2. Elliptical Construction
Elliptical construction is a sentence which is a
shortening of two or more sentences by removing some
parts of the sentence that have the same original
meaning
There are two kinds of use of Elliptical construction.
1.So and too
2.Either and Neither.
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3. 1. So and too are used to combine two
positive sentences
The formula is:(and) + so + tobe/auxiliary/modal +S (and) + S +
tobe/auxiliary/modal + too
To be namely: is, am, Are
Auxiliary namely: have/has
Modal namely: will, would,shall, should, can, should, must may, might
etc.
An example of this is elliptical construction using tobe (is, am, are, was, were)
1.(+) She is a doctor
(+) He is a doctor
EC: She is a doctor and so is He and He is too. 3
4. “ Quotations are
commonly printed as
a means of inspiration
and to invoke
philosophical thoughts
from the reader.
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6. This is a slide title
⬡ Here you have a list of items
⬡ And some text
⬡ But remember not to overload your
slides with content
Your audience will listen to you or read the
content, but won’t do both.
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8. Modal : will, would,
shall,should,
can,could,must,
can,could,must, may,
might ect.
So if the sentence has a Modals, then the capital must be
included. Then the Modals must be followed
Example:
(+) she should see the doctor
(+) she should see the doctor
EC: She should see the doctor and
so should we should too
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9. Neither and Either
Neither and either
used for
combine two negative
sentences (-)
combine two negative
sentences
Formula :
And + neither + tobe +
auxiliary/modal+S
Or
And + S +
tobe/auxiliary/modal + not +
either And + S +
tobe/auxiliary/modal + not +
either
Example use to be :
(-) She isn’t a teacher
(-) He isn’t teacher
EC: She isn’t a
teacher and neither is
he isn’t either
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10. Sentences using the verb form first (Verb I)
then must use do/does
Examples:
1.(-) We don't speak english
(-) They don't speak english
EC: We don't speak english and neither do they and they don't either
Have/has + Verb3, then have/has must be included.
2. (-) she hasn't sung one song
(-) He hasn't sung one song
EC: She hasn't sung one song and neither has he and he hasn't either
Have/has + noun, then the EC must use the word do/does.
3. (-) We have a big house
(-) She has big house
EC: We have big house and neither does she
and she doesn't either
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11. If the sentence uses the word "did"/in
simple past tense, then the "did" must be
included
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Examples:
1. (-) Tono didn't meet me last night
(-) Wati didn't meet me last night
EC: Tono didn't meet me last night and Neither did wati and wati didn't either
If the sentence contains a modal, then modal It must be included
2.(-) she won't be a doctor
(-) he won't be a doctor
EC: She won't be doctor and neither will he and he won't either be included
12. Then there is also the elliptical construction
which uses the conjunction "but"
conjunction but shows contradiction
1.(-) He isn't studying English
(+) She is studying English
EC: He isn't studying English but she is
Conjuction both....and (both) Example:
1.(+) He painted the door
(+) He painted the window
EC: He painted the door and the window
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13. Neither
Example: 1.(-) He isn’t a teacher
(-) He isn’t a doctor
EC: He is neither a teacher nor a doctor
Either Example: 1.(-) We aren’t a student
(-) they aren’t a driver
EC: we aren’t either a student or a driver
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14. Some conjunctions that show The equivalent sentence pattern
(same) is and, and or.
Example:
1.(+) I will write a letter
(+) I will write a short story
Ec: I will write letters and
short stories
Or for example:
2. (-) You can't take the bus
(-) You can't take the taxi
Ec: You can't go by bus or
taxi
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