6. Distilleries
◻ Distilleries - Alcohol producing industries
◻ Alcoholic industries uses different grains,
malted barley and molasses as a raw material
◻ Types of alcoholic industries
⬜ Beverage alcoholic industries- uses grains and
malted barley
⬜ Industrial alcoholic – uses molasses
7. Ethanol from molasses
◻ India is the second largest producers of the
world to convert molasses into alcohol
◻ Ethanol has become one of the important
products as alternative feedstock for large
number of organic chemicals and fuel.
◻ It can be prepared by fermentation of
molasses
◻ Typical reaction as follows
8. Preparation of Ethanol form molasses
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9.
10. Molasses handling
◻ It involves
⬜ Weighing of the molasses
⬜ pumping of molasses to the molasses tank from
which the measured quantity of molasses is
transferred to the fermenter
11. Preparation of yeast inoculam,
propagation of yeast
◻ Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)) material is
prepared in water cooled yeast vessels by
inoculating molasses with yeast
◻ Then transferred to aerated yeast activation
vessel to allow time for yeast cell multiplication
12. FERMENTATION
◻ Conversion of sugar into ethanol and by products
◻ After fermentation alcohol content 8-10 %
◻ Fermentation exothermic process – heat will be
generated
◻ Rising temperature reduces alcohol productivity
◻ Nutrients added intermittently depending upon
requirement
◻ Sulphuric acid and anti foaming agent added to
control pH and excess air
◻ After fermentation dil. Liquor is preheated and
pumped the beer still where the alcohol
50-60percent
13. Distillation of dilute alcohol for removal
of impurities
◻ Aldehydes and other impurities is distilled off.
Then it is move to the aldehyde column were
its recovered
◻ Residue at the bottom of the beer column
known as slops or tillage are discharged and
treated for the recovery of energy
14. Concentration of the dilute alcohol to
rectified spirit and absolute alcohol
◻ Diluted alcohol is concentrated to
95-96percent alcohol in the rectifying column
15. Molasses : Fertilizer
◻ Ash content is high in molasses
◻ It contains all in organic species , especially high in
potash
◻ Molasses increase organic matter in the soil,
promotes microbial activity , add some useful
trace elements , improves soil aggregation and
reduces surface crusting in hard setting soils
◻ Molasses hard to handle, uniform application is big
risk
◻ So mixture of molasses and filter cake may be a
better option
16. How to prepare molasses
fertilizer?
◻ Molasses is excellent when applied to soil in
conjunction with organic fertilizer
◻ Basic mixture – 15 to 45 ml back strap
molasses (un sulphited molasses ) mixed with
3.8 liter liquid fertilizer mix / 1 gallon tea
compost , alfalfa meal
17.
18. ◻ SPM- Sugar Press Mud obtained during
processing of sugar cane and cane juice
processing
◻ Cane juice processing – filtration, precipitation
◻ Composition
19. Molasses : Animal Feed
◻ Liquid molasses is combined with an absorbent
carrier material, such as soybean hulls, etc , then
dried.
◻ Other Raw material used as adsorbents
⬜ Maize
⬜ Groundnut split
⬜ Rapeseed
⬜ Deoiled cake
⬜ Deoiled Rice bran
⬜ Polised rice fine
⬜ Soybean hulls
20. Molasses Animal Feed:
Manufacturing Process
◻ All materials are weighed accurately and
stored in ware house/ silo
◻ Minor nutrient mix such as urea, mineral mix
and vitamin mix are mixed with the major
nutrients
◻ The weighed ingredients were pulverized and
mixed thoroughly and pre heated molasses
was added to the required portion
◻ Then it was pelletized followed by bagging,
labeling and dispatching
21. Molasses: Invert Sugar
◻ Inversion sugars
◻ Traditionally invert sugar produced from
sucrose using mineral acids like H2SO4 and
HCL
◻ This methods conversion has low conversion
efficiency (65-70%), high ash content ,
undesirable product formation 7-8 %, Dark
Color
◻ Novel technique – invertase enzyme
◻ Application – confectionery, bakery,
beverages and pharmaceutical formation
24. Process Description
◻ Molasses is collected from either the factory molasses pumps or
from the molasses tank
◻ Molasses diluted to appropriate concentration by addition of
water
◻ Chemicals H3PO4 and NaOH added as required
◻ Filtration – Leaf Filter
◻ Filtered molasses softened in ion exchange column filled with
strong cationic resin
◻ Soft molasses then evaporated to 65 brix and inverted using
enzyme or acids
◻ Chromatographic separation plant has 8 column , molasses
eluted with water
◻ Two portion obtained. Extract (sugar portion), Raffinate (Salt
Portion)
26. Introduction
◻ Bio gas produced by digestion of organic
matter in the absence of oxygen - this process
called as anaerobic digestion
◻ Biogas is mixture of
⬜ methane (50-60 per cent),
⬜ CO2 (30 – 40 per cent),
⬜ hydrogen (5-10 per cent),
⬜ H2S and nitrogen (traces)
27. Anaerobic Digestion Process
◻ It has four steps
⬜ hydrolysis- complex organic polymers into
monomers
⬜ Acidogenesis – formation of hydrogen and
carbon dioxide as well as non gaseous
fermentation products
⬜ Acetogenesis – non gaseous substances further
oxidized to hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetate
⬜ Methanogenesis – methane gas production