S.1.4 Model for Energy Map Calculation

www.sunshineproject.eu
SUNSHINE - Smart UrbaN ServIces for Higher eNergy Efficiency (GA no: 325161)
D6.4 S1.4
The Model for Energy Map
Calculation
„Building Energy Awareness”

1 - Problem analysis – laws
The scope of the model is to estimate energy performance of buildings (EP).
The model is based on European laws.
Main laws are:
EN 15217 indicates global indicators for the energy performance of whole building.
EN 15603 indicates a general framework for the assessment of overall energy use.

2 - Problem analysis - EP
In general, overall energy performance 𝐸𝑃𝑔𝑙 is calculated using the formula:
𝐸𝑃𝑔𝑙 = 𝐸𝑃𝑖 + 𝐸𝑃 𝐷𝐻𝑊
where Qℎ = Qℎ,𝑙𝑠 - γℎ,𝑔𝑛Qℎ,𝑔𝑛
STEPS :
1. Seasonal thermal energy
2. Annual Domestic Hot Water energy
3. For each terms calculate energy use in buildings referred to area.
𝐸𝑃𝑔𝑙 = 𝐸𝑃𝑖 + 𝐸𝑃 𝐷𝐻𝑊 + 𝐸𝑃𝑒 + 𝐸𝑃𝑖𝑙𝑙
In our model:
𝐸𝑃 =
(𝑄/𝐴 𝑟𝑖𝑓)
η 𝑠𝑦𝑠

3 - Heating energy request Qh
- HDD is the Heating Degree Day.
In general this value is calculated as accumulated differences between internal and
external temperature.
Energy need for heating 𝑄ℎ is given by EN 13790 «Energy performance of buildings:
Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling ».
𝑸 𝒉 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟐𝟒 ∙ 𝑯𝑫𝑫 ∙ (𝑯 𝑻 + 𝑯 𝑽 ) - 𝒇 𝒙 (𝑸 𝒔+𝑸𝒊)
( 20 [°C] – 5,2 [°C] ) x 174 [d/a] = 2575 [Kd/a]
T ExternalT Internal Heating days Heating Degree Day
- Ht is the heat transfer coefficient by transmission.
- Hv is the heat transfer coefficient by ventilation.
𝑯 𝑽 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝟒 ∙ 𝒏 ∙ 𝑽
Where V is volume of building and n the ventilation rate.
𝑯 𝑻 = (𝑨 𝒆𝒏𝒗,𝒊 ∙ 𝑼𝒊 ∙ 𝒃 𝒕𝒓,𝒊 ) + 𝚫𝑼 𝒕𝒃 ∙ ( 𝑨 𝒆𝒏𝒗,𝒊)

- Qs is the solar heat load during heating season.
For example:
Qs = ( 0,9 x 0,75 ) x 𝐀 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒘 x I
Non
perpendicular
Solar energy
transmittance
Energy need for heating 𝑄ℎ is given by EN 13790 «Energy performance of buildings:
Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling ».
Area
window
- Qi is the internal heat sources.
Irradiation
- fx is the gain utilization factor for heating.
𝑸 𝑰 = ( 𝜽𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝐱 𝐀 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝐱 𝒉 ) ∶ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Internal heat
sources
per unit area Area
Heating
hours
fx = 0,95

Geometric values
Si (Envelope element area)
𝐀 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒘 (Window area)
Volume
Afloor (Area)
Thermal values
Ui (U-value)
𝚫𝑼 𝒕𝒃 (Thermal bridge)
Climatic Data
I (Irradiation)
T External
Heating days
The model need several parameter for each building.
How
to
calculate
them ?

Buildings characteristics with age after
1900: data are estimated by TABULA
project.
By Tabula are estimated also climatic data.
Some geometric values (such as external perimeter and floor area)
are estimated by geometric shape file.
Window area and thermal proprieties depend on buildings age, typologies and region.

Buildings characteristics with age
before 1900: data from historical
analysis of Ferrara University.
From wall material (stone or brick) and
average width of one building type, it is
possible calculate wall width for each
building.
So we can calculate Heating energy request Qh
Some geometric values (such as external perimeter and floor area)
are estimated by geometric shape file.
Window area and thermal proprieties depend on buildings age, typologies and region.

4 – Domestic Hot Water
𝐐 𝑫𝑯𝑾 = ( 𝟏, 𝟏𝟔𝟐 x 𝑽 𝑾 x ( 𝜽 𝑯 − 𝜽 𝑪 ) x 𝟑𝟔𝟓
Volume
DHW
Energy need for domestic hot water 𝑄 𝐷𝐻𝑊 is given by EN 15316 series:
“Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies”
temperature
hot water
Days
temperature
inlet
Where:
• Volume DHW is calculated directly on floor area [ l / day ]
• Temperature hot water is 40 °C
• Temperature inlet water is 15 °C
𝑽 𝑾 = a x 𝑨 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓

The energy model validation requires some considerations:
• Not all energy certifications are based on the entire building;
• Building age in the model isn’t always as real age;
• We don’t know real refurbishment.
5 – Validation - Trento
Difference between EPi – building with similar S/V

User can choose the location of the plan
Use variable (with value 0 or 1) for the control of dispersant surfaces
The energy model validation requires some considerations:
• Not all energy certifications are based on the entire building
6 – Use
𝑯 𝑻 = (𝜶𝒊 ∙ 𝑨 𝒆𝒏𝒗,𝒊 ∙ 𝑼𝒊 ∙ 𝒃 𝒕𝒓,𝒊 ) + 𝚫𝑼 𝒕𝒃 ∙ (𝜶𝒊 ∙ 𝑨 𝒆𝒏𝒗,𝒊)
• Building age in the model isn’t always as real age
• We don’t know real refurbishment
User can choose the data for simulation

Credits
For more training material and courses visit http://www.sunshineproject.eu/solutions/training
or contact us directly at training@sunshineproject.eu
Source:www.unionegeometri.com
Thank you!
Marco Berti
Fondazione Graphitech
marco.berti@graphitech.it

S.1.4 Model for Energy Map Calculation

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