Length
Gates
9,998 m (32,802 ft)
27
Reservoir
Creates Nath Sagar Jalashay)
Total capacity 2.909 km
3
(1.027×10
11
cu ft)
Catchment area 21,750 km
2
(8,398 sq mi)
Surface area 350 km
2
(135 sq mi)
Power Station
Installed capacity 12 MW
17.
18. Sriram Sagar Project(Pochampadu Project)
• The foundation was laid on 26 July 1963 by
the late Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime
Minister of India
• 42 floodgates
• Most of the catchment area upstream of
this dam is located in Maharashtra
• In the catchment area of this dam,
Maharashtra has constructed many medium
and minor irrigation projects in excess of its
water use entitlements under Godavari
Water Disputes Tribunal ( GWDT ).
• In last nine years, the dependable water
availability has reduced to 33% (i.e.
adequate water is available once in three
years) against the designed dependability of
75% under GWDT.
Location : Nizamabad, Telangana,
Construction began : 1963
Opening date : 1977
Dam and spillways
Impounds : Godavari River
Height : 43 metres (141 ft) from
river level
Length : 15,600 metres (51,181 ft)
Reservoir
Total capacity : 3,172,000,000 m3
Active capacity : 2,322,000,000 m3
Surface area : 451 km2 (174 sq mi)
19. Babli project
• The Babhali project / barrage is a controversial
reservoir project being constructed by Maharashtra
across the river Godavari, disputed by Telangana
• The Supreme Court delivered a ruling after seven
years in favour of Maharashtra with the Andhra
Pradesh government expected to appeal against it.
• The dispute arises from the fact that S.B. Chavan
and Jalagam Vengal Rao reached an agreement in
October 1975, which was later made part of
the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT)
• As per the terms of the pact, Maharashtra could
utilise 60 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) of
Godavari water while Andhra Pradesh could go
ahead with building the Sriram Sagar Project (SRSP)
and utilise the rest of the water.
20. • Andhra Pradesh contended that Maharashtra has used up its quota in
course of time by building four projects. Yet, in an action without
precedent, Maharashtra began construction of the Babli project on the
foreshores of SRSP and 13 other small projects upstream.
• Eighteen lakh acres under the SRSP ayacut in the Telangana region will
become barren if Maharashtra is allowed to have its way
• The Supreme Court ruled in favour of Maharashtra, with safeguards
contained in the judgment included the stipulation to open Babli gates
during the monsoon period (July to October ) to allow inflows to SRSP.
• The Union Cabinet on 17 October 2013 gave its approval for Constitution of
the 3-Members Supervisory Committee on the Babhali Barrage to
implement the directions of the Supreme Court.
22. Dowleswaram Barrage
• The Dowleswaram Barrage is an irrigation structure built on the lower
stretch of the Godavari River before it empties into the Bay of Bengal.
• The famous Doleswaram barrage was commissioned on
14thapril 1852 has recently completed 167 years of service.
• It was rebuilt in 1970 when it was officially renamed the Sir Arthur Cotton
Barrage / Godavari Barrage
The project has a capacity to irrigate 16,90,000 acres of
land under its three delta systems in east and west godavari
districts.
In the first quarter of 1800 the agricultural lands were affetced
due to floods and devastation, which was solved by
construction of this barrage.
23. • Cropping pattern : Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana, Chillies and
Turmeric. ( Kharif and Rabi )
• Population benefited : 36 Mandalas in East Godavari District and 29
Mandalas in West Godavari District.
26. Polavaram project:
• Under construction multi-purpose national project
• Under national river linking project, surplus water of Godavari River
Basin will be transferred to the Krishna River basin
• Located 40km upstream to Cotton barrage in rajamahendravaram
• Its reservoir back water spreads upto dummugudem anicut i.e
approx. 150km back from polavaram spillway on main river side and
approx. 115km in sabari river side
• Thus backwater spreads into states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha states
• Capacity : 194 tmc
• Power station : 960 MW
27.
28.
29. Kaleshwaram lift irrigation project:
• At the junction of the rivers Godavari and its tributary Pranahitha
• Designed with many unique features such as longest tunnel to carry water in Asia,
utilize the highest capacity pumps
• The Kaleshwaram project intends to irrigate 18 lakh acres in 13 districts and
stabilise another 17 lakh acres in another seven districts of Telangana. The
government will also utilise this project to provide drinking water to towns
and cities, including Hyderabad and Secunderabad, while also providing
water for industrial use
• Aims to utilize a total of 240TMC
• To harness water, the government will construct a barrage at Medigadda, in the
Jayashankar Bhupalpally district at the confluence of the three rivers across the
Godavari. From here, the water will be reverse-pumped into the main Godavari
river, and diverted into a huge and complex system of reservoirs, water tunnels,
pipelines, and canals
30. Hydro power stations
• The Godavari River is one of the rivers whose water energy is least harnessed
for generating hydro electricity.
• The 600 MW capacity Upper Indravati hydro power station is the biggest
hydro power station which diverts Godavari River water to the Mahanadi
River basin. Hydroelectric power stations on Godavari river
Name of the project Rated Power (in MW)
Upper Indravati 600
Machkund 120
Balimela 510
Upper Sileru 240
Lower Sileru 460
Upper Kolab 320
Pench 160
Ghatghar pumped storage 250
Polavaram (under construction) 960
31. • Maharashtra andAndhra Pradeshgrow
crops like sugar cane, paddy,cotton,
tobacco, chilly and fruit orchards using
the Godavari waters.
32. Godavari water disputes tribunal
• Headed by justice bachawat was constituted by GoI in april, 1969 for
adjudication of interstate water disputes regarding Godavari river
• While the adjudication proceedings were going on, several
agreements between the party states were reached during the year
1975
• Tribunal gave its award(series of agreements among party states) in
july,1980
33. Godavari river management board
• Central government constituted GRMB on 28th may,2014 under A.P
state reorganaisaton act,2014 for administration, regulation,
maintenance and operation of projects on Godavari river
• Regulates supply of water, power generated from projects to
successor states
• Making an appraisal of any proposal for construction of new projects
and giving technical clearance
34. Godavari bridges
Old Godavari Bridge / Havelock Bridge
Commissioned in 1900, the bridge served trains plying
between Howrah and Madras
Having served its full life span of 100 years, it was
decommissioned in 1997, and Godavari Arch
Bridge was built as a replacement for the bridge.
Today, the bridge is being used to host civic water
supply pipelines.
Constructed by : Hindustan Construction Company
Construction start : 1991
Construction end : 1997
Opened : March 12, 1997
Replaces : Havelock Bridge
Carries : Single Railway lane
Other name : Rajahmundry-Kovvur Bridge
Owner : Indian Railways
Maintained by : Indian Railways
Preceded by : Godavari Bridge
Godavari Arch Bridge
35. Godavari Bridge/Road cum rail bridge
India's third longest road-cum-rail bridge
Kovvur–Rajahmundry Bridge
4.1 kilometers (2.8 km Rail part & 4.1 km Road part) long
bridge has a road deck over the single track rail deck
Carries : Four lanes of Road
Official name : Rajahmundry–Kovvur 4th Bridge
Total length : 4.13 kilometres (2.57 mi)
Opened : 2015
Godavari Fourth Bridge
36. Water transport
Theriver Godavari is not only providing livelihood to the fishermen but it
also is a tourist spot for travellers.
Many take pleasure riding on ferries from Rajamhundry to Bhadrachalam
between the Papikondalu hills. Our state tourism department is operating
the launches for tourists.
Godavari Riverbetween Papi Kondalu
38. Pushkaralu
• Once in every 12 years, Pushkar mela is organised on the bank
of the river Godavari. It lasts for 12 days. It is considered to be
auspicious to take a dip in Godavari water during that time.
• The land along the Godavari is the centre for spirituality and
culture. Kumbha Mela is celebrated at Nasik.
39. Industries
• Many industries depend on the waters of the Godavari. We are able
to produce 2,600 megawatts of electricity through the Thermal
Power station at Ramagudam.
• Papermills are located at Bhadrachalam, Thermal power station is located
at Kothagudem and natural gas power centre is at Vijjeshwaram.
• Nanded andAurangabad have also developed industrially.
The NTPC power plant at
Ramagundam
Paper mill at
Bhadrachalam
Kothagudem
Thermalpower
station
Vijjeswaram Gas
Thermal
Power Station
Kovvur
Textile Industry in
Nanded
40. Pollution
Wastes from the industries and the power stations are
released into the river. This is causing damage to the
water and to the living organisms and polluting the river
water.
Thesewage water from villages and cities on the banks of
the river Godavari is discharged into the river. Thisresults in
the pollution of the river and the water becomes unsuitable
for drinking.
Thepeople who visit the rivers also cause the water
pollution bythrowing plastic bottles and covers in to the
river.
This leads to the excess growth of the water plant called
Eichornia which reduces the dissolved oxygen leading to
the death of the water organisms, animals and plants.
