1. Quality Assurance in
Open and Distance Learning
Prof. Marmar Mukhopadhyay
Chairman
ETMA, Gurgaon
marmar.mukhopadhyay@gmail.com

2. A Hugely
debated
subject in
ODL
Internationally
International
Discourse
Indian
Discourse

3. International An identified
Discourse arrea of concern
and emphasis in
COL
Case
studies on UKOU --
@QA, e.g., QAA and
Universitas OU, Internal
Terbuka Malaysia, Validation
9000 Unit
Certificat
ion

4. 1990s – Australia, New Zealand, Canada.
Adaptation in India, Hong Kong
2000-10 Quality Culture – convergence of
Internal and external quality assurance
measures
COL is supporting,
Publication of Quality Assurance Toolkit

5. QA in O DL
n
urse o
The disco ;
c ocoon
uck in its cism:
ODL s
t iti
i ve Cr stem;
f Negat ion Sy
arers o Educat
o rch be Formal
ors and T ains of in ODL;
Initiat med capt ment
for Im prove
Unin Q uality ability
y
ope for e emplo
Enou g h Sc ogniz
rs to rec
ploye
ce of Em
Rel uctan

6. QA is function of
internal quality
management and
external quality
control

7. Indian Situation
NCTE separated from NCERT; AICTE from
ISTE, but DEC remained with IGNOU.
No designated Agency for Quality Control with
Statutory Authority

8. Indian Situation
DEC created by IGNOU, not by an Act of Parliament.
Conflict of Interest – IGNOU as both controlling and
beneficiary agency;

9. Indian Situation
Clash of Jurisdiction with NCTE, AICTE and UGC;
Peer-Group Evaluation as a mechanism do not work
in India, e.g. NCTE, AICTE, DEC’s reputation.

10. Indian Situation
External Quality Control mechanism not
working;
Private commercial initiatives (Franchisees)
completely changed ethical dimension of QA.
Poor quality learning material in many univ.
but accredited by DEC.

11. Madhavan Menon Committee sets new parameters of ODL
Contradiction of AICTE resolution and NPE 1986,
Rewriting roles of NCTE, AICTE and UGC on QA in ODL;
Reinforcing the proposal of umbrella organization in
education as a constitutional agency like CAG, CEC, etc.

12. Internal Mechanism of QA.
Not in place,
Early Inspiration of ODL – Dual Mode Univs.

13. Techniques of QA in ODL
Total Quality Management
Quality Circle
Six Sigma

14. Student Interface &
Academic Network
Services
Human ODL
….. Infrastructure
Resources Instns
Office Leadership
Finance

15. Component Analysis Print Audio
Curriculum Learning
Video
Material
Digital
and
Admis other
sion forms
Delivery
ODL
Student of LM
Support
Services
Summative
Formative Management
Assessmen
Assessmen &
ts
ts Leadership

16. Setting up
Indicators of Quality and
Benchmarks for
Each micro component

17. Pedagogy of ODL
1.Identify various ODL Learning Tactics;
2.Relate each Tactics with Levels of Learning
Goals (level of thinking)
3.Create Blended Learning Designs

18. SAMPLE ODL [ONLINE] LEARNING TACTICS

19. Leadership Issues
Crisis of Leadership
Leadership Ethics
Leadership for Institution Building

20. Ethics in Leadership
Gratitude and Obligations
Management of Coterie
Austerity Vs Grandiose
Academic Integrity
Public Attendance
Personal vs Institutional Entitlement

21. ODL WILL EXPAND
QUALITY OR NO QUALITY
CHOICE IS ……..

22. Any questions?

23. Pedagogy of
Distance Education
Print Material
Multi Channel Audio/Video
Learning System Interactive
Radio/TV
Satellite Based
Academic Online
Counseling

24. Blended Learning
Multiple Delivery Media
Channels Complements
and Supplements
Channels are Merged
 to Create Convergence

25. Distance Education
Components
Design Delivery
Assessment

26. Quality Assurance
in
Distance
Systems Approach
EducationComponent
Assure Quality of Each
of the System
Assure Quality of Relationships
and Interdependence
Between and Among
Components

27. • Creativity Encouraged • Process and Rules all
• Clear Roles and Important
Responsibilities • Vague
• Clear Evaluation Strategies • No Systematic Strategies
• Plans Long Term • Plans Short Terms
• Quality as part of Culture • See Quality as
• Means to Improve Customer Troublesome
Satisfaction • See Quality to Cut Costs

28. Methods of
Quality Assurance
Assure Quality of Each
Component of the MCLS
Assure Quality of Interrelationship
and Interdependence of
MCLS Component

29. Self Learning Print
Material
Introduction
Objective
Content/Concepts
Intext Questions
Activities
Summary

30. Components Indicators
• Is there a Set of Objectives
• Objectives Stated Clearly
• Objectives Should be Measurable
Objectives • Objectives Stated in Terms of
Learning Outcome
• SAQ after each Section
• Different Types of SAQs
• Set of Lesson End Questions
Evaluation (LEQ)
Exercises • LEQ Cover Whole Text
• SAQ Measure Objectives
• Language
• Etc.

31. This is Pedagogical
Science,
Touches
Cognitive Processes