3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that
commonly
• transmitted by having sex with someone who has the
infection.
• The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses,
spirochetes
• Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the
• health problems they cause can be more severe for women .
• If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health
problems for her baby.
• If STDs caused by bacteria or parasites, than it can treat with
antibiotics or other medicines. If STD caused by a virus, then
there is no cure.
5. Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by
bacteria
• Causative Organism:- Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
• Incubation Period:- 7-21 days
• Spreading factor:-
Vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner
Oral sex, although this is less common
Sharing sex toys, touching parts of the body with fingers
• Sign & Symptoms:-
• Chlamydia Symptoms in Women:
An unusual vaginal discharge
Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine
Bleeding between periods
Pain during sex or bleeding after sex
Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea
6. • Chlamydia Symptoms in Men:
White/cloudy, watery discharge from the tip of the penis
Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine
Testicular pain and/or swelling
• Diagnosis
Urine Test
Swab Test
7. TREATMENT
TREATMENT
• Azithromycin
1gm p.o. single
dose OR
• Doxycycline
100mg BID 7
days
ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENT
• Erythromycin
base 500mg QID
X 7 days OR
• Ofloxacin
300mg BID 7
days OR
• Levofloxacin
500mg 7 days
PREGNANCY
• Doxycycline and
Ofloxacin
Contraindicated
in pregnancy
• Repeat testing 3
weeks after
completion of
treatment
Erythromycin
base 500mg QID
X 7days
COMMENTS
• Azithromycin
best to use if
compliance an
issue
• Doxycycline is
less expensive
• Erythromycin
tends to have
more GI side
effects; should
do TOC 3 weeks
after completion
of treatment
8. Epdidymitis
• Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis (tube stores and
carries sperm), which is a tube located at the back of the testicles.
• Epididymitis is caused by an infection, usually a bacterial or a
sexually transmitted infection.
• Causative Organism:- Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.
• Incubation Period:- Days to Weeks (depends upon organism)
• Spreading Factor :-
In children it is most commonly associated with urinary tract
infections
In young, sexually active men
In older men it is often caused by enlargement of the prostate gland
9. • Sign & Symptoms :-
low-grade fever &chills
Pain & pressure in the pelvic area & testicles
Painful, red and warm and swollen scrotum
Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin
Pain with urination or bowel movements & intercourse and
ejaculation
Urgent and frequent urination
Blood in the semen
• Diagnosis:-
Complete blood count (CBC)
Doppler ultrasound.
Testicular scan (nuclear medicine scan)
Urine analysis and culture
10. Treatment
TREATMENTS
• Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM And
• Doxycycline 100mg BID X 10 days Or
• Ofloxacin 300 mg p.o. BID X 10 days Or
• Levofloxacin 500 mg p.o. q day X 10 days
COMMENTS
• Most often caused by Chlamydia or GC
• Should see improvement 3 days after treatment initiated
• Use Ofloxacin if Levofloxacin is not likely STD related or
allergic to Cephalosporins or Tetracycline
11. GONORRHEA
• Gonorrhea
It is a bacterial infection which transmitted by sexual contact.
Sometimes referred to as the clap.
• Causative Organism:- Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria
• Incubation Period:- 2-14 Days
• Spreading Factor:-
During vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner.
A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.
12. • Sign & Symptoms:-
• Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women
Strong smelling vaginal discharge that may be thin & watery or
thick &
yellow/green
Irritation or discharge from the anus
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness
Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine
Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea
• Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men
White, yellow or green thick discharge from the tip of the penis
Inflammation of the testicles & prostate gland
Irritation or discharge from the anus
Urethral itch & pain or burning sensation when passing urine
15. HIV/AIDS
• Also called: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, HIV,
Human immunodeficiency virus.
• HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It kills or damages the
body's immune system cells. AIDS stands for acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of infection
with HIV.
• Causative organism:- Human immunodeficiency virus
• Incubation Period:- 2 week to 6 month
• Spreading Factor:-
Through unprotected sex with an infected person.
By sharing drug needles or through contact with the blood of an
infected person.
Women can give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
16. Sign and Symptoms:
Swollen glands and flu-like symptoms
Fever (this is the most common symptom)
Swollen glands
Sore throat
Rash
Fatigue
Muscle and joint aches and pains
Headache
• Diagnosis:-
• ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
• Western blot
• Rapid or point-of-care tests
• CD4 cell count 20
19. Syphilis
• Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochetes.
• Causative organism:- Treponema pallidum spirochetes
• Incubation period:- 9-90 days
• Spreading Factor:-By direct contact with a syphilis sore during
vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Also spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby
• Sign and symptoms:-
1. Primary- Fever, General ill feeling, Loss of appetite, Muscle
aches, Joint pain, Swollen lymph nodes, Vision changes, Hair
loss
2. Secondary- Moist warts in the groin, white patches on the
inside of the mouth, swollen lymph glands, fever, and weight
loss
3. Tertiary- Severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that
can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence,
and even death.
20. • Diagnosis:-
• Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test
• Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
• Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test
• Microhemagglutination assay (MHA-TP)
• Treponama pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA)
• Direct testing
• TREATMENT:
